Biology Commons^™

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Investigation Of The Effects Of Sex And Electrical Venom Extraction On Venom Composition In The Southern Devil Scorpion, Vaejovis Carolinianus, Chase Czaykowsky

Capstone Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Antibacterial Properties Of Novel Amphiphiles, Ariana Simeone

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Hospital acquired infections, particularly antibiotic resistant infections, are a growing concern due to their infection and mortality rate, as well as their growing economic burden, and it has been estimated that by the year 2050 the associated mortality rate will be around 10 million deaths per year. A solution to this is better means of prevention, and amphiphiles, compounds with at least one hydrophilic head group and at least one hydrophobic tail, are promising candidates for stopping the spread of infectious bacteria. Novel amphiphiles with two bipyridinium head groups, separated by a hydrophobic carbon spacer of varying lengths, and each …

Toxicity Analysis Of 2’-Deoxyguanosine-N2-6-Aminopyrene And 2’-Deoxyguanosine-N2-8-Aminopyrene In Escherichia Coli, Emily Janeiro

Honors Scholar Theses

Cancer is a disease that stems from genomic errors that are not corrected properly by cellular repair mechanisms. Errors are more likely to form when organisms are subjected to DNA damage by mutagenic compounds. 1-Nitropyrene, a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (nitro-PAH), has been shown to be a potent mutagen that causes cancer. Nitro-PAHs can arise from diesel exhaust products in the environment. Out of all nitro-PAHs, 1-nitropyrene is found in largest quantities in the environment. This poses a great need to study its effects biochemically in order to address its toxicity in DNA. Other nitropyrene derivatives, including 1,6-dinitropyrene and 1,8-dinitropyrene, …

Volume 12, Haleigh James, Hannah Meyls, Hope Irvin, Megan E. Hlavaty, Samara L. Gall, Austin J. Funk, Karyn Keane, Sarah Ghali, Antonio Harvey, Andrew Jones, Rachel Hazelwood, Madison Schmitz, Marija Venta, Haley Tebo, Jeremiah Gilmer, Bridget Dunn, Benjamin Sullivan, Mckenzie Johnson

Incite: The Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Introduction, Dr. Roger A. Byrne, Dean

From the Editor, Dr. Larissa "Kat" Tracy

From the Designers, Rachel English, Rachel Hanson

Immortality in the Mortal World: Otherworldly Intervention in "Lanval" and "The Wife of Bath's Tale" by Haleigh James

Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Moroccan Olive Oils by HPLC by Hannah Meyls

Art by Hope Irvin

The Effects of Cell Phone Use on Gameplay Enjoyment and Frustration by Megan E. Hlavaty, Samara L. Gall, and Austin J. Funk

Care, No Matter What: Planned Parenthood's Use of Organizational Rhetoric to Expand its Reputation by Karyn Keane

Analysis of Petroleum Products for …

An Experiential Report On The Thayer Method Of Teaching Across College-Level Chemistry, Biology, Math, And Physics Courses, Kevin P. O'Halloran, Sairam Tangirala, Fengjie Sun, Leonard E. Anagho, Gerald Agbegha, Clay Runck, David Roth, Amy H. Erickson

Georgia Journal of Science

The Thayer method of instruction is a little-known active learning technique that dates back to 1817 at the U.S. Military Academy. This study describes the implementation and statistical evaluation of an adaptation of the Thayer method in a variety of college science and math courses. All courses had five characteristics in common: (i) students were given a daily reading schedule and instructed to prepare before class, (ii) each class started with a question and answer session, (iii) class time minimized the use of lecture, (iv) class time maximized the use of active learning, and (v) students were frequently quizzed. A …

Senior Project: An Investigative Study Into The Bacterial Contamination Of Little Black Creek, Margaret I. Brenneman

Honors Projects

An investigation of Escherichia coli concentrations in a west Michigan stream was conducted to determine sources of fecal contamination that impact water quality. Little Black Creek (LBC) is located in Muskegon County and discharges into Lake Michigan at the P.J. Hoffmaster Campground Beach. Often referred to as an “indicator bacteria,” water contaminated with E. coli has a high probability to contain other enteric pathogens as well. Beach water testing in 2020 using Colilert-18 methods revealed E. coli levels of 579 cfu/100mL in the creek discharge area that exceeded total body contact criteria of 300 cfu/100mL. A follow-up study of the …

Current And Future Applications Of 3d Printing Using Custom-Made Materials, Bridger T. Irons

Honors Thesis

The use of 3D printers has increased exponentially from its inception in the 1980s. Recently, the ability to design and create detailed objects has drawn the attention of many who wish to capitalize on this highly customizable process. With much of the focus in this industry being placed on finding new printable materials, many are overlooking the possibility of modifying existing materials. The aim of our research was to modify the materials already being used by 3D printers to alter their properties and explore future possible applications. We examined the addition of graphene powder, carbon microfibers, and other nanoparticles to …

Study Of Deformation Parameters (Β2, Δ) For 18,20,22,24,26,28ne Isotopes In Sdpf Shell, Ahmed H. Ali, Maha Taha Idrees

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The quadrupole deformation is basic to study the shape transitions; it is possible to predict many important properties of even-even nuclei as a function of the deformation parameter. The deformations of nuclei are important for understanding their shapes prolate or oblate. The quadrupole deformation parameters were calculated by the transition probability B (E2) for ^{18, 20, 22, 24, 26,28}Ne isotopes, were adopted different interactions three. The calculations are performed with the Bohr-Mottelson (B-M) effective charges, which represent the effect of the core-polarizations. Also, the deformation parameters were calculated for different nuclei and adopted two methods of calculation: from reduced …

Investigation Of Glucose Oxidation At Gold Nanoparticles Deposited At Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode By Theoretical And Experimental Methods., Farhat Saira, Humaira Razzaq, Misbah Mumtaz, Safeer Ahmad, Muhammad Aftab Rafiq, Azra Yaqub, Nabiha Dilshad, Ayesha Ihsan, Muhammad Masood Ul Hasan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In the current research work, AuNPs-CNTs nanocomposite was synthesized chemically and decoration of AuNPs on the surface of MWCNTs was confirmed by UV-Vis, SEM and XPS analysis. Synthesized nanocomposite was utilized for its application towards non-enzymatic glucose sensing by modifying glassy carbon electrode with nanocomposite employing electrochemical techniques. In addition, theoretical calculations were performed by Density Functional Theory (DFT), employing B3YLP with basis set 6- 311+G(d,p) in gaseous phase and LANL2DZ basis set. Both theoretical and experimental results predicted Au-CNTs composite as a better candidate for glucose oxidation as compared to CNTs and AuNPs alone, owing to the synergistic effect …

A Study To Explore The Ldlr Gene Polymorphisms Contribute To Atorvastatin Response In A Sample Of Iraqi Population With Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease, Shaimaa Y. Abdulfattah, Salwa J. Abdullah, Hilal B. Alsaffar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Genetic factors will determine the higher variability, which found in response to lipid reduction treatment (statins). However, due to ethnicity the frequency and effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may differ. The main aim of lipid lowering medical treatment is to eventually prevent the endogenous production of cholesterol through inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, The resulting decrease in hepatocyte cholesterol concentration triggers up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor expression by inducing sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 2 cleavage, as SREBP-2 activates LDL receptor transcription. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) …

Using Freak Descriptor To Classify Plasma Influence In Mice Sperm, Ekhlas Falih, Alaa Noori Mazhar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Numerous classification mechanisms anticipate the class's instances to be carried out as the features' vectors, namely the points in a feature's space. It is oftentimes a chance to make an informative exemplification of an image's feature vector for classification problems in computer vision like utilizing global descriptors for the texture description or shape description. The proposed methodology is to classify the sperm image in mice that has been affected through plasma and this methodology consists of three stages. The points of interest could be elicited from sperm plasma images in the first stage by utilizing Adaptive and Generic Corner detector …

Editorial Board

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

No abstract provided.

Semester-Long Course-Based Research Project In Second-Semester Organic Chemistry: Synthesizing Potential Lead Compounds For The Treatment Of A Neglected Tropical Disease, Kerry L. Barnett, Kevin M. Shea, Catherine Mcgeough, Kristine Trotta, Steven A. Williams, Minh Ly, Kathryn Aloisio

Chemistry: Faculty Publications

A semester-long research project for second-semester organic chemistry lab sections was developed. Student projects were based on preliminary data from faculty research that suggested the natural product neurolenin B to be a treatment for lymphatic filariasis. Students isolated neurolenins from the Central American plant Neurolaena lobata and proposed syntheses of previously unknown analogues using reactions learned in first- and second-semester organic chemistry. Using literature-based procedures, students ran reactions on neurolenins and analyzed their results by TLC and NMR spectroscopy. The semester culminated with a public poster session and final report using the Organic Letters template. Students in a total of …

Hydrophilic Porphyrins Based Chemosensors For First Transition Series Metal Ions [Chemistry], Sunaina Singh

Open Educational Resources

General Chemistry is a two-semester course (General Chemistry I, SCC 201 and General Chemistry II, SCC 202) required for majors in Biology and Environmental Sciences.

This lab experiment, aligned to LaGuardia Community College’s Inquiry and Problem Solving Core Competency and Written Communication Ability was designed for General Chemistry I (SCC 201 Honors) course. Honors courses in LaGuardia emphasize critical thinking, analytical writing, and introduce students to research. This lab experiment provides an opportunity for students to engage in hands-on laboratory work, to develop laboratory skills, and to conduct research in the classroom by using two water soluble porphyrins to detect …

Yeast Copper Proteins And Reactive Oxygen Species In Effecting Lifespan, Megan Bestwick

Post-Grant Reports

Mitochondria are essential organelles in most eukaryotic cells because of their role in metabolism and the production of ATP by the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway, as well as other key cellular processes. Metal cofactors, such as copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), are incorporated into OXPHOS protein complexes of yeast located within the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Misincorporation or modulation of these available metals in mitochondrial enzymes leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are reactive molecules containing oxygen such as peroxides, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Yeast are a good model for studying aging and the effect …

The Allometry Of Daily Energy Expenditure In Hummingbirds: An Energy Budget Approach, Anushu Shankar, Donald R. Powers, Liliana M. Dávalos, Catherine H. Graham

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

1. Within-clade allometric relationships represent standard laws of scaling between energy and size, and their outliers provide new avenues for physiological and ecological research. According to the metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis, metabolic rates as a function of mass are expected to scale closer to 0.67 when driven by surface-related processes (e.g. heat or water flux), while volume-related processes (e.g. activity) generate slopes closer to one.

2. In birds, daily energy expenditure (DEE) scales with body mass (M) in the relationship log (DEE)=2.35+0.68×log (M), consistent with surface-level processes driving the relationship. However, taxon-specific patterns differ from the scaling slope of all birds. …

Cu(Ii) Phenanthroline-Phenazine Complexes Dysregulate Mitochondrial Function And Stimulate Apoptosis, Garret Rochford, Zara Molphy, Kevin Kavanagh, Malachy Mccann, Michael Devereux, Andrew Kellett, Orla L. Howe

Articles

Herein we report an in-depth study on the cytotoxic mechanism of action of four developmental cytotoxic copper(II) complexes: [Cu(phen)2]2+ (Cu-Phen); [Cu(DPQ)(Phen)]2+ (Cu-DPQ-Phen); [Cu(DPPZ)(Phen)]2+; and [Cu(DPPN)(Phen)]2+ (where Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, DPQ = dipyrido[3,2-f:20,30-h]quinoxaline, DPPZ = dipyrido[3,2-a:20,30-c]phenazine, and DPPN = benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:20,30-c]phenazine). This complex class is known for its DNA intercalative properties and recent evidence—derived from an in vivo proteomic study—supports the potential targeting of mitochondrial function. Therefore, we focused on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis related to cytotoxic activity and the potential impact these agents have on mitochondrial function. The Cu(II) complexes demonstrated superior activity regardless of aromatic extension within the phenazine ligand to the …

The Role Of Influenza Infection On Cell Metabolism, Megha Mokkapati

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

In this particular study global metabolomics LCMS data was analyzed to determine the effect of influenza infection on host metabolic processes. Specifically, wild-type male and female mouse lung samples from mice infected with PR8 (H1N1) or both PR8 and a reinfection of X31 (H3N2) were analyzed. The LC/MS(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) based global metabolomics will be performed on the samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography to separate polar analytes from the tissues (Dettmer, Aronov, 2007). Metabolites impacted by influenza infection in all samples will be analyzed to compare male and female mice, as well as differences between PR8 infection and X31 …

Deriving Statistical Inference From The Application Of Artificial Neural Networks To Clinical Metabolomics Data, Kevin M. Mendez

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Metabolomics data are complex with a high degree of multicollinearity. As such, multivariate linear projection methods, such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) have become standard. Non-linear projections methods, typified by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) may be more appropriate to model potential nonlinear latent covariance; however, they are not widely used due to difficulty in deriving statistical inference, and thus biological interpretation. Herein, we illustrate the utility of ANNs for clinical metabolomics using publicly available data sets and develop an open framework for deriving and visualising statistical inference from ANNs equivalent to standard PLS-DA methods.

Expression, Purification, And Characterization Of Recombinant Human Npas2, Brenda Moreno

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Many living organisms have biological clocks known as circadian rhythms that control various physiological and behavioral processes, tailored with the day and night. At the cellular level, the circadian clock drives daily rhythms with a transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) established by multiple transcription factors and genes under their regulation. Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) and Brain and Muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) are two of those transcription factors, initiating the TTFL by forming a heterodimeric complex that bind to DNA promoters. Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a functional analog to CLOCK. Less knowledge about NPAS2, in contrast …

Mitochondria Imaging And Targeted Cancer Treatment, Tinghan Zhao

Dissertations

Mitochondria are essential organelles as the site of respiration in eukaryotic cells and are involved in many crucial functions in cell life. Dysfunction of mitochondrial metabolism and irregular morphology have been frequently found in human cancers. The capability of imaging mitochondria as well as regulating their microenvironment is important both scientifically and clinically. Mitochondria penetrating peptides (MPPs), certain peptides that are composed of cationic and hydrophobic amino acids, are good candidates for mitochondria targeting. Herein, a novel MPP, D-argine-phenylalanine-D-argine-phenylalanine-D-argine-phenylalanine-NH₂ (rFrFrF), is conjugated with a rhodamine-based fluorescent chromophore (TAMRA). The TAMRA-rFrFrF probe exhibits advantageous properties for long-term mitochondria tracking of …

Design Of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique, Qais F. Hasan, Dler A. Al-Mamany, Omer K. Fayadh

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Researches available in literature interrelating neural networks to civil engineering design problems, especially for beep beams, are very rare. Therefore, an optimization algorithm is developed and verified in this study and coded using MATLAB functions to determine the optimum cost design of reinforced concrete deep beams. ACI 318-14 code method is used benefiting from iterative particle swarm optimization technique due to its efficiency and reliability. Minimizing total cost is used as the objective function in terms of four decision variables. Self-adaptive penalty function technique is used to handle constraints for each of the 300 randomly selected particles, and in each …

Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm For Solving Fuzzy Multi-Objective Bed Allocation Model, Abdulhakeem Luqman Hasan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

With the improvement of the medical services frameworks rivalry, hospitals face more and more challenges. In the interim, allotment of resource has a crucial influence on performing competitive benefits in a hospitals. To choose the suitable beds number is one of the most essential tasks in hospital administration. Anyway, in true condition, bed allotment choice is a multiple-side problem with weakness and haphazardness of the information available. It is so sophisticated. Therefore, the research about bed allotment difficulty is comparatively rare under considering multiple departments, nursing hours, and stochastic information about arrival and service of patients. In this paper, we …

Evaluation Of Atmospherically Gases Using Models Flaash And Quac To Hyper-Spectral Imagery, Asmaa Maher

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The important step is correction of the effect of atmospheric on hyper-spectral imagery of the VIS “visible”, short wave & NIR “near-infrared” spectral range. In general, the cause for limiting the use of hyperspectral images is the atmospheric effects, so, atmospheric correction is necessary for any accurate processing. In this work, two atmospheric correction techniques have been applied on Hyper-spectral image. From the raw original image and also from the FLAASH and QUAC atmospheric corrected images the spectra of vegetation, water and soil were extracted. The acquisition data for study contained Hyperion bands for year “2015” images over each of …

Editorial Board

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

No abstract provided.

Titration Of A Newtown Creek Environmental Water Sample To Determine The Amount Of Chloride Ions [Chemistry], Kevin Mark

Open Educational Resources

Main Course Learning Objectives:

The General Chemistry 1 (SCC 201) course has multiple course learning objectives, which articulate key introductory chemistry concepts that all STEM students should possess. In particular, the Newtown Creek titration experiment aligns with SCC 201 learning objectives of:

1. Demonstrate an appreciation of the role of chemistry in various aspects of life
2. Perform basic laboratory skills such as the proper execution of titration techniques
3. Describe and explain the fundamental chemistry concept of solution concentration
4. Analyze and represent experimental data in tables and graphs, interpret experimental results and write laboratory reports

In the SCC 201 laboratory, students are …

Microwave Solventless Synthesis Of Meso-Tetrakis (Pentafluorophenyl)Poprphyrin (Tppf20) And Tris(Pentafluorophenyl))Corrole [Chemistry], Sunaina Singh

Open Educational Resources

Organic chemistry is a two-semester course (Organic Chemistry I, SCC 251 and Organic Chemistry II, SCC 252) required for majors in Biology. The SCC 251 course has been designated for the Integrative Learning Core Competency as well the Digital Communication Ability. This course emphasizes the synthesis, structure, reactivity, and mechanisms of reaction of organic compounds. Laboratory stresses various organic synthetic and analytic techniques (distillation, extraction, chromatography and spectroscopy).

This lab provided an opportunity for students to go deeper with the chemistry content by correlating to the concepts they learned in General Chemistry courses such as Valence shell electron pair repulsion …

Properties Of Concrete Modified With Ultra-Fine Slag, Panga Narasimha Reddy, Javed Ahmed Naqash

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) can be used as a replacement of cement in the construction industry to minimize the drawbacks of normal concrete such as the emission of carbon dioxide so as to be eco-friendly. This paper presents the effect of ultra-fine slag (i.e. 25% of alccofine) as a replacement of cement for different water to binder ratios (i.e. 0.38, 0.4 and 0.45). The effect of alccofine on the concrete strength properties were studied at 7 and 28 days wherein considerable strength enhancement was observed compared to normal concrete. Thermogravimetric analysis was also carried out in which mass loss …

Analytical Approach To Investigation Of Free Vibration Of Thin Rectangular Plate Immersed In Fluid, Resting On Winkler And Pasternak Foundations, Obanishola Sadiq, Gbeminiyi Sobamowo, Saheed Salawu

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Dynamic behaviour of free vibration of rectangular plate is investigated. This study considered an analytical approach to investigation of free vibration of thin rectangular plate immersed in fluid, resting on Winkler and Pasternak foundations.The governing nonlinear partial differential equation is analyzed using two-dimensional differential transform method. The accuracy of the analytical solutions obtained is verified with existing results in literature and confirmed in excellent agreement. Thereafter, the analytical solutions are used for investigation of effect of elastic foundation, fluid and aspect ratio on vibrating plate.From the result, it is observed that, increase elastic foundation parameters increases natural frequency, increase aspect …