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Articles 421 - 450 of 714
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Counterproductive Mix Of Science And Theology: Review Of Astronomy And The Bible - Questions And Answers By Donald B. Deyoung, William D. Stansfield
Counterproductive Mix Of Science And Theology: Review Of Astronomy And The Bible - Questions And Answers By Donald B. Deyoung, William D. Stansfield
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Availability Of Dissolved Organic Matter Offsets Metabolic Costs Of A Protracted Larval Period For Bugula Neritina (Bryozoa), Collin H. Johnson, Dean E. Wendt
Availability Of Dissolved Organic Matter Offsets Metabolic Costs Of A Protracted Larval Period For Bugula Neritina (Bryozoa), Collin H. Johnson, Dean E. Wendt
Biological Sciences
For nearly a century researchers have investigated the uptake and utilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by marine invertebrates, but its contribution to their growth, reproduction, and survival remains unclear. Here, the benefit of DOM uptake was assessed for the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina (Linnaeus 1758) through performance comparisons of individuals in the presence and absence of DOM. The experiments were performed using B. neritina collected from floating docks in Beaufort, NC, USA from July to September 2004. Seawater was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation to reduce naturally occurring DOM, and then enriched with either 1 μM of palmitic acid or …
Discriminant Function Analysis In Marine Ecology: Some Oversights And Their Solutions, J. Wilson White, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
Discriminant Function Analysis In Marine Ecology: Some Oversights And Their Solutions, J. Wilson White, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
Biological Sciences
Marine ecologists commonly use discriminant function analysis (DFA) to evaluate the similarity of distinct populations and to classify individuals of unknown origin to known populations. However, investigators using DFA must account for (1) the possibility of correct classification due to chance alone, and (2) the influence of prior probabilities of group membership on classification results. A search of the recent otolith chemistry literature showed that these two concerns are sometimes ignored, so we used simulated data sets to explore the potential pitfalls of such oversights. We found that when estimating reclassification success for a training data set, small sample sizes …
The Role Of Local And Regional Processes In Structuring Larval Dragonfly Distributions Across Habitat Gradients, S J. Mccauley
The Role Of Local And Regional Processes In Structuring Larval Dragonfly Distributions Across Habitat Gradients, S J. Mccauley
Biological Sciences
Despite the importance of community-structuring processes operating at both local and regional scales, there is relatively little work examining both forces within a single system. I used a combination of observational and experimental approaches to examine the processes structuring larval dragonfly distributions in lentic habitats that encompass a gradient of both permanence and top predator type. I compared the relative vulnerability of species to predators from different portions of this gradient to assess the role of predation as a local force structuring communities. I also assessed the role of regional processes on species’ distributions by examining species’ propensity to disperse …
Arbor Day Confusion, William D. Stansfield
The Long And Winding Road: Influences Of Intracellular Metabolite Diffusion On Cellular Organization And Metabolism In Skeletal Muscle, Stephen T. Kinsey, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke
The Long And Winding Road: Influences Of Intracellular Metabolite Diffusion On Cellular Organization And Metabolism In Skeletal Muscle, Stephen T. Kinsey, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke
Biological Sciences
A fundamental principle of physiology is that cells are small in order to minimize diffusion distances for O2 and intracellular metabolites. In skeletal muscle, it has long been recognized that aerobic fibers that are used for steady state locomotion tend to be smaller than anaerobic fibers that are used for burst movements. This tendency reflects the interaction between diffusion distances and aerobic ATP turnover rates, since maximal intracellular diffusion distances are ultimately limited by fiber size. The effect of diffusion distance on O2 flux in muscle has been the subject of quantitative analyses for a century, but the …
Proximate Developmental Mediators Of Sexual Dimorphism In Size: Case Studies From Squamate Reptiles, Henry B. John‐Alder, Robert M. Cox, Emily N. Taylor
Proximate Developmental Mediators Of Sexual Dimorphism In Size: Case Studies From Squamate Reptiles, Henry B. John‐Alder, Robert M. Cox, Emily N. Taylor
Biological Sciences
Sexual dimorphism in size (sexual size dimorphism; SSD) is nearly ubiquitous, but the relative importance of genetic versus environmental control of SSD is not known for most species. We investigated proximate determinants of SSD in several species of squamate reptiles, including three species of Sceloporus lizards and the diamond‐backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). In natural populations of these species, SSD is caused by sexual differences in age‐specific growth. Males and females, however, may often share similar potentials for growth: growth is strongly responsive to the availability of food, and sexual differences in growth can be greatly suppressed or completely …
Nontarget Effects Of The Mosquito Adulticide Pyrethrin Applied Aerially During A West Nile Virus Outbreak In An Urban California Environment, Walter M. Boyce, Sharon P. Lawler, Jennifer M. Schultz, Shannon J. Mccauley, Lynn S. Kimsey, Michael K. Niemela, Carrie F. Nielsen, William K. Reisen
Nontarget Effects Of The Mosquito Adulticide Pyrethrin Applied Aerially During A West Nile Virus Outbreak In An Urban California Environment, Walter M. Boyce, Sharon P. Lawler, Jennifer M. Schultz, Shannon J. Mccauley, Lynn S. Kimsey, Michael K. Niemela, Carrie F. Nielsen, William K. Reisen
Biological Sciences
In August 2006, a pyrethrin insecticide synergized with piperonyl butoxide (EverGreen Crop Protection EC 60-6, McLaughlin Gormley King Company, Golden Valley, MN) was sprayed in ultralow volumes over the city of Davis, CA, by the Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District to control mosquitoes transmitting West Nile virus. Concurrently, we evaluated the impact of the insecticide on nontarget arthropods by 1) comparing mortality of treatment and control groups of sentinel arthropods, and 2) measuring the diversity and abundance of dead arthropods found on treatment and control tarps placed on the ground. We found no effect of spraying on nontarget sentinel …
Compartmentalization Of The Broad-Range Phospholipase C Activity To The Spreading Vacuole Is Critical For Listeria Monocytogenes Virulence, P.S. Marie Yeung, Yoojin Na, Amanda J. Kreuder, Helene Marquis
Compartmentalization Of The Broad-Range Phospholipase C Activity To The Spreading Vacuole Is Critical For Listeria Monocytogenes Virulence, P.S. Marie Yeung, Yoojin Na, Amanda J. Kreuder, Helene Marquis
Biological Sciences
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that multipliesin the cytosol of host cells and spreads directly from cellto cell by using an actin-based mechanism of motility. The broad-rangephospholipase C (PC-PLC) of L. monocytogenes contributes tobacterial escape from vacuoles formed upon cell-to-cell spread.PC-PLC is made as an inactive proenzyme whose activation requirescleavage of an N-terminal propeptide. During infection, PC-PLCis activated specifically in acidified vacuoles. To assess theimportance of compartmentalizing PC-PLC activity during infection,we created a mutant that makes constitutively active PC-PLC(the plcBpro mutant). Results from intracellular growth andcell-to-cell spread assays showed that the plcBpro mutant wassensitive to gentamicin, suggesting …
Correlated Evolution Of Genome Size And Seed Mass, Jeremy M. Beaulieu, Angela T. Moles, Ilia J. Leitch, Michael D. Bennett, John B. Dickie, Charles A. Knight
Correlated Evolution Of Genome Size And Seed Mass, Jeremy M. Beaulieu, Angela T. Moles, Ilia J. Leitch, Michael D. Bennett, John B. Dickie, Charles A. Knight
Biological Sciences
• Previous investigators have identified strong positive relationships between genome size and seed mass within species, and across species from the same genus and family. • Here, we make the first broad-scale quantification of this relationship, using data for 1222 species, from 139 families and 48 orders. We analyzed the relationship between genome size and seed mass using a statistical framework that included four different tests. • A quadratic relationship between genome size and seed mass appeared to be driven by the large genome/seed mass gymnosperms and the many small genome size/large seed mass angiosperms. Very small seeds were never …
Consequences Of A Genetic Bottleneck In California Condors: A Mitochondrial Dna Perspective, Mary S. Adams, Francis X. Villablanca
Consequences Of A Genetic Bottleneck In California Condors: A Mitochondrial Dna Perspective, Mary S. Adams, Francis X. Villablanca
Biological Sciences
The California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) has recently survived a severe population bottleneck. The entire population was reduced to 27 individuals in 1982. The number of genetic founders was even smaller. We obtained 482 base pairs of DNA sequence from the mitochondrial control region (CR) of all founder individuals that potentially represented unique maternal haplotypes. Four unique haplotypes were present in the genetic founders. One of these haplotypes is unique to Topatopa, a male brought into captivity in 1967, whose haplotype will not persist in the future population. Haplotype diversity (h) was reduced by 25% between the founder population …
Evaluation Of A Tissue Culture-Based Approach For Differentiating Between Virulent And Avirulent Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Strains Based On Cytotoxicity, P.S. Marie Yeung, Martin Wiedmann, Kathryn J. Boor
Evaluation Of A Tissue Culture-Based Approach For Differentiating Between Virulent And Avirulent Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Strains Based On Cytotoxicity, P.S. Marie Yeung, Martin Wiedmann, Kathryn J. Boor
Biological Sciences
The ability of only a subset of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains to cause human infection underscores the need for an analytical method that can effectively differentiate between pathogenic strains and those that do not cause disease. We tested the feasibility of a tissue culture-based assay to determine whether clinical isolates could be differentiated from nonclinical isolates based on relative isolate cytopathogenicity. To screen for cytotoxic capability, we measured relative extracellular lactate dehydrogenase as an indicator of host cell damage in five different mammalian cell lines in the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. Isolates originating from clinical sources exhibited 15.5 to 59.3% …
Spatial Variation In The Chemical Composition Of Natal Otholiths From A Reef Fish In The Galápagos Islands, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Robert R. Warner
Spatial Variation In The Chemical Composition Of Natal Otholiths From A Reef Fish In The Galápagos Islands, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Robert R. Warner
Biological Sciences
Over the past decade, researchers have used variation in the chemical composition of fish otoliths (earstones) to address a number of ecological questions, such as stock assessment and assessing rates of movement of individuals among habitats or life-history stages. However, these methods have yet to be applied successfully to the study of larval connectivity, a major unanswered question in marine ecology. Accomplishing this task requires a reference collection of pre-pelagic natal otoliths and accurate measurement of the chemical signatures of otoliths cores of recruits. We analyzed the chemical composition of natal otoliths from near-term benthic eggs of a damselfish (Stegastes …
Improved Monitoring Of Habs Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (Auv), Ian C. Robbins, G. J. Kirkpatrick, Shelley M. Blackwell, J. Hillier, Charles A. Knight, Mark A. Moline
Improved Monitoring Of Habs Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (Auv), Ian C. Robbins, G. J. Kirkpatrick, Shelley M. Blackwell, J. Hillier, Charles A. Knight, Mark A. Moline
Biological Sciences
Blooms of toxic algae are increasing in magnitude and frequency around the globe, causing extensive economic and environmental impacts. On the west coast of Florida, blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Davis) have been documented annually for the last 30 years causing respiratory irritation in humans, fish kills, and toxin bioaccumulation in shellfish beds. As a result, methods need to be established to monitor and predict bloom formation and transport to mitigate their harmful effects on the surrounding ecosystems and local communities. In the past, monitoring and mitigation efforts have relied on visual confirmation of water discoloration, fish kills, …
The Lasthenia Californica Story: It Started With Flavonoids, Bruce A. Bohm, Nishanta Rajakaruna
The Lasthenia Californica Story: It Started With Flavonoids, Bruce A. Bohm, Nishanta Rajakaruna
Biological Sciences
Our laboratory's study of Lasthenia (Asteraceae) began with an examination of flavonoid profiles of all species of the genus. The finding of two distinct flavonoid races within the L. californica complex led us to investigate environmental factors that might have been responsible for selection of these particular forms. Data were gathered on soil chemistry, allozyme variation, breeding biology, the effect of water stress on plant growth, and ion uptake physiology. In conjunction with workers at other institutions, DNA studies were undertaken to determine evolutionary relationships between the two races. These studies led to the recognition that racial differences had arisen …
Environmental Rearing Conditions Produce Forebrain Differences In Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, R. L. Kihslinger, Sean C. Lema, G. A. Nevitt
Environmental Rearing Conditions Produce Forebrain Differences In Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, R. L. Kihslinger, Sean C. Lema, G. A. Nevitt
Biological Sciences
Recent studies suggest that hatchery-reared fish can have smaller brain-to-body size ratios than wild fish. It is unclear, however, whether these differences are due to artificial selection or instead reflect differences in rearing environment during development. Here we explore how rearing conditions influence the development of two forebrain structures, the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon, in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawned from wild-caught adults. First, we compared the sizes of the olfactory bulb and telencephalon between salmon reared in a wild stream vs. a conventional hatchery. We next compared the sizes of forebrain structures between fish reared …
Textbooks: Expectations Vs. Reality: The Dna Story, William D. Stansfield
Textbooks: Expectations Vs. Reality: The Dna Story, William D. Stansfield
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Carotenoid And Food Availability On Resistance To A Naturally Occurring Parasite (Gyrodactylus Turnbulli) In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Gita R. Kolluru, Gregory F. Grether, Sandra H. South, Eric Dunlop, Andrea Cardinali, Linda Liu, Andreah Carapiet
The Effects Of Carotenoid And Food Availability On Resistance To A Naturally Occurring Parasite (Gyrodactylus Turnbulli) In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Gita R. Kolluru, Gregory F. Grether, Sandra H. South, Eric Dunlop, Andrea Cardinali, Linda Liu, Andreah Carapiet
Biological Sciences
Dietary carotenoids have been shown to confer immunological benefits to some species of animals in which males also use these pigments to attract mates. Thus, the potential exists for an allocation trade-off between the sexual and immunological functions of carotenoids. Food availability may also influence immune system function. The present study examined the effects of carotenoid and food availability on the resistance of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata Peters) from four wild populations to the parasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli Harris. Intermediate levels of carotenoid ingestion resulted in the lowest parasite loads, which suggests that carotenoids strengthen parasite resistance at low levels …
Testing An Ecophysiological Mechanism Of Morphological Plasticity In Pupfish And Its Relevance To Conservation Efforts For Endangered Devils Hole Pupfish, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Testing An Ecophysiological Mechanism Of Morphological Plasticity In Pupfish And Its Relevance To Conservation Efforts For Endangered Devils Hole Pupfish, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Biological Sciences
Imperiled species that have been translocated or established in captivity can show rapid alterations in morphology and behavior, but the proximate mechanisms of such phenotypic changes are rarely known. Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) are endemic to a single desert pool and are characterized by a small body, large head and eyes, and lack of pelvic fins. To lessen the risk of extinction, additional populations of C. diabolis were established in artificial refuges. Yet, pupfish in these refuges rapidly shifted to a larger body, smaller head and eyes, and greater body depth. Here we examined how food availability …
Population Divergence In Plasticity Of The Avt System And Its Association With Aggressive Behaviors In A Death Valley Pupfish, Sean C. Lema
Population Divergence In Plasticity Of The Avt System And Its Association With Aggressive Behaviors In A Death Valley Pupfish, Sean C. Lema
Biological Sciences
Behavioral differences can evolve rapidly in allopatry, but little is known about the neural bases of such changes. Allopatric populations of Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis) vary in aggression and courtship behaviors in the wild. Two of these wild populations were recently found to differ in brain expression of arginine vasotocin (AVT)—a peptide hormone shown previously to modulate aggression in pupfish. These populations have been isolated for less than 4000 years, so it remained unclear whether the differences in behavior and neural AVT phenotype were evolved changes or plastic responses to ecologically dissimilar habitats. Here, I tested whether these …
The Effects Of Dispersal And Recruitment Limitation On Community Structure Of Odonates In Artificial Ponds, Shannon J. Mccauley
The Effects Of Dispersal And Recruitment Limitation On Community Structure Of Odonates In Artificial Ponds, Shannon J. Mccauley
Biological Sciences
I examined the effects of isolation on the structure of both adult and larval dragonfly (Odonata: Anisoptera) communities forming at physically identical artificial ponds over two years. Isolation, whether measured by distance to the nearest source habitat or by connectivity to multiple sources, was significantly negatively related to the species richness of dragonflies observed at and collected in these ponds. These results indicate that dispersal and recruitment limitation acted as filters on the richness of communities at these artificial ponds. The richness of larval recruits in artificial ponds was lower than the richness of adult dispersers observed at ponds, and …
Analysis Of Treatment Effects On The Microbial Ecology Of The Human Intestine, Anna L. Engelbrektson, Joshua R. Korzenik, Mary Ellen Sanders, Brian G. Clement, Gregory Leyer, Todd R. Klaenhammer, Christopher L. Kitts
Analysis Of Treatment Effects On The Microbial Ecology Of The Human Intestine, Anna L. Engelbrektson, Joshua R. Korzenik, Mary Ellen Sanders, Brian G. Clement, Gregory Leyer, Todd R. Klaenhammer, Christopher L. Kitts
Biological Sciences
A large number of studies have investigated gastrointestinal microbiota and changes in the gastrointestinal community. However, a concern in these studies is how best to assess changes in gastrointestinal community structure. This paper presents two different human trials where the fecal terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism data sets were analyzed to search for treatment effects. Principle components analysis and cluster analysis based on grouped data are compared with analysis of data by subject using distance coefficients. Comparison with baseline within an individual before grouping by treatment provided a clearer indication of treatment effects than did an evaluation of data grouped …
Vertical Migration Of The Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia Brevis And The Impact On Ocean Optical Properties, Oscar Schofield, John Kerfoot, Kevin Mahoney, Mark A. Moline, Matthew Oliver, Steven Lohrenz, Gary Kirkpatrick
Vertical Migration Of The Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia Brevis And The Impact On Ocean Optical Properties, Oscar Schofield, John Kerfoot, Kevin Mahoney, Mark A. Moline, Matthew Oliver, Steven Lohrenz, Gary Kirkpatrick
Biological Sciences
Vertical migration behavior is found in many harmful algal blooms; however, the corresponding impact on ocean optical properties has not been quantified. A near-monospecific population of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis was encountered off the west coast of Florida. The community was tracked for 24 hours by following a Lagrangian drifter deployed at the beginning of the experiment. A suite of inherent optical and cellular measurements was made. Over the 24 hour period, the K. brevis population increased during the day with concentrations peaking in the late afternoon (1600 local daylight time) in the upper 2 m of the water column. …
Book Review: Evolution In Four Dimensions By Eva Jablonka And Marion J. Lamb, William D. Stansfield
Book Review: Evolution In Four Dimensions By Eva Jablonka And Marion J. Lamb, William D. Stansfield
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Carotenoid And Food Intake On Caudal Fin Regeneration In Male Guppies, Gita R. Kolluru, N. C. Ruiz, N. Del Cid, Eric Dunlop, Gregory F. Grether
The Effects Of Carotenoid And Food Intake On Caudal Fin Regeneration In Male Guppies, Gita R. Kolluru, N. C. Ruiz, N. Del Cid, Eric Dunlop, Gregory F. Grether
Biological Sciences
The trade‐offs involved in allocating carotenoid pigments and food to healing and regrowing damaged caudal fin tissue v. other functions were examined in guppies Poecilia reticulata, a species in which females prefer males that display larger amounts of carotenoids in their skin. The guppies were derived from four natural populations in Trinidad that differed in resource availability but not predation intensity. Carotenoids, food and site of origin did not affect either absolute or relative fin regrowth, which suggested that fin regeneration in guppies was not constrained by carotenoid availability. It is possible that carotenoid intake influences fin regeneration in …
Expression Profiling And Local Adaptation Of Boechera Holboellii Populations For Water Use Efficiency Across A Naturally Occurring Water Stress Gradient, Charles A. Knight, Heiko Vogel, Juergen Kroymann, Alice Shumate, Hanneke Witsenboer, Thomas Mitchell-Olds
Expression Profiling And Local Adaptation Of Boechera Holboellii Populations For Water Use Efficiency Across A Naturally Occurring Water Stress Gradient, Charles A. Knight, Heiko Vogel, Juergen Kroymann, Alice Shumate, Hanneke Witsenboer, Thomas Mitchell-Olds
Biological Sciences
We studied the physiological basis of local adaptation to drought in Boechera holboellii, a perennial relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, and used cDNA–AFLPs to identify candidate genes showing differential expression in these populations. We compared two populations of B. holboellii from contrasting water environments in a reciprocal transplant experiment, as well as in a laboratory dry-down experiment. We continuously measured the water content of soils using time domain reflectometery (TDR). We compared populations for their water use efficiency (WUE), root/shoot ratios (R:S) and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) in the field and in the laboratory, and identified candidate …
Luther Burbank: Honorary Member Of The American Breeders' Association, William D. Stansfield
Luther Burbank: Honorary Member Of The American Breeders' Association, William D. Stansfield
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Impacts Of Climate Change In Coastal Marine Systems, Christopher D.G. Harley, A. Randall Hughes, Kristin M. Hultgren, Benjamin G. Miner, Cascade J.B. Sorte, Carol S. Thornber, Laura F. Rodriguez, Lars Tomanek, Susan L. Williams
The Impacts Of Climate Change In Coastal Marine Systems, Christopher D.G. Harley, A. Randall Hughes, Kristin M. Hultgren, Benjamin G. Miner, Cascade J.B. Sorte, Carol S. Thornber, Laura F. Rodriguez, Lars Tomanek, Susan L. Williams
Biological Sciences
Anthropogenically induced global climate change has profound implications for marine ecosystems and the economic and social systems that depend upon them. The relationship between temperature and individual performance is reasonably well understood, and much climate-related research has focused on potential shifts in distribution and abundance driven directly by temperature. However, recent work has revealed that both abiotic changes and biological responses in the ocean will be substantially more complex. For example, changes in ocean chemistry may be more important than changes in temperature for the performance and survival of many organisms. Ocean circulation, which drives larval transport, will also change, …
Winter Profile Of Plasma Sex Steroid Levels In Free-Living Male Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnakes, Crotalus Atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae), Gordon W. Schuett, Roger A. Repp, Emily N. Taylor, Dale F. Denardo, Ryan L. Earley, Edward A. Van Kirk, William J. Murdoch
Winter Profile Of Plasma Sex Steroid Levels In Free-Living Male Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnakes, Crotalus Atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae), Gordon W. Schuett, Roger A. Repp, Emily N. Taylor, Dale F. Denardo, Ryan L. Earley, Edward A. Van Kirk, William J. Murdoch
Biological Sciences
Recent field studies on the reproductive ecology of western diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) from populations in southern Arizona showed significant differences in the concentration of plasma sex steroids (testosterone, T; 5α-dihydrotestosterone, DHT; and 17β-estradiol, E2) throughout the active season (March–October), and peak levels were coincident with the two mating periods (late summer and early spring). There is, however, no information on levels of sex steroids during winter. Similar to most snakes, hibernating individuals of C. atrox are typically inaccessible, but in southern Arizona, where environmental conditions are typically mild during winter, adult males frequently bask at …
A Reaction–Diffusion Analysis Of Energetics In Large Muscle Fibers Secondarily Evolved For Aerobic Locomotor Function, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke, Marilia Da Silva, Stephen T. Kinsey
A Reaction–Diffusion Analysis Of Energetics In Large Muscle Fibers Secondarily Evolved For Aerobic Locomotor Function, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke, Marilia Da Silva, Stephen T. Kinsey
Biological Sciences
The muscles that power swimming in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, grow hypertrophically, such that in juvenile crabs the cell diameters are