Biodiversity Commons^™

Parasites As Probes For Biodiversity, Scott Lyell Gardner, Mariel L. Campbell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cestodes of the genus Linstowia, parasitic in marsupials, show patterns of coevolution and ancient historical-ecological connections. Correlated with the breakup of the austral landmasses (Gondwanaland) of the Neotropical and Australian regions from the Antarctic continent, the age of this host-parasite community is estimated to be between 60 and 70 million years old. Based on the data from the survey of parasites of mammals from throughout Bolivia and from the phylogenetic analysis of the cestodes, we urge the planners of biodiversity preserves in the neotropics to consider the Yungas of Bolivia as a region that supports an ancient ecological community …

Morphology Of The Synlophe And Genital Cone Of Parostertagia Heterospiculum (Trichostrongylidae) With Comments On The Subfamilial Placement Of The Genus, Eric P. Hoberg, J. Ralph Lichtenfels

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The genus Parostertagia is referred to the Cooperiinae with reference to a suite of shared characters of the synlophe and genital cone postulated as derived homologies for the subfamily. The genus has traditionally been relegated to the Graphidiinae or Ostertagiinae, but unique structural attributes of the synlophe and genital cone indicate close affinities with the Cooperiinae. The synlophe of Parostertagia heterospiculum is characterized by a relatively low number of ridges in the cervical zone (16-20 at the excretory pore), a frontal axis of orientation, sequential increase in ridges posteriorly, lateral addition of ridges, minuscule lateral-most ridges and hypertrophy of specific …

Phylogeny, Historical Biogeography, And Ecology Of Anophryocephalus Spp. (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae) Among Pinnipeds Of The Holarctic During The Late Tertiary And Pleistocene, Eric P. Hoberg, Ann M. Adams

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic systematic analyses of Anophryocephalus spp. resulted in a single most-parsimonious cladogram (consistency index: 80%). Cladograms for pinniped hosts (phocids and otariids) and Anophryocephalus spp. were highly incongruent, corroborating a hypothesis for colonization as a dominant determinant of parasite diversification. Phoca (Pusa) spp. in the Atlantic basin are postulated as the initial hosts; range expansion for hosts and parasites into the Pacific basin through the Arctic (ca. 3.0-2.5 million years ago) was followed by radiation of Anophryocephalus spp. among Phoca spp. and subsequent colonization of otariids (Eumetopias jubatus as typical hosts; ca. 2.0 million years ago). Host …

Phyletic Coevolution Between Subterranean Rodents Of The Genus Ctenomys (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) And Nematodes Of The Genus Paraspidodera (Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae) In The Neotropics: Temporal And Evolutionary Implications, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Coevolution was studied in six species of rodents of the genus Ctenomys and their parasitic nematodes of the genus Paraspidodera, collected in Bolivia. Representatives of the families Octodontidae and Caviidae were used as outgroups for the mammals, and nematodes from caviids were used as outgroups of the nematodes from ctenomyids. For the nematodes, quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics of both males and females and electrophoretic characters of both sexes were used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses of evolutionary relationships of the OTUs occurring in hosts of different species. Concordance estimates of cladograms generated from biochemical-genetic and morphological data of the …

Lists Of Larval Worms From Marine Invertebrates Of The Pacific Coast Of North America, Hilda Lei Ching

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Immature stages of seventy-three digenetic trematodes are listed by their families, marine invertebrate hosts, and localities and then cross listed according to their molluscan hosts. The list contains many new host records, and larval stages of fifteen digenetic trematodes were newly recorded from gastropods from British Columbia and California. A list of immature stages of fourteen cestodes, acanthocephaIans, and nematodes is also included.

Redescription Of Eimeria Escomeli (Rastegaieff, 1930) From Myrmecophaga Tridactyla, And A First Report From Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Steve Upton, C. R. Lambert, O. C. Jordán

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eimeria escomeli (Rastegaieff, 1930) Levine and Becker, 1933, is redescribed from the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla (L.), from the departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. This is the first report of parasites from M. tridactyla from Bolivia and only the third time that coccidians have been recorded from this host.

Polymorphism Of Eimerian Oocysts Can Be A Problem In Naturally Infected Hosts: An Example From Subterranean Rodents In Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Since 1986, 364 tuco-tucos (Ctenomys spp.) representing 7 species were collected from 16 major collecting areas representing at least 4 distinct ecological habitats in Bolivia, South America. All were examined for coccidia, and 125 (34%) had oocysts in their feces including 84 of 236 (36%) Ctenomys boliviensis from tropical palm/savanna habitats; 1 of 3 (33%) C. conoveri from a chaco thorn forest; 3 of 7 (33%) C. frater from medium altitude grass habitats; and 6 of 8 (75%) C. lewisi and 31 of 35 (88%) C. opimus from high altitude/puna habitats. None of 3 C. …

Coccidia (Apicomplexa) From Heteromyid Rodents In The Southwestern United States, Baja California, And Northern Mexico With Three New Species From Chaetodipus Hispidus, Paulette L. Ford, Donald W. Duszynski, Chris T. Mcallister

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fecal samples from 223 heteromyid rodents of 4 genera and 13 species were collected from California, New Mexico, and Texas and from Baja California Norte and Sonora, Mexico. Of these, 84 (38%) were infected with coccidian oocysts; 72 of 84 (86%) infected animals had only 1 species of coccidian. Eleven species of coccidia were identified including 1 cyclosporan and 10 eimerians; the cyclosporan and 2 of the eimerians are described as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora angimurinensis n. sp. were subspheroidal, 21.9 x 19.3 (19-24 x 16-22) μm, with sporocysts lemon-shaped, 11.9 x 9.5 (9-15 x 8-11) μm; it …

Some Helminth Parasites Of Dunlin (Calidris Alpina) And Western Willet (Catoptrophorus Semipalmatus Inornatus) From California, Hilda Lei Ching

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Dunlins and western willets were collected on their winter feeding grounds at Bodega Bay and Bolinas Lagoon, California, during 1986. Six digeneans, eight cestodes, two acanthocephalans, and a new nematode were found in dunlins. Seven digeneans, two cestodes, one acanthocephalan, and the new nematode were found in western willets; four helminths including the new roundworm were common to dunlins. Thominx cecumitis sp. n. differs from other capillarid nematodes with a spinous spicule-sheath in having a short, globular vulvar appendage, peanut-shapcd eggs, a cuticular ball at the posterior tip of the body, narrow lateral alae, and a cuticular genital bursa.

Helminth Parasitism In Martens (Martes Americana) And Ermines (Mustela Erminea) From Washington, With Comments On The Distribution Of Trichinella Spiralis, Eric P. Hoberg, Keith B. Aubry, J. David Brittell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Helminths are reported for the first time from ermines (Mustela erminea) and martens (Martes americana) in Washington, USA. Among 22 adult ermines, 41% were infected by one or more of five species (Taenia mustelae, Alaria mustelae, Molineus patens, M. mustelae, and Trichinella spiralis). Among 78 adult martens from three geographic localities, the prevalence was 83%. Nine species were identified (Mesocestoides sp., T. mustelae and T. martis americana, Euryhelmis squamula, M. patens, Baylisascaris devosi, Physaloptera sp., Soboliphyme baturini, and T. spiralis). Trichinella spiralis …

Helminth Parasites Of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) From Oregon, Eric P. Hoberg, G. S. Miller, E. Wallner-Pendleton, O. R. Hedstrom

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Helminth parasites are reported for the first time from northern spotted owls. Seventyone percent of a sample of Strix occidentalis caurina from western Oregon was infected. Nematodes (Porrocaecum depressum, Capillaria falconis, Microtetrameres sp. and Synhimantus hamatus) were the most prevalent parasites although cestodes (Paruterina rauschi) and acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus conspectus) were also represented. There was an association between components of this helminth fauna and the diet of spotted owls which is dominated by small rodents. The occurrence of P. rauschi rather than P. candelabraria in this geographic region and host-species may provide additional …

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From The Subterranean Rodent Ctenomys Opimus Wagner (Ctenomyidae) From Bolivia, South America, Christine R. Lambert, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Of 35 tuco-tucos (Ctenomys opimus) collected in Bolivia, South America, 31 (88%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces at the time they were examined. Eighteen (58%) of the 31 infected animals were concurrently infected with 2 or 3 eimerian species. Four species of Eimeria were recovered and are described as new species based on the characteristics of sporulated oocysts. Oocysts of E. granifera n. sp. were ellipsoidal, 21.1 x 17.2 (15-26 x 11-20), μm with sporocysts ovoidal, 11.3 x 7.1 (8-14 x 5-9), μm. Oocysts of Eimeria montuosi n. sp. were spheroidal, 24.2 x 22.0 (21-28 x …

Cestodes Of The Genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 Sensu Stricto From Pocket Gophers Geomys And Thomomys Spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) In Colorado And Oregon, With A Discriminant Analysis Of Four Species Of Hymenolepis, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cestodes found to represent previously undescribed members of the genus Hymenolepis s. str. (Yamaguti, 1959) were recovered from pocket gophers, Geomys bursarius (Shaw), in northeastern Colorado. Hymenolepis weldensis n. sp. and H. geomydis n. sp., not occurring together in any individual host, were found in 3 and 8%, respectively, of pocket gophers examined for helminths. The life cycle of H. weldensis was completed in the laboratory using beetles, Tenebrio molitor (L.), as intermediate hosts, and pocket gophers of three genera (Geomys, Thomomys, and Pappogeomys) as definitive hosts. Development of H. weldensis did not …

Echinococcus Vogeli Rausch And Bernstein, 1972, From The Paca, Cuniculus Paca L. (Rodentia: Dayproctidae), In The Departamento De Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Robert L. Rausch, Otto Carlos Jordan Camacho

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Among approximately 2,000 mammals examined for helminths in various regions of Bolivia during 1983-1987, cysts of Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972, were found in a single paca, Cuniculus paca L., collected at La Laguna, Departamento de Santa Cruz (lat. 16° 36' W; long. 62° 42' S). This record, the first from Bolivia, represents a considerable extension of the known geographic range of this species in South America. Upon analysis of the morphologic characteristics of the protoscoleces derived from the cysts, the sizes of rostellar hooks from the material from the paca were found to be well within the ranges …

Eulimdana Rauschorum N. Sp., A Filarioid Nematode (Lemdaninae) From Larus Dominicanus In Antarctica, With Comments On Evolution And Biogeography, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eulimdana rauschorum n. sp. is described from southern black-backed gulls, Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein in Antarctica. The species is most similar to Eulimdana lari (Yamaguti, 1935) from Charadriiformes in the Holarctic. Males have spicules equal in length that are asymmetric in structure distally. There are 4-5 and 3-5 caudal papillae in rows to the right and left of the anus, and two small genital papillae at the posterolateral margin of the anus. Females have a variable number of prominent caudal papillae and large microfilariae (365 μm in length). The morphological similarities and host distribution of E. rauschorum and E. lari suggest …

Evolution And Historical Biogeography Of A Parasite-Host Assemblage: Alcataenia Spp. (Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae) In Alcidae (Charadriiformes), Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The methodology of phylogenetic systematics was used to develop hypotheses for the evolution of eight species of Alcataenia, a group of host-specific cestodes of the Alcidae and, to a lesser extent, the Laridae (Charadriiformes). Concurrently, aspects of the early biogeography of alcids were reevaluated making it possible to study the historical and distributional relationships of parasites and hosts. The most parsimonious hypothesis for the phylogeny of Alcataenia suggested that sequential colonization or host switching with limited coevolution (coaccommodation) by parasites best explained the distributional patterns exhibited by Alcataenia spp. Morphological evolution of specific species of Alcataenia accompanied host switching, …

Eimeria Halleri Sp. N. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From The Round Stingray, Urolophus Halleri (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae), Steve Upton, John Bristol, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eimeria halleri sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from the rectal contents ofthe round stingray, Urolophus halleri Cooper (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) from Puerto Penasco, Mexico. Oocysts are spherical or subspherical, 16.9 x 16.8 (15.0-18.0 x 15.0-18.0) /μm, with a smooth, thin wall. Micropyle, polar granule, and oocyst residuum are absent. Sporocysts are ovoid, 11.1 x 6.8 (10.0-13.0 x 6.0-7.5) /μm and possess Stieda and substieda bodies. Sporozoites are comma-shaped, 9.9 x 3.2 (9.0-11.0 x 2.8-4.0) /μm and contain an ovoid posterior and a spherical anterior refractile body. The sporocyst residuum consists either of numerous finely granular particles scattered among the sporozoites …

Helminth Parasites Of Thomomys Bulbivorus (Richardson) (Rodentia: Geomyidae), With The Description Of A New Species Of Hymenolepis (Cestoda), Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A cestode, Hymenolepis tualatinensis n. sp., is described from the pocket gopher, Thomomys bulbivorus (Richardson) (Rodentia: Geomyidae), from the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Helminths of four additional species were found. Trichuris fossor Hall, 1916, Ransomus rodentorum Hall, 1916, Heligmosomoides thomomyos Gardner and Jasmer, 1983, and Hymenolepis horrida (von Linstow, 1901), of which all but H. thomomyos represent new host records. A significant change in prevalence of the whipworm T. fossor in the population of T. bulbivorus from spring through summer was noted. Significant differences in prevalence of infection of helminths in pocket gophers collected from two different …

Alcataenia Pygmaeus Sp. N. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) From The Whiskered Auklet, Aethia Pygmaea, In The Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, With A Comment On The Genera Alcataenia And Rissotaenia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Alcataenia pygmaeus sp. n. is described from whiskered auklets, Aethia pygmaea (Gmelin), from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. It is distinguished from its congeners by the overall small size of the strobila and a combination of other characters. The rostellum is armed with 34-38 hooks that measure 41-49 µm in length. The cirrus sac is relatively short, 101-174 µm in length, and reaches or just crosses the poral osmoregulatory canals. There are 36-50 testes located entirely posterior to the female organs. The scolex is deeply embedded in the mucosal tissue of the duodenum of the host. This is the first …

Alcataenia Campylacantha (Krabbe, 1869) From Pigeon Guillemots, Cepphus Columba Pallas, And Black Guillemots, Cepphus Grylle (Linnaeus), And Alcataenia Sp. Indet. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) From Kittlitz's Murrelets, Brachyramphus Brevirostris (Vigors) In Alaska, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Alcataenia campylacantha (Krabbe, 1869) is redescribed and reported for the first time from pigeon guillemots, Cepphus columba Pallas, in Alaska. Specimens of this cestode were also found in black guillemots, Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus) at Point Barrow, Alaska. There were no substantial differences in morphological characters between populations of this cestode from the North Atlantic and North Pacific basins. Additionally, Alcataenia sp. indet. is reported, with a partial description, from Kittlitz's murrelets, Brachyramphus brevirostris (Vigors), in Alaska. This constitutes the first record of dilepidid cestodes from birds of the genus Brachyramphus Brandt.

French abstract:

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Alcataenia Longicervica Sp. N. From Murres, Uria Lomvia (Linnaeus) And Uria Aalge (Pontoppidan) In The North Pacific Basin, With Redescriptions Of Alcataenia Armillaris (Rudolphi, 1810) And Alcataenia Meinertzhageni (Baer, 1956) (Cestoda: Dilepididae), Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Alcataenia longicervica sp. n. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) is described from murres, Uria spp., in Alaska and other localities in the Pacific basin. From Alcataenia armillaris (Rudolphi, 1810), which it most closely resembles, A. longicervica is distinguished by larger size of organs (cirrus sac, vitelline gland, and seminal receptacle), greater number of testes, and extremely long neck. In specimens of A. longicervica there are 22-27 rostellar hooks distributed in two rows. Hooks in the anterior row measure 41-49 μm in length while those in the posterior are 38-48 μm. Two species of Alcataenia, A. armillaris and A. meinertzhageni (Baer, 1956), both …

Angularella Audubonensis Sp. N. (Dilepididae) And Other Cestodes Of Cliff Swallows In Colorado, Jeffrey D. Stamper, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

One hundred forty-five cliff swallows, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, were examined for cestodes in two separate surveys in Weld County, Colorado. Seven species representing four genera were found. Angularella audubonensis sp. n. is differentiated by the small size of the rostellar hooks (8.4-13.5 μm) and the medial relationship of the cirrus pouch to the osmoregulatory canals. Other species collected were Angularella beema, Anonchotaenia globata, Mayhewia ababili, Vitta magniuncinata, Vitta parvirostris and Vitta riparia. Seven new hosts and geographic distribution records were established for Colorado, and six new records were determined for North America.

A Checklist Of Parasites Of California, Oregon, And Washington Marine And Estuarine Fishes, Milton S. Love, Mike Moser

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This report is a summary of the published records of parasites found from the marine and estuarine fishes of California, Oregon, and Washington. Coverage has not been limited to the western United States, but rather includes parasite reports from throughout each fish's range. Included is a host-parasite list and parasite-host cross index.

We have produced this survey because we felt there was a need for a single source which would list all the parasites infecting marine and estuarine fish from California, Oregon, and Washington. Pertinent sources are scattered over a number of journals, covering many years. Workers find it time …

Gastrointestinal Helminths Of The Cougar, Felis Concolor L., In Northeastern Oregon, Robert L. Rausch, C. Maser, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Helminths of nine species were identified from 39 cougars obtained in northeastern Oregon (Walbowa, Baker, and Union counties), viz., Taenia omissa Lühe, 1910 (100%); T. ovis krabbei Moniez, 1879 (61%); T. hydatigena Pallas, 1776 (10%); Mesocestoides lineatus (Goeze, 1782) (5%); Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902) (69%); Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) (15%); Physaloptera praeputialis von Linstow, 1889 (13%); Pterygodermatites affinis (Jagerskiold, 1904) (ca. 2%); and Trichinella sp. (larvae) (ca. 2%). In addition, undeveloped cestodes of the genus Taenia in 26 animals had lost rostellar hooks and could not be identified. Host-records, prevalence, and biological characteristics of some of the helminths are …

Pseudogymnophallus Alcae Gen. N. Et Sp. N. (Trematoda: Gymnophallidae) From Alcids (Charadriiformes) In Subarctic Seas, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Pseudogymnophallus alcae gen. n. et sp. n. is described for trematodes from alcids (Charadriiformes: Alcidae) from the North Pacific region (Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and Chukchi Sea): horned puffin, Fratercula corniculuta; tufted puffin, Lunda cirrhuta; parakeet auklet, Cvclorrhvnchus psittacula, and least auklet, Aethia pusilla; and from the western North Atlantic Ocean, (Gulf of St. Lawrence): razorbill, Alca torda. Pseudogymnophallus is distinguished from other genera of Gymnophallidae by the intertesticular position of the ovary; a cylindrical, undivided seminal vesicle; and by an intestinal diverticulum dorsal to the arch of each cecum.

Arapaho Prairie, Arthur County, Nebraska: Approximate Ap Grid For Gis, Kathleen H. Keeler, A. T. Harrison, L. S. Vescio

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Grid map of field sites at Arapaho Prairie in Arthur County, Nebraska. Scale 1 5/16" = 1/4 mile. Shows permanently marked vegetation quadrats, blowouts and ravine washouts, roads, and 100' contour intervals. Part of the map was destroyed by mice. What remains of the map as of 2013 is shown.

Parasites Of California Marine And Estuarine Fish, Milton S. Love, Mike Moser

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

While working on the parasites of several California marine fish, it was difficult to find out which parasites had been reported from our fish. Pertinent sources were scattered over a number of journals, covering many years. We compiled this list because we felt there was a need for a single source which would give all the parasites infecting California marine fish. As "marine fish" was a somewhat vague term, we decided to use it in a broad sense and included estuarine and anadromous fish in the survey. In addition, we have included records from landlocked populations of anadromous fish, such …

Taxonomy And Zoogeography Of Lemmus Spp. (Rodentia: Arvicolinae), With Notes On Laboratory-Reared Lemmings, Robert L. Rausch, Virginia R. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Lemmings of the genus Lemmus Link, 1795, have long attracted interest because of the high numerical densities attained at intervals by their populations. In earlier times, in northern Europe, such events seemed so remarkable as to be explained by some as a consequence of the animals' having fallen from the sky (HaGSTROM 1749). During the last 25 years, lemmings have been the object of intensive ecological investigation in Eurasia and North America, although there has been no consensus concerning their taxonomic relationships. In 1959, a colony of brown lemmings from arctic Alaska was established in our laboratory, primarily to provide …

Review Of Echinococcus Species In South Africa, Anna Johanna Maria Verster

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

1. The nominate subspecies of E. granulosus (Batsch, 1786) is redesignated from the type locality, Europe.

2. Five subspecies of E. granulosus are described from South African carnivores: E. g. granulosus, E. g. africanus, E. g. felidis, E. g. lycaontis and E. g. ortleppi.

3. E. g. granulosus has so far only been recovered from the Transvaal; E. g. ortleppi appears to be restricted to the Transvaal; E. g. africanus occurs in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal; E. g. lycaontis and E. g. felidis like their definitive hosts are restricted to the Transvaal.

4. …

Malaysian Parasites Xxxv-Xlix, W. W. Macdonald

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This is the third Study of the series from this Institute on the external and internal parasites and the biting insects of the Malaysian region. The earlier two volumes were planned and edited by Dr. J.R. Audy, and on his departure from Malaya in the middle of 1959 Mr. W. W. Macdonald continued the work which had been begun and collated and edited the papers in this present Study.

In the two previous volumes (Study No. 26, 1954 and No. 28, 1957) the emphasis was on the taxonomy of Trombiculid mites. In the present volume the emphasis has changed, and …