Biodiversity Commons^™

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 24, No.4 December 1992

The Prairie Naturalist

NEW VASCULAR PLANT RECORDS FOR NORTIl DAKOTA ▪ B. L. Heidel, A. J. Duxbury, W.T. Barker, and J. R. Challey

GROWTH OF BLUEGILLS AND YELLOW PERCH IN SOUTH DAKOTA WATERS ▪ D.w. Willis, J.P. Lott, C.S. Guy, and D.O. Lucchesi

SEASONAL VARIATION IN SAMPLING DATA FOR WALLEYE AND SAUGER COLLECTED WITH GILL NETS FROM LAKE SAKAKAWEA, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ S.W. Mero andD.W. Willis

OBSERVATIONS ON NESTING OF THE AMERICAN BITTERN IN NORTIlWEST MINNESOTA ▪ W D. Svedarsky

FOOD HABITS OF MOURNING DOVES IN EAST CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J.T. Van't Hul and J.A. Jenks

DISTRIBUTION OF TIlE PYGMY SHREW IN …

Inventory Of Rare Plant Species In The Pine Ridge Area Of Nebraska (Dawes And Sioux County, Nebraska), Michael I. Fritz, Joyce Philips Hardy, Steven B. Rolfsmeier

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The purpose of this project was to conduct a systematic inventory of rare plant species on the Pine Ridge District of the Nebraska National Forest. The objective of the inventory was to locate rare plant occurrences and compile information on their location, status and any possible threats. Four areas within the Pine Ridge District were identified as priority areas for the inventory fieldwork. The four tracts included the Soldier Creek Wilderness Area, a tract encompassing the East and West Ash Creek drainages, a middle unit tract, and a tract which straddles U.S. Highway 385 and encompasses a number of timber …

Lecture Notes For Nscp-Funded Short Course - Remote Sensing Training For Resource Officers And Farmers, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Soil conservation survey collection

The aim of this course is to provide an introduction to remote sensing, and knowledge and practice in image processing techniques for the extraction of information from remotely sensed data. Aerial photography is the original form of earth remote sensing, and is still a widely used and important data source for many purposes. This course is directed principally at the analysis of digital image data recorded by satellite or airborne platforms. Remote sensing is considered to be the methodology of collecting and interpreting target information over a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 24, No.3 September 1992

The Prairie Naturalist

VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE IN BLOWOUT PENSTEMON ▪ T. R. Flessner and J. Stubbendieck

STATUS OF HAPLOPAPPUS FREMONTII A. GRAY SSP. MONOCEPHALUS (A. NELSON) HALL [ASTERACEAE] IN COLORADO ▪ K.A. Schulz and R.B. Shaw

HABITAT CHANGES ABOVE AND BELOW WATER PROJECTS ON THE NORTH PLATTE AND SOUTH PLATTE RIVERS IN NEBRASKA ▪ P. M. McDonald and J.G. Sidle

INSECT FLORAL VISITORS TO FOUR SPECIES OF TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE COMPOSITE (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) ▪ J. A. Dickinson and M. J. McKone

SUMMER BIRD USE OF KANSAS WINDBREAKS ▪ T.T. Cable, R.L. Schroeder, V. Brack, Jr., and P.S. Cook

RING-NECKED PHEASANTS AND FOOD PLOT SIZE (GALLIFORMES: …

Distribution And Ecological Significance Of On-Farm Bushland Remnants In The Southern Wheatbelt Region Of Western Australia, F Mollemans, G Beeston

Soil conservation survey collection

The Southern Wheatbelt Region Remnant Vegetation Survey was funded by the Save the Bush program, and aimed at surveying pieces of on-farm remnant vegetation in the "Great Southern" of Western Australia. At the outset a total of 13 shires were selected for survey, namely: Broomehill, Corrigin, Dumbleyung, Katanning, Kent, Kondinin, Kulin, Lake Grace, Narrogin, Tambellup, Wagin, Wickepin, Woodanilling. However, time constraints (available funding indicated a time frame of 40 weeks for the project to be completed) meant that subsequently Kent and Lake Grace shires (two of the largest) had to be dropped from the survey to allow for proper completion …

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The Prairie Naturalist Volume 24. No.2 June 1992

The Prairie Naturalist

FIRST FLOWERING DATES AND FLOWERING PERIODS OF PRAIRIE PLANTS AT WOODWORTH. NORTH DAKOTA ▪ J. M. Callow, J A. Kanlrud, and K.F. Higgins

PROBABLE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WOODCHUCK IN NORTH CENTRAL KANSAS ▪ J.R. Choate and T. W. Haner

NEST AND NEST SITE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME GROUND-NESTING NON-PASSERINE BIRDS OF NORTHERN GRASSLANDS ▪ H A. Kantrud and K.F. Higgins

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA ▪ R.N. Randall

COMPARISON OF SIZE STRUCfURE AND CATCH RATE FOR LARGEMOUTH BASS SAMPLES COLLECTED BY ELECTROFlSHING AND ANGLING ▪ DJ. Isaak, T.D. Hill, and D.W. Willis

MULE DEER HABITAT USE IN THE NORTH DAKOTA …

A Comparison Of Benthic Invertebrate Distributions In Four Ohio River Basin Wetlands, Michael D. Hardin

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Michael D. Hardin on April 1, 1992.

Survey Of Mollusks Of The Platte River: Final Report, Patricia W. Freeman, Keith Perkins

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A survey of the mollusks of the Platte River was carried out during the summers of 1990 and 1991. With the exception of the Big Bend Reach of the River in Dawson, Buffalo and Hall counties, no unionids (mussels) were found in the main channel of the river. We found 11 species of mussels along the river and 16 species of snails at 49 different sites from east to west across the state. We found the Asiatic clam, a known, non-native, pest species, for the first time in the state placing it several hundred miles west of the present eastern …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 24, No.1 March 1992

The Prairie Naturalist

HABITAT CONSERVATION FOR NESTING LEAST TERNS AND PIPING PLOVERS ON THE PLATTE RIVER, NEBRASKA ▪ J. W. Ziewitz, J. G. Sidle, and J. J. Dinan

DIURNAL FLIGHT TIME OF WINTERING CANADA GEESE: CONSIDERATION OF REFUGES AND FLIGHT ENERGETICS ▪ J. E. Austin and D. D. Humburg

MYCOTOXIN OCCURRENCE IN WASTE FIELD CORN AND INGESTA OF WILD GEESE IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS ▪ K. F. Higgins, R. M. Barta, R. G. Neiger, G. E. Rottinghaus, and R. I. Sterry

NOTES

Cost of Nest Reuse by Western Kingbirds ▪ T. M. Bergin

A New Record for Falcate Spurge in the Midwest …

Specimen Catalog, Jonathan L. Dunnum

Division of Mammals - Field Notes and Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Specimen Catalog, Tom A. Collins

Division of Mammals - Field Notes and Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Habitat Use By Florida Sandhill Cranes On The Kissimmee Prairie In Central Florida, Mary Anne Bishop

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Radio-tagged Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pratensis) were monitored for habitat use during 1985 and 1986 on the Kissimmee Prairie in central Florida. For both breeding and nonbreeding cranes, 93 % of the daytime locations were in 3 habitat types: cropland and plowed pasture, improved pasture, and palustrine emergent wetlands. Improved pasture was the most frequently used daytime habitat for both social classes. Radio locations were divided among 4 time blocks (3 diurnal, 1 nocturnal) and 4 3-month seasons. Time-of-day effects for use of wetlands and improved pasture were only marginally significant (1' < 0.08 and l' < 0.09, respectively) for breeders and not significant (1' < 0.30 and l' < 0.43, respectively) for nonbreeders. There was no significant difference in habitat use by breeders among seasons. Chi-square analyses of diurnal locations indicated that 4 of the 6 breeding cranes monitored used palustrine emergent wetlands more than their availability. The selection for wetlands reflects not only the rich food sources available, but also their use as midday loafing and drinking sites and as a source of cover that the upland habitats do not offer.

The Ecology Of Native Grassland Macroinvertebrates And Feeding Ecology Of Sandhill Cranes, Craig A. Davis, Paul A. Vohs

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

The ecology of native grassland macroinvertebrates along the Platte River in central Nebraska and their role in the feeding ecology of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) was examined on 3 native grasslands along the Platte River during late winter-early spring, 1989 and 1990. Four hundred forty-four soil samples from the study area were sorted for macroinvertebrates. Environmental factors such as soil moisture, water table depth, soil texture, and plant species composition were recorded from each soil collection site. Fifteen sandhill cranes, observed feeding for 40 minutes, were collected from 1 of the study areas. Maeroinvertebrates were collected from 4 …

Progress In Satellite Tracking Cranes, David H. Ellis, Dwight G. Smith, Glenn H. Olsen, Mark R. Fuller, Steven E. Landfried, Hiroyoshi Higuchi, Charles H. Vermillion

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

We review the history of tracking cranes with satellite telemetry and identify some of the difficulties in designing satellite transmitters and harnesses for cranes. Miniaturization of these transmitters and a plethora of harnessing experiments since 1989 allow us to recommend limited application of this technology to all species of cranes. We are still uncertain, however, if cranes harnessed with satellite telemetry devices are able to reproduce after migration. Because of this uncertainty, we urge caution in the use of this technology, especially with breeding adults in severely endangered popUlations. This manuscript also describes continuing research needs.

Contaminant Residues In Sandhill Cranes Killed Upon Striking Powerlines In Central Nebraska, Timothy E. Fannin

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

In 1989 and 1990, 58 sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) were collected along the central Platte River in Nebraska during a study of mortality caused by powerline impact. Brains were assayed for acetylcholinesterase activity; gut contents were analyzed for residues of 25 organophosphate and 6 carbamate compounds; and livers were analyzed for 20 inorganics (including lead, mercury, and boron) and 22 organochlorine chemicals. Brain acetylcholinesterase activities appeared to be within normal ranges, and no measurable organophosphate or carbamate residues were found in the gut contents of 5 birds with the lowest brain enzyme activities. Heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane. p,p' -DDE, …

Distribution Of Sandhill Cranes In The North Platte River Valley: 1980 And 1989, Martin J. Folk, Thomas C. Tacha

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

We observed the abundance, diurnal distribution, and habitat use of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) in the North Platte River Valley (NPRV) in 1989 for comparisons to similar data from 1979 to 1980. Sandhill cranes traveled farther from nocturnal roosts to diurnal feeding sites and use of the NPRV was lower in 1989 as compared to 1979~80. Presence of cranes in corn stubble and pasture increased from 1980 to 1989, while presence in alfalfa and palustrine wetlands decreased. Plowing of corn stubble fields and drought conditions in 1989 may have influenced crane distribution, abundance, and habitat use.

Identification Of Segregating Haplotypes Of The Major Histocompatibility Complex In Cranes, Susan I. Jarvi, George F. Gee, W. Elwood Briles, Marcia M. Miller

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

The major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) is thought to exist in all vertebrate species. In most species, a high degree of polymorphism is maintained in this region at mUltiple loci which encode molecules that serve in the presentation of foreign antigens to T lymphocytes (Klein 1986, Miller 1991). In this investigation, serological and recombinant DNA techniques are being used to investigate genetic diversity at the Mhc in several species of cranes, to investigate questions of paternity in some instances, and to develop practical methods for determining Mhc haplotype •. Blood samples are provided by the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC), Laurel, …

The Plight Of Cranes: A Case Study For Conserving Biodiversity, J. Christopher Haney, Mark E. Eiswerth

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Cranes provide an exemplary case for evaluating conservation policy because (1) they are a charismatic group with high public visibility, (2) as migratory vertebrates they provide an umbrella for the protection of aquatic habitats and a wider set of species, (3) they are a widely-distributed avian family, consequently protection efforts have favored international cooperation, (4) genetic and taxonomic relationships have been studied, and (5) populations of at least 7 crane species are threatened, endangered, or otherwise considered at direct risk. We use comparisons among the world's cranes to show how biogeographic, taxonomic, and genetic data bases can be linked for …

History And Economic Impact Of Crane-Watching In Central Nebraska, Gary R. Lingle

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

The first documentation of the Platte and North Platte rivers' importance to sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) dates from the late 1800's. Except for a few ornithologists, it was not until the mid-1970's that crane-watching became popular. During the last 10 years, this interest has become a multi-million dollar tourist industry that attracts people from around the globe who seek to witness this vernal spectacle of half a million cranes. More than half of the former riverine habitat has been abandoned by the cranes, largely because of irrigation and hydropower projects that drain the river and enable forests to …

Sandhill Cranes In The Mid·Pecos Valley Of Eastern New Mexico, 1989- 91, James B. Montgomery

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Weekly roost counts and observations of flock movements and field use were conducted during winters of 1989 -90 and 1990-91 to determine the status of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) in the RoswelllBitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge region of the Pecos River Valley of eastern New Mexico. Cranes roost on shallow lakes along the Pecos River, both on and off the refuge, and rely on approximately 36,000 ha of mostly irrigated farmland for foraging. During the past decade, alfalfa production has increased to 20,000 ha and corn production has decreased to 2,000 ha, of which 98 % is cut …

Winter Release Of Isolation-Reared Greater Sandhill Cranes In South Texas, Meenakshi Nagendran

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

During the summer of 1988, 7 greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) hatched from 15 eggs collected at Seney National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Michigan, were isolation-reared at Welder Wildlife Refuge (WWR) near Sinton, Texas, and fitted with radio transmitters prior to fledging. Because of severe drought conditions on WWR. 3 surviving juveniles were moved to Laguna Atascosa NWR (LANWR) in south Texas and released on 27 January 1989. On 12 March 1989 they left LANWR with 3 wild cranes. They were relocated on 4 April in Rosebud, Texas. The 3 cranes were captured and transported to Grand Island, …

Gender Prediction From Body Measurements Of Two Subspecies Of Sandhill Cranes, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Clinton T. Moore, Kathleen S. Williams

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Linear discriminant functions estimated from leg length, bill length and body weight measurements of known subspecies and known gender (KS-KG) Florida (FSH) and greater sandhill cranes (GSH) (Grus canadensis pratensis and G. c. tabida, respectively) were used to predict gender of known subspecies and unknown gender (KS-UG) individuals. Mean body measurements were larger among males than among females of either subspecies, but the difference in mean bill length between genders was larger among GSH than among FSH cranes. Gender misclassification was less frequent among GSH than among FSH cranes. Of birds whose measurements fell outside of the 80% …

Temporal Patterns Of Sandhill Crane Roost Site Use In The Platte River, Bradley S. Norling, Stanley H. Anderson, Wayne A. Hubert

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Temporal patterns of daily arrival and departure of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) at roost sites were examined along the Platte River in Nebraska during spring 1990. Departure times were earliest and arrival times were latest during the beginning of the 8taging season (9-21 March). Date within the staging season was the primary variable associated with time of initial departure and arrival, but arrival and departure times were also influenced by climatic factors. Departure times correlated positively with fog and precipitation (P < 0.05) and negatively with air temperature (P < 0.05), whereas arrival times correlated positively with both cloud cover and air temperature (P < 0.05).

Breeding Biology Of Greater Sandhill Cranes On The Roseau River Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota, Jodie L. Provost, Thomas A. Provost, Stephen J. Maxson, Richard D. Crawford

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

The breeding biology of greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) on the Roseau River Wildlife Management Area in northwestern Minnesota wa.'I studied from April 1989 to October 1990. A minimum of 0.25 breeding pair per km2 of wetland and upland nested on the study area. Except for distances to nearest shrub from nest and random sites (P = 0.047), there were DO significant differences among mean habitat values or distributions of variables measured at nest and random sites (P > 0.05). Mean clutch size was 1.88 ± 0.33 (SD) eggs for 17 clutches in 1989 and 1990. In 1990, …

Population Status, Hunting Regulations, Hunting Activity, And Harvests Of Mid-Continent Sandhill Cranes, David E. Sharp, William D. Vogel

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

The mid·continent population of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) was protected from 1916 until 1961, when hunting resumed on a limited basis. Areas open to hunting were experimentally expanded during 1961-72, but during the subsequent 1975-90 period only minor changes were made in the 8 Central Flyway states that established hunting seasons. Annual spring surveys conducted during 1982-90 indicated the population was stable at objective levels, with spring populations estimated at about 540,000 and fall flights near 590,000. Special federal hunting permits have been required for all bunters participating in regular seasons in the Central Flyway since 1975, where …

Status, Production And Migration Of Greater Sandhill Cranes On Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota, Jon J. Dimatteo

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) nesting at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwestern Minnesota were studied from 20 April 1984 to 10 December 1985. Local birds were monitored to determine population size and age structure, reproductive success, and migration routes and wintering grounds. Forty-two pairs were identified. Thirty-four were breeding pairs and 3 were subadult (nonbreeding) pairs. Twenty nests were found; pairs at 13 of these hatched at least 1 young. Forty-three pairs hatched a minimum of 62 young, and 28 pairs fledged 42 of 47 young. Fifteen birds were colormarked, 8 of which were radio-tagged …

Survival Of Juvenile Greater Sandhill Cranes At Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, Carroll D. Littlefield, Susan M. Lindstedt

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Greater sandhill crane (Grus canadensis tabida) recruitment rates in southeast Oregon have generally been low since the mid-1970s. To identify causative factors for low chick survival, transmitters were placed on 21 flightless young in 1983 and 18 in 1984. Of the chicks monitored in 1983, contact was lost with 4, 13 were lost to predators, 1 died of parasitic pneumonia) drowned and 2 fledged. In 1984, 8 chicks were monitored, 4 were lost to predators, 1 drowned, and 3 died from unknown causes. Of 10 transmitters which malfunctioned, 8 were on chicks known to have died. Predation was …

Sandhill Crane Mortality Resulting From Neckbands, Alan Bennett

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Forty-three greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) and 18 Florida sandhill cranes (G. c. pratensis) were captured and fitted with plastic neckbands in 1985 and 1986. Nine (15%) died after inserting their bills inside their bands and were unable to free themselves. Death from neckbands occurred in 3 (20%) of 15 radio-tagged cranes, suggesting that the actual mortality was higher than that observed. No neckband-related deaths were observed in cranes < 12 months of age, and females exhibited mortality 2.5 times higher than males. Mortality was equally divided between cranes that received secured and unsecured neckbands. Increasing the height of neckbands from 6.5 to 8.2 cm did not reduce the incidence of death.

Reduci Conflicts Between Snow Goose Hunters And Whooping Cranes At Bosque Del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, Robert H. Edens

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

The Bosque snow goose (Chen caerulescens) hunt was initiated in 1966 and had become an important recreational hunt by 1975, when the experimental whooping crane (Grus americana) foster parent program was initiated. Since 16 sandhill cranes (G. canadensIs) had been mistakenly shot prior to the program, concern was that whooping cranes might also be shot. The Bosque Snow Goose Hunter Training Program was initiated in 1977, consisting of a 1-hour slide/tape presentatIon and a 10-minute bird identification test. Modifications to hunt procedures and the requirement of all hunters to attend the hunter training program …