Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (30)
- Entomology (19)
- Applied Mathematics (18)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (17)
- Education (14)
-
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (12)
- Integrative Biology (9)
- Mathematics (7)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (7)
- Science and Mathematics Education (7)
- Ordinary Differential Equations and Applied Dynamics (6)
- Biodiversity (5)
- Neuroscience and Neurobiology (5)
- Higher Education (4)
- Immunology and Infectious Disease (4)
- Molecular Biology (4)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (4)
- Biochemistry (3)
- Bioinformatics (3)
- Diseases (3)
- Environmental Sciences (3)
- Microbiology (3)
- Physiology (3)
- Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (3)
- Systems Biology (3)
- Behavior and Ethology (2)
- Biophysics (2)
- Botany (2)
- Keyword
-
- Entomology (16)
- Veterinary Sciences (14)
- Aedes aegypti (8)
- Aedes albopictus (8)
- AEGYPTI DIPTERA (5)
-
- Aedes triseriatus (5)
- COMPETITION (5)
- Predation (5)
- WEST-NILE-VIRUS (4)
- Abundance (3)
- DESICCATION (3)
- DIPTERA (3)
- EGGS (3)
- FEEDING-BEHAVIOR (3)
- FLORIDA (3)
- MOSQUITOS (3)
- NORTH-AMERICA (3)
- Overcompensation (3)
- SIZE (3)
- Survival (3)
- TRISERIATUS DIPTERA (3)
- AEGYPTI (2)
- Aedes (2)
- Agent-based modeling (2)
- Aging (2)
- Amphigerontia (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
- BODY-SIZE (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Behavior (2)
- Publication Year
- Publication
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 136
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Impacts Of Harvest Date And Concurrent Alkali Pretreatment And Ensiling On Anaerobic Digestion Of Pennycress Biomass, Liangcheng Yang, Tuba Yasmin Lubna, Michael A. Moklak, Barsanti Gautum, Nicholas J. Heller, Robert L. Rhykerd, David E. Kopsell, John C. Sedbrook
Impacts Of Harvest Date And Concurrent Alkali Pretreatment And Ensiling On Anaerobic Digestion Of Pennycress Biomass, Liangcheng Yang, Tuba Yasmin Lubna, Michael A. Moklak, Barsanti Gautum, Nicholas J. Heller, Robert L. Rhykerd, David E. Kopsell, John C. Sedbrook
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is an annual cover crop known for its exceptional cold tolerance and high oil and protein yields. Pennycress can be integrated into a corn–soybean rotation in the U.S. However, the utilization of pennycress biomass remains largely unexplored, including assessing compositional changes through its growth and organic matter digestibility. This study harvested pennycress at three growth stages, characterized the biomass for anaerobic digestion (AD), and tested the effects of concurrent alkali pretreatment and ensiling on the biomass methane yield. Results showed that the biomass harvested when the plants were undergoing senescence (“third-harvest”) had higher contents of …
Effects Of Hemiparasites In Grassland Restorations Are Not Universal, Anna Scheidel, Victoria Borowicz
Effects Of Hemiparasites In Grassland Restorations Are Not Universal, Anna Scheidel, Victoria Borowicz
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
Root hemiparasites infiltrate the vascular tissue of host roots to acquire water and nutrients, which often reduces host growth. Hemiparasites are postulated to be keystone species in grassland communities if they suppress dominant species and increase plant community biodiversity, and ecosystem engineers if they increase nutrient accessibility for surrounding species. We examined keystone effects by evaluating species richness and evenness in 1 m2 plots in a recent prairie restoration where Castilleja sessiliflora was naturally present or absent, and in a longer-established prairie restoration with or without Pedicularis canadensis. We examined ecosystem engineer effects by determining nitrate and phosphate concentrations …
Kif3a Tail Domain Phosphorylation Is Not Required For Ciliogenesis In Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Ayoola Fasawe, Jessica M. Adams, Martin Engelke
Kif3a Tail Domain Phosphorylation Is Not Required For Ciliogenesis In Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Ayoola Fasawe, Jessica M. Adams, Martin Engelke
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
Primary cilia are essential signaling organelles that protrude from most cells in the body. Heterodimeric kinesin-2 (KIF3A/KIF3B/KAP3) powers several intracellular transport processes, including intraflagellar transport (IFT), essential for ciliogenesis. A long-standing question is how a motor protein is differentially regulated for specific cargos. Since phosphorylation of the KIF3A tail domain was suggested to regulate the activity of kinesin-2 for ciliogenesis, similarly as for the cytosolic cargo N-Cadherin, we set out to map the phosphosites involved in this regulation. Using well-characterized Kif3a−/−; Kif3b−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we performed ciliogenesis rescue assays with a library of phosphomimetic mutants comprising all …
Avian Extraembryonic Membranes Respond To Yolk Corticosterone Early In Development, Emily P. Harders, Mitch Agustin, Ryan T. Paitz
Avian Extraembryonic Membranes Respond To Yolk Corticosterone Early In Development, Emily P. Harders, Mitch Agustin, Ryan T. Paitz
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
During times of maternal stress, developing embryos can be exposed to elevated levels of glucocorticoids which can affect development and permanently alter offspring phenotype. In placental species, the placenta mediates fetal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids via metabolism, yet the placenta itself responds to glucocorticoids to regulate offspring growth and development. In oviparous species, maternal glucocorticoids can be deposited into the egg yolk and are metabolized early in development. This metabolism is mediated by the extraembryonic membranes, but it is unknown if the extraembryonic membranes also respond to maternal glucocorticoids in a way comparable to the placenta. In this study, we …
Characterization Of The Disease-Causing Mechanism Of Kif3b Mutations From Ciliopathy Patients, Jessica M. Adams, Caleb Sawe, Skye Rogers, Jordyn Reid, Ronith Dasari, Martin F. Engelke
Characterization Of The Disease-Causing Mechanism Of Kif3b Mutations From Ciliopathy Patients, Jessica M. Adams, Caleb Sawe, Skye Rogers, Jordyn Reid, Ronith Dasari, Martin F. Engelke
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
The heterodimeric kinesin-2 motor (KIF3A/KIF3B with accessory protein KAP3) drives intraflagellar transport, essential for ciliogenesis and ciliary function. Three point mutations in the KIF3B subunit have recently been linked to disease in humans (E250Q and L523P) and Bengal cats (A334T) (Cogné et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2020, 106, 893–904). Patients display retinal atrophy and, in some cases, other ciliopathy phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanism leading to disease is currently unknown. Here, we used Kif3a−/−;Kif3b−/− (knockout) 3T3 cells, which cannot make cilia, to characterize these mutations. While reexpression of KIF3B(E250Q) and KIF3B(L523P) did not rescue ciliogenesis, reexpression …
Minimization Of Diet For Optimum Consumption Using Linear Programming, Nita Ngozi Ezekwem, Aditi Ghosh
Minimization Of Diet For Optimum Consumption Using Linear Programming, Nita Ngozi Ezekwem, Aditi Ghosh
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Msis-Kondrashov: Does Humanizing Scientists Increase Student Science Identity And Quantitative Skills?, Rachel Hartnett
Msis-Kondrashov: Does Humanizing Scientists Increase Student Science Identity And Quantitative Skills?, Rachel Hartnett
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Integrating Quantitative Skills Into Biology Courses, Kathleen Hoffman, Sarah Leupen, Hannah Pie, Michelle Starz-Gaiano, Patricia Turner, Tory Williams
Integrating Quantitative Skills Into Biology Courses, Kathleen Hoffman, Sarah Leupen, Hannah Pie, Michelle Starz-Gaiano, Patricia Turner, Tory Williams
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
An Investigation Of Mitigation Measures On The Spread Of Covid-19 In A College Classroom Using Agent-Based Modeling, Saharsh Talwar, Anne E. Yust
An Investigation Of Mitigation Measures On The Spread Of Covid-19 In A College Classroom Using Agent-Based Modeling, Saharsh Talwar, Anne E. Yust
Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics
In this manuscript, we describe the process of using agent-based modeling in NetLogo to create a simulation of COVID-19 spread in a traditional college classroom. The model allows for an evaluation of different preventative measures implemented by the University of Pittsburgh, including the cohort classroom attendance model, mask and vaccine mandates, contact tracing, and classroom sanitation. Through the use of the model's interactive interface, the impact of adjusting specific measures by the institution could be visualized, providing a valuable tool for combating diseases that spread through droplet transmission.
A Novel Ruthenium-Silver Based Antimicrobial Potentiates Aminoglycoside Activity Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Gracious Yoofi Donkor, Greg M. Anderson, Michael Stadler, Patrick Ofori Tawiah, Carl D. Orellano, Kevin A. Edwards, Jan-Ulrik Dahl
A Novel Ruthenium-Silver Based Antimicrobial Potentiates Aminoglycoside Activity Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Gracious Yoofi Donkor, Greg M. Anderson, Michael Stadler, Patrick Ofori Tawiah, Carl D. Orellano, Kevin A. Edwards, Jan-Ulrik Dahl
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance combined with the decline in the discovery of novel antibiotics represents a major challenge for infectious disease control that can only be mitigated by investments in novel treatment strategies. Alternative antimicrobials, including silver, have regained interest due to their diverse mechanisms of inhibiting microbial growth. One such example is AGXX, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that produces highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inflict extensive macromolecular damage. Due to the connections identified between ROS production and antibiotic lethality, we hypothesized that AGXX could potentially increase the activity of conventional antibiotics. Using the gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas …
Experiencing Short Heat Waves Early In Development Changes Thermal Responsiveness Of Turtle Embryos To Later Heat Waves, Anthony Breitenbach, Rosario A. Marroquín-Flores, Ryan T. Paitz, Rachel M. Bowden
Experiencing Short Heat Waves Early In Development Changes Thermal Responsiveness Of Turtle Embryos To Later Heat Waves, Anthony Breitenbach, Rosario A. Marroquín-Flores, Ryan T. Paitz, Rachel M. Bowden
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
Although physiological responses to the thermal environment are most frequently investigated using constant temperatures, the incorporation of thermal variability can allow for a more accurate prediction of how thermally sensitive species respond to a rapidly changing climate. In species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), developmental responses to incubation temperature are mediated by several genes involved in gonadal differentiation. Kdm6b and Dmrt1 respond to cool incubation temperatures and are associated with testis development, while Foxl2 and Cyp19A1 respond to warm incubation temperatures and are associated with ovary development. Using fluctuating incubation temperatures, we designed two studies, one investigating how conflicting thermal …
Survival-Larval Density Relationships In The Field And Their Implications For Control Of Container-Dwelling Aedes Mosquitoes, Katherine G. Evans, Zoey R. Neale, Brendan Holly, Cecilia C. Canizela, Steven A. Juliano
Survival-Larval Density Relationships In The Field And Their Implications For Control Of Container-Dwelling Aedes Mosquitoes, Katherine G. Evans, Zoey R. Neale, Brendan Holly, Cecilia C. Canizela, Steven A. Juliano
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
Population density can affect survival, growth, development time, and adult size and fecundity, which are collectively known as density-dependent effects. Container Aedes larvae often attain high densities in nature, and those densities may be reduced when larval control is applied. We tested the hypothesis that density-dependent effects on survival are common and strong in nature and could result in maximal adult production at intermediate densities for Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes triseriatus. We surveyed naturally occurring densities in field containers, then introduced larvae at a similar range of densities, and censused the containers for survivors. We analyzed the survival-density …
Comparison Of Assessment And Teaching Modalities For A Quantitative Biology Course, Dmitry Kondrashov
Comparison Of Assessment And Teaching Modalities For A Quantitative Biology Course, Dmitry Kondrashov
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Stochastic Models Of Zoonotic Avian Influenza With Multiple Hosts, Environmental Transmission, And Migration In The Natural Reservoir, Kaia Smith
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Redox-Mediated Inactivation Of The Transcriptional Repressor Rcrr Is Responsible For Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli’S Increased Resistance To Reactive Chlorine Species, Sadia Sultana, Mary E. Crompton, Kennadi Meurer, Olivia Jankiewicz, Grace H. Morales, Colton Johnson, Elise Horbach, Kevin Pierre Hoffmann, Pooja Kr, Ritika Shah, Greg M. Anderson, Jonathan E. Schmitz, Maria Hadjifrangiskou, Alessandro Foti, Jan-Ulrik Dahl
Redox-Mediated Inactivation Of The Transcriptional Repressor Rcrr Is Responsible For Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli’S Increased Resistance To Reactive Chlorine Species, Sadia Sultana, Mary E. Crompton, Kennadi Meurer, Olivia Jankiewicz, Grace H. Morales, Colton Johnson, Elise Horbach, Kevin Pierre Hoffmann, Pooja Kr, Ritika Shah, Greg M. Anderson, Jonathan E. Schmitz, Maria Hadjifrangiskou, Alessandro Foti, Jan-Ulrik Dahl
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
The ability to overcome stressful environments is critical for pathogen survival in the host. One challenge for bacteria is the exposure to reactive chlorine species (RCS), which are generated by innate immune cells as a critical part of the oxidative burst. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is the most potent antimicrobial RCS and is associated with extensive macromolecular damage in the phagocytized pathogen. However, bacteria have evolved defense strategies to alleviate the effects of HOCl-mediated damage. Among these are RCS-sensing transcriptional regulators that control the expression of HOCl-protective genes under non-stress and HOCl stress. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the major causative agent …
Predation In Many Dimensions: Spatial Context Is Important For Meaningful Functional Response Experiments, Steven A. Juliano, Jonah A. Goughnour, Geoffrey D. Ower
Predation In Many Dimensions: Spatial Context Is Important For Meaningful Functional Response Experiments, Steven A. Juliano, Jonah A. Goughnour, Geoffrey D. Ower
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
For simplicity and to minimize variation, functional response experiments frequently use environments of simple physical structure and small size. Less attention is paid to similarity of the experimental environment to the natural environment where predation occurs. Assumptions about predator and prey use of space are often implied in the choice of experimental environment. We illustrate how these assumptions may affect conclusions with an experiment testing how arena size affects a functional response. Toxorhynchites rutilus preyed upon larval Culex restuans in containers differing in volume by 15x, but spanning a similar range of prey/liter. The most plausible Type II model included …
Non-Linear Relationships Between Density And Demographic Traits In Three Aedes Species, Logan A. Sauers, Steven A. Juliano, Kelsey E. Hawes
Non-Linear Relationships Between Density And Demographic Traits In Three Aedes Species, Logan A. Sauers, Steven A. Juliano, Kelsey E. Hawes
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
Understanding the relationship of population dynamics to density is central to many ecological investigations. Despite the importance of density-dependence in determining population growth, the empirical relationship between density and per capita growth remains understudied in most systems and is often assumed to be linear. In experimental studies of interspecifc competition, investigators often evaluate the predicted outcomes by assuming such linear relationships, ftting linear functions, and estimating parameters of competition models. In this paper, we experimentally describe the shape of the relationship between estimated population rate of change and initial density using laboratory-reared populations of three mosquito species. We estimated per …
Image-Based Microbiome Profiling Differentiates Gut Microbial Metabolic States, Sarwesh Rauniyar
Image-Based Microbiome Profiling Differentiates Gut Microbial Metabolic States, Sarwesh Rauniyar
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Between The Effects Of Empirical And Theoretical Knockouts On The Structure Of Social Networks, Karina Marie Morales, Christopher Stieha
A Comparison Between The Effects Of Empirical And Theoretical Knockouts On The Structure Of Social Networks, Karina Marie Morales, Christopher Stieha
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
How Within-Host Priority Effects Between Specialist And Generalist Pathogens Affect Disease Risk, Jing Jiao, Michael H. Cortez
How Within-Host Priority Effects Between Specialist And Generalist Pathogens Affect Disease Risk, Jing Jiao, Michael H. Cortez
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Poliomyelitis Virus Vs Smallpox: An Ordinary Differential Equation Model Comparison, Kate Mcgough
Poliomyelitis Virus Vs Smallpox: An Ordinary Differential Equation Model Comparison, Kate Mcgough
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Creepy Crawly Compensation: Examining The Costs Of Ectoparasite-Induced Compensatory Growth In Late-Stage Nestlings, Elliot Lusk
Creepy Crawly Compensation: Examining The Costs Of Ectoparasite-Induced Compensatory Growth In Late-Stage Nestlings, Elliot Lusk
Biology
When normal growth rates are suppressed, organisms may undergo a rapid period of increased growth in order to match the physical requirements of a developmental benchmark. This compensatory growth, however, is not without its costs, which can have varying consequences. In nestlings, a major benchmark is that of fledging, which requires advanced physical maturation. In previous studies, compensatory growth and some of its associated costs have been shown in prefledging nestlings but fledging-aged nestlings and the costs they may have sustained needs further study. Here we examine the costs of compensatory growth in late-stage European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) nestlings under …
Exotic Legume's Leaf Litter Beneficial To Prairie Plants, Asher Gardner
Exotic Legume's Leaf Litter Beneficial To Prairie Plants, Asher Gardner
Biology
Lespedeza cuneata is an invasive, non-native species of bush clover that is invading prairies where the native Lespedeza capitata grows. Both species of bush clover are legumes, which are nitrogen fixers. Legumes and their senescent leaves (i.e., “litter”) are well known for increasing levels of available nitrogen in the soil. However, the exotic L. cuneata also produces tannins that reduce the rate of germination in some prairie plants. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether these compounds in the litter of the invasive species of bush clover deter early growth in its native competitors, and to determine whether …
A Computational Investigation Of The Biophysical Mechanisms Underlying Thermotaxis In The Afd Neurons Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Zachary Mobille
A Computational Investigation Of The Biophysical Mechanisms Underlying Thermotaxis In The Afd Neurons Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Zachary Mobille
Theses and Dissertations
Thermotaxis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is studied at the cellular scale of the amphid finger-like ciliated (AFD) neurons, which have previously been shown to be essential for thermoreception. The voltage and calcium signals of AFD during temperature stimuli are described with ordinary differential equations. The primary calcium model is a modified version of that published by Kuramochi and Doi in 2017 to explain the calcium responses of the chemosensitive amphid single-ciliated right (ASER) neuron to fluctuations in extracellular salt concentration. To account for the effects of temperature, changes to the stimuli conditions under which inactivation takes place …
The Reemergence Of Eradicated Disease Due To Ecological Impact Of Climate Change, Claudia Kolakowski
The Reemergence Of Eradicated Disease Due To Ecological Impact Of Climate Change, Claudia Kolakowski
Theses and Dissertations
Global warming is radically changing aspects of the Earth. As scientists continue to research the effects, the ramifications of melting permafrost is coming to light. We build off of a previously existing Anthrax model in the hopes to include climate change as a factor in Anthrax spread. Chapter II develops a simplified version of an Anthrax model. Parameters for the model are found by using previous research and eigenvalues are analyzed in order to find thresholds and equilibria. Chapter III consider the general solutions of the model through eigenvalues and eigenvectors. This model is then extended to include a parameter …
Physiological Consequences Of Neuromodulation And The Cellular Properties That Underlie Them, Margaret Louise Demaegd
Physiological Consequences Of Neuromodulation And The Cellular Properties That Underlie Them, Margaret Louise Demaegd
Theses and Dissertations
Neuronal activity is a product of more than the underlying neuronal connections. Modulatory influences like changes in the animal’s environment, the animals physiological state, or the release of neuromodulators can dramatically alter neuronal activity. Modulatory influences can be beneficial for the animal because they are a source of neuronal and behavioral plasticity, and they can provide neuronal circuits with the robustness needed to continue to function in new conditions, states, or tasks.However, malfunctions of the modulatory system can disrupt neuronal activity and lead to pathologies. Predicting how modulatory influences will alter neuronal activity is challenging because the underlying cellular and …
Impacts Of Fungal Entomopathogens On Survival And Immune Responses Of Aedes Albopictus And Culex Pipiens Mosquitoes In The Context Of Native Wolbachia Infections, Jose L. Ramirez, Molly K. Schumacher, Geoff Ower, Debra E. Palmquist, Steven A. Juliano
Impacts Of Fungal Entomopathogens On Survival And Immune Responses Of Aedes Albopictus And Culex Pipiens Mosquitoes In The Context Of Native Wolbachia Infections, Jose L. Ramirez, Molly K. Schumacher, Geoff Ower, Debra E. Palmquist, Steven A. Juliano
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
Microbial control of mosquitoes via the use of symbiotic or pathogenic microbes, such as Wolbachia and entomopathogenic fungi, are promising alternatives to synthetic insecticides to tackle the rapid increase in insecticide resistance and vector-borne disease outbreaks. This study evaluated the susceptibility and host responses of two important mosquito vectors, Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens, that naturally carry Wolbachia, to infections by entomopathogenic fungi. Our study indicated that while Wolbachia presence did not provide a protective advantage against entomopathogenic fungal infection, it nevertheless influenced the bacterial / fungal load and the expression of select anti-microbial effectors and phenoloxidase cascade genes in …
Testing The Inefficient Task Stimulus Hypothesis: A Simple Computational Model For Hypometric Scaling Of Metabolism In Social Insects, Colin Lynch
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Bioinformatic Analysis Of Venom Proteins From Dasymutilla Occidentalis, Eva Gunawan
Bioinformatic Analysis Of Venom Proteins From Dasymutilla Occidentalis, Eva Gunawan
Theses and Dissertations
Venom proteins have been found in a wide range of species in the animal kingdom. These venoms serve various functions such as defense against predators, hunting for food, and parasitism for reproduction. Because of their diverse functions, venom proteins are utilized in agrochemical treatments for protection from pests as well as treatments to control human diseases. Venoms, including those coming from a range of insect species, have been manipulated for these purposes, but many remain uncharacterized. Currently, one of the orders that venom-based research is focusing on are parasitoids from the order Hymenoptera. The purpose of some venom proteins in …
Determination Of The Summer Origins Of American Kestrels ( Falco Sparverius ) Wintering In Northern And Central Illinois, Taylor P. Joray
Determination Of The Summer Origins Of American Kestrels ( Falco Sparverius ) Wintering In Northern And Central Illinois, Taylor P. Joray
Theses and Dissertations
The seasonal and interannual movements of the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) are not fully understood. Although one of the most widespread and abundant raptors found in North America, information on where many populations summer and overwinter is lacking. We used stable hydrogen isotope values obtained from feathers (δ2Hf) of known origin to create age-specific calibration functions for juvenile and adult American Kestrels. We then used these calibration functions to determine the most likely summer origins of the American Kestrels that wintered in northern and central Illinois during 2015-16, classified these individuals as year-round residents or wintering migrants, and validated these …