Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Plant Sciences (6)
- Cell and Developmental Biology (3)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (3)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Botany (2)
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (2)
- Plant Pathology (2)
- Animal Sciences (1)
- Cardiovascular Diseases (1)
- Cell Anatomy (1)
- Computer Sciences (1)
- Curriculum and Instruction (1)
- Data Science (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Education (1)
- Entomology (1)
- International and Area Studies (1)
- Latin American Studies (1)
- Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (1)
- Plant Biology (1)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (1)
- Sports Sciences (1)
- Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology (1)
- Zoology (1)
- Keyword
-
- Biology (5)
- Botryosphaeria dothidea (2)
- Chaparral (2)
- Hydraulic conductance (2)
- Amphibian Skin Secretions (1)
-
- Amphibians (1)
- Anatomical variation (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Antifungal (1)
- Antimicrobial (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Araneus gemmoides (1)
- Argentine university students (1)
- Arteries and arterioles (1)
- Behaviors (1)
- CVD (1)
- Cardiovascular health (1)
- Chumash (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Drought (1)
- Ecogeographical (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Escherichia coli ΔtolC mutant strain (1)
- Exercise (1)
- Extract (1)
- Ferns (1)
- Frog Morphology (1)
- Fungi (1)
- File Type
Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Biology
A Tick's Quest: The Effects Of Climatic Stress On Host-Seeking Behavior Of Wild Ticks, Lawson Trimmell, Peter Briggs, Javier Monzón
A Tick's Quest: The Effects Of Climatic Stress On Host-Seeking Behavior Of Wild Ticks, Lawson Trimmell, Peter Briggs, Javier Monzón
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
The Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum) is one of the most epidemiologically relevant tick species in the United States and is experiencing a range expansion. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of climatic stress on the behavior and physiology of the Lone Star Tick at the expansion front. We hypothesized that there are differences in survivorship, questing (host-seeking) behavior, and dehydration tolerance based on sex or geographic origin. We also predicted that ticks increase their host-seeking behavior as they approach death due to dehydration stress. We collected adult ticks from six sites across Oklahoma and New York/New Jersey. We …
Effectiveness Of Frog Skin Secretions Against Uv-B Radiation, Connor Mcgaha, Kinkade Mcmurray, Lee B. Kats
Effectiveness Of Frog Skin Secretions Against Uv-B Radiation, Connor Mcgaha, Kinkade Mcmurray, Lee B. Kats
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
As an increasing number of their species face possible extinction, amphibian populations have been steadily declining over the past decades (IUCN). While various factors have been suggested or proven to be partially responsible for this reduction, increased ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR) appears to be one of the more prominent explanations, especially when considering the continual thinning of the Earth’s ozone layer due to anthropogenic climate change. However, it has also been discovered that skin secretions, which are reported to function as a component of amphibians’ innate immune systems, may have an effect on UVBR (Cramp and Franklin). With this in …
Deep Learning Can Be Used To Classify And Segment Plant Cell Types In Xylem Tissue, Reem Al Dabagh, Benjamin Shin, Sean Wu, Fabien Scalzo, Helen Holmlund, Jessica Lee, Chris Ghim, Samuel Fitzgerald, Marinna Grijalva
Deep Learning Can Be Used To Classify And Segment Plant Cell Types In Xylem Tissue, Reem Al Dabagh, Benjamin Shin, Sean Wu, Fabien Scalzo, Helen Holmlund, Jessica Lee, Chris Ghim, Samuel Fitzgerald, Marinna Grijalva
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Studies of plant anatomical traits are essential for understanding plant physiological adaptations to stressful environments. For example, shrubs in the chaparral ecosystem of southern California have adapted various xylem anatomical traits that help them survive drought and freezing. Previous studies have shown that xylem conduits with a narrow diameter allows certain chaparral shrub species to survive temperatures as low as -12 C. Other studies have shown that increased cell wall thickness of fibers surrounding xylem vessels improves resistance to water stress-induced embolism formation. Historically, these studies on xylem anatomical traits have relied on hand measurements of cells in light micrographs, …
Deep Learning Can Be Used To Classify And Segment Plant Cell Types In Xylem Tissue, Sean Wu, Reem Al Dabagh, Fabien Scalzo, Helen Irene Holmlund
Deep Learning Can Be Used To Classify And Segment Plant Cell Types In Xylem Tissue, Sean Wu, Reem Al Dabagh, Fabien Scalzo, Helen Irene Holmlund
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Studies of plant anatomical traits are essential for understanding plant physiological adaptations to stressful environments. For example, shrubs in the chaparral ecosystem of southern California have adapted various xylem anatomical traits that help them survive drought and freezing. Previous studies have shown that xylem conduits with a narrow diameter allows certain chaparral shrub species to survive temperatures as low as -12 C. Other studies have shown that increased cell wall thickness of fibers surrounding xylem vessels improves resistance to water stress-induced embolism formation. Historically, these studies on xylem anatomical traits have relied on hand measurements of cells in light micrographs, …
Human Adaptation And Morphological Variation: Expanding Diversity In Anatomy Curriculum, Jordan Cass, Cooker Storm
Human Adaptation And Morphological Variation: Expanding Diversity In Anatomy Curriculum, Jordan Cass, Cooker Storm
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Introduction: The recent upturn in our nation’s socio-political conversation has fueled interest in ensuring that college curricula is diverse and inclusive. Because human anatomy is ubiquitous across colleges, it may be a valuable avenue to purposefully incorporate topics of diversity in a way that positively impacts our socio-cultural relationships. Providing students with a scientific understanding of our visible differences may mitigate subconscious bias when we see others who have different features. Purpose: We investigated the biogeographical factors that contribute to the morphological variability of the face, hair, and body size; with the secondary aim of developing diverse and …
Investigation Of Antimicrobial Properties Of Rhus Ovata Extracts, Sydney T. Adams
Investigation Of Antimicrobial Properties Of Rhus Ovata Extracts, Sydney T. Adams
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Native peoples of Southern California historically used a variety of local plants as remedies for illnesses. Chaparral species such as Rhus ovata (sugar bush) were widely available and were used to ease headaches, coughs and chest pains, and colds. In light of the historical importance of this plant and other chaparral species, recent fungal pathogen-induced diebacks of Malosma laurina, a species closely related to R. ovata, have raised questions regarding the innate defenses of these plants against fungal pathogens. We attempted to scientifically evaluate the traditional medicinal use of R. ovata and its antifungal resistance by testing two …
Potential Spread Of The Fungal Pathogen Botryospharea Dothidea From Chaparral Shrubs To Grape Vineyards In The Santa Monica Mountains, Alexandra N. Case, Natalie M. Aguirre, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Stephen D. Davis
Potential Spread Of The Fungal Pathogen Botryospharea Dothidea From Chaparral Shrubs To Grape Vineyards In The Santa Monica Mountains, Alexandra N. Case, Natalie M. Aguirre, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Stephen D. Davis
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
We tested the hypothesis that an opportunistic endophytic fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea, that frequently infects and causes dieback in species of chaparral shrubs in the Santa Monica Mountains during drought events, may spread to grape vineyards in the Santa Monica Mountains. Recently a dominant chaparral species in coastal exposures of the Santa Monica Mountains, Malosma laurina, has undergone extensive dieback in low elevation, dry sites, in response to historic drought in California, but less dieback in high elevation moist sites. M. laurina frequently grows adjacent grape vineyards. Thus we hypothesized that fungal isolates from a low elevation, dry vineyard …
Carbon Black Exposure Induces Alterations In Mitochondrial Morphology In Human Lung Cells: A Software-Based Quantitative Analysis, Jennifer D. Duff, Brianna K. Laferney, Celina Y. Jones, Penn M. Mcclatchey, Jay Brewster
Carbon Black Exposure Induces Alterations In Mitochondrial Morphology In Human Lung Cells: A Software-Based Quantitative Analysis, Jennifer D. Duff, Brianna K. Laferney, Celina Y. Jones, Penn M. Mcclatchey, Jay Brewster
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Nanoparticulates of pure carbon, carbon black (CB), are a common atmospheric pollutant in industrialized and heavily populated areas. They are produced primarily via combustion of fossil fuels, and represent a significant health hazard. They are known to worsen asthma and bronchitis when inhaled and to cause inflammation, heart dysfunction, and oxidative stress when incorporated into other organs. The key focal point of this work was to examine markers of stress signaling and cellular dysfunction when human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) were exposed to CB particles ranging in size from 70 nm and averaging 130 nm in diameter. BrdU incorporation and …
Hydraulic Mechanisms Of Fungal-Induced Dieback In A Keystone Chaparral Species During Unprecedented Drought In California, Natalie M. Aguirre, Marissa E. Ochoa, Helen I. Holmlund, Frank E. Ewers, Stephen D. Davis
Hydraulic Mechanisms Of Fungal-Induced Dieback In A Keystone Chaparral Species During Unprecedented Drought In California, Natalie M. Aguirre, Marissa E. Ochoa, Helen I. Holmlund, Frank E. Ewers, Stephen D. Davis
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Between 2012-2016, southern California experienced unprecedented drought that caused dieback in Malosma laurina, a keystone species of chaparral shrub communities. Dieback was especially severe in coastal exposures of the Santa Monica Mountains, leading to whole plant mortality exceeding 50% at some sites. We hypothesized that the endophytic fungus causing the dieback, Botryosphaeria dothidea, was successful in invading the xylem tissue of M. laurina because of protracted water stress, carbon starvation, or a combination of the two. We tested these possibilities in a controlled pot experiment by comparing three treatments, each inoculated with the fungus: (1) irrigated controls (2) …
Root Hydraulic Conductance In Malosma Laurina Experiencing Severe Dieback In The Santa Monica Mountains, Natalie M. Aguirre 5861995, Avery Davis, Sarah Nelson
Root Hydraulic Conductance In Malosma Laurina Experiencing Severe Dieback In The Santa Monica Mountains, Natalie M. Aguirre 5861995, Avery Davis, Sarah Nelson
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Malosma laurina is a dominant species in coastal chaparral ecosystems The deep root systems of M. laurina provide structural support for the steep Santa Monica Mountains and allow M. laurina to tap into the deep water table. M. laurina dieback is prevalent in coastal exposures of the SMM, presumably due to historic drought predisposing plant tissues to infection by the fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea. In ecosystems that experience annual dry periods, a high hydraulic conductance in roots is necessary to provide plants with sufficient water. A recent study has examined the effect of Botryosphaeria on the hydraulic conductance of M. …
Extracts Of Trichostema Lanatum Inhibit The Growth Of Gram-Positive Bacteria And An Escherichia Coli Δtolc Mutant Strain, Matthew C. Fleming
Extracts Of Trichostema Lanatum Inhibit The Growth Of Gram-Positive Bacteria And An Escherichia Coli Δtolc Mutant Strain, Matthew C. Fleming
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
The Chumash Native Americans of Southern California have well-documented traditions of using plants for medicinal purposes. If a specific plant has traditionally been used for the treatment of cuts, wounds and infections, it may contain chemicals with anti-bacterial properties. One plant that fits these criteria is Trichostema lanatum (woolly blue curls). We tested extracts of T. lanatum for their ability to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria. Because of the widespread use of antibiotics over the past sixty years bacteria are evolving greater resistance to known antibiotics, but unfortunately the rate of antibiotic discovery has diminished during the …
Cardiovascular Health Among Us And Argentine University Students: A Comparative Study Of Behaviors And Risk Factors, Gina Fitzgerald, Gabriella Smith
Cardiovascular Health Among Us And Argentine University Students: A Comparative Study Of Behaviors And Risk Factors, Gina Fitzgerald, Gabriella Smith
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Cardiovascular disease for some time has been the leading cause of death in the Western world. Primary prevention is the only way to halt the onset of cardiovascular disease, yet there is little information on the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults. This study seeks to evaluate students from the Catholic University of Argentina and Pepperdine University of America for the prevalence of CVD risk factors, as well as knowledge of CVD and daily habits that contribute to heart health. Thus we compared two cultures with very different lifestyles and prevalence of risk factors. We hypothesized …
The Effect Of Shear Stress, Potassium, And Adenosine On Α-1 Adrenergic Vasoconstriction Of Rat Soleus Feed Arteries, Tanner J. Heckle
The Effect Of Shear Stress, Potassium, And Adenosine On Α-1 Adrenergic Vasoconstriction Of Rat Soleus Feed Arteries, Tanner J. Heckle
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
During exercise, sympathetic nerve activity increases, augmenting the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) at the arterial wall and into the blood. NE binds to arterial adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction, yet arteries in contracting skeletal muscle dilate during exercise. Previous evidence from Ives et al. suggests that heat and acidosis may partially inhibit constriction resulting from α-1 adrenergic receptors (termed sympatholysis). Our lab has previously demonstrated that rat soleus feed arteries respond to sympathetic signaling solely by α-1 adrenoceptors. We hypothesized that increased levels of arterial wall shear stress, potassium, or adenosine also contribute to sympatholysis, thereby reducing sympathetic …
Influence Of Temperature On The Tensile Strength Of Spider Silk (Araneus Gemmoides), Victoria Lekson
Influence Of Temperature On The Tensile Strength Of Spider Silk (Araneus Gemmoides), Victoria Lekson
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Temperature ranges between day and night in southern California can be as great as 30°C and may influence vital functioning of ectothermic organisms. Arachnids produce silks from a pair of spinnerets in their abdomen and rely on variance in protein composition to make different types of silks. Temperature may influence tensile strength of filaments. We tested the effects of temperature on tensile strength of dragline silk of five specimens of Araneus gemmoides (orb-weaver) which were collected from Malibu Creek State Park in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California, under five temperature conditions. Each specimen was placed in a 0.0283 …
The Regulatory Effect Of Semaphorin 7a On Proliferation And Migration In Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Steven R. Fleming
The Regulatory Effect Of Semaphorin 7a On Proliferation And Migration In Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Steven R. Fleming
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
Semaphorin 7A (SEMA 7A), a factor originally identified as regulating axon growth, has recently been implicated as a pro-angiogenic factor. The molecular mechanisms for this ability to stimulate angiogenesis have not been identified. This study examines if SEMA 7A can have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells or whether it indirectly induces angiogenesis through stimulation and recruitment of macrophages as has been suggested. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the ability of SEMA 7A to affect proliferation and migration was examined. HUVECs were exposed to SEMA 7A directly or to conditioned media collected from macrophages exposed to SEMA …
Nanoparticle Exposure Activates An Inositol Triphosphate Receptor-Dependent Elevation Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Apoptosis In Human Alveolar Lung Cells, Briana Manes, Sarah Alvarado
Nanoparticle Exposure Activates An Inositol Triphosphate Receptor-Dependent Elevation Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Apoptosis In Human Alveolar Lung Cells, Briana Manes, Sarah Alvarado
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
The signaling of cell stress in response to organelle dysfunction, toxin exposure, and mutation is complex; generating responses that can include adaptation, or in severe cases, cellular apoptosis. Nanoparticles (20-100 nm diameter) have been shown to induce cell stress in lung cells, potentially identifying a cause of lung disease in areas with high levels of particulate-based air pollution. This study examines the effect of carbon black (CB) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on stress signaling and apoptosis in cultured A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. CB and TiO2 powders were dispersed throughout a buffered solution containing bovine serum albumin using probe …