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Articles 601 - 619 of 619
Full-Text Articles in Other Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology
The Binding Of Host-Selective Toxin Analogs To Mitochondria From Normal And 'Texas' Male Sterile Cytoplasm Maize, Kurt A. Frantzen, J. M. Daly, Herman W. Knoche
The Binding Of Host-Selective Toxin Analogs To Mitochondria From Normal And 'Texas' Male Sterile Cytoplasm Maize, Kurt A. Frantzen, J. M. Daly, Herman W. Knoche
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Tritium-labeled toxin analogs were prepared by reduction with NaB3H4 of either the toxin from Helminthosporium maydis race T or a toxin component from Phyllosticta maydis. These reduced analogs had high radiochemical specific activities, high biological activities, and plant specificities identical to the native toxins. A filtration assay was developed to test the binding of these labeled analogs to isolated- mitochondria. Binding was not energy dependent nor was there measurable matrical uptake. The analogs were shown to be lipophilic, a characteristic which gave rise to considerable nondisplaceable binding. Under conditions limiting nondisplaceable binding, -the displaceable binding was …
In Vitro Phosphorylation Of Maize Leaf Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase, Raymond J. A. Budde, Raymond Chollet
In Vitro Phosphorylation Of Maize Leaf Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase, Raymond J. A. Budde, Raymond Chollet
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Autoradiography of total soluble maize (Zea mays) leaf proteins incubated with 32P-labeled adenylates and separated by denaturing electrophoresis revealed that many polypeptides were phosphorylated in vitro by endogenous protein kinase(s). The most intense band was at 94 to 100 kilodaltons and was observed when using either [γ -32P]ATP or [β-32P]ADP as the phosphate donor. This band was comprised of the subunits of both pyruvate, Pi dikinase (PPDK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase). PPDK activity was previously shown to be dark/light-regulated via a novel ADP-dependent phosphorylation/Pi-dependent dephosphorylation of a threonyl residue. The identity of the acidstable 94 …
Cloning And Characterization Of A Gene (Fadr) Involved In Regulation Of Fatty Acid Metabolism In Escherichia Coli, Concetta C. Dirusso, William D. Nunn
Cloning And Characterization Of A Gene (Fadr) Involved In Regulation Of Fatty Acid Metabolism In Escherichia Coli, Concetta C. Dirusso, William D. Nunn
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
The regulatory gene fadR has been previously characterized by classical genetic means as a diffusible protein which exerts negative control over fatty acid degradation and acetate metabolism. fadR has also been implicated in the regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. To facilitate the identification of the product of the fadR gene and to study the mechanism by which this multifunctional regulatory gene exerts its control, we cloned a segment of DNA containing the fadR gene in the phage vector λL47. Subsequent subcloning of a segment of the chromosomal DNA from the λfadR+ phage into various plasmid vectors resulted in …
The Role Of Recognition In Plant Disease, J. M. Daly
The Role Of Recognition In Plant Disease, J. M. Daly
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
As noted by Sequeira (110,111), the term recognition has become very popular in the literature of host-pathogen interactions over the last ten years. Despite recent facile usage, its meaning is not always clear to me. Recognition is defined by Clarke & Knox (16) as the "initial event in cell-cell communication that elicits a defined biochemical, physiological, or morphological response." This requires the not-so-easy task of defining "initial event" and "communica tion" with precise chemical or physical mechanisms. For pathologists, Se queira (110) has provided a more restricted meaning: "An early specific event that triggers a rapid, overt response by the …
Reduction Of Ferric Leghemoglobin In Soybean Root Nodules, Keuk-Ki Lee, Robert V. Klucas
Reduction Of Ferric Leghemoglobin In Soybean Root Nodules, Keuk-Ki Lee, Robert V. Klucas
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Reduction of ferric leghemoglobin to ferrous leghemoglobin in soybean nodules (Glycine max [L.] Meff. cv Woodworth) was studied using a spectrophotometer equipped with an in-cell space diffuse reflectance accessory. Nodule slices prepared and scanned under nitrogen gas showed a ferrous leghemoglobin absorption spectrum. Nodule slices equilibrated with 100% O2 or air exhibited two absorption bands characteristic of oxygenated leghemoglobin. The addition of CO shifted those bands to CO leghemoglobin absorption bands. Potassium ferricyanide was not effective in oxidizing ferrous to feffic leghemoglobin in nodule slices. However, ferric leghemoglobin was formed by treating the nodule slices with hydroxylamine, and …
Reversible Dark-Induced Senescence Of Soybean Root Nodules, N. E. Pfeiffer, Nasir S.A. Malik, Fred W. Wagner
Reversible Dark-Induced Senescence Of Soybean Root Nodules, N. E. Pfeiffer, Nasir S.A. Malik, Fred W. Wagner
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Nodule senescence was induced in intact soybean Glycine max. (L.) Merr., cv Woodworth plants by an 8-day dark treatment. Dark-induced senescence resulted in the complete loss of acetylene reduction activity, a 67% loss of total soluble protein, and an almost complete loss in total leghemoglobin of nodule extracts. Isoelectric focusing gels demonstrated a preferential loss of certain proteins, which was correlated with an increase in endoprotease specific activity toward azocasein. Nodules were completely green after the 8-day dark treatment. If plants were returned to a normal photoperiod after 8 days in the dark, nodules recovered from the dark treatment in …
Proteolytic Activity In Soybean Root Nodules: Activity In Host Cell Cytosol And Bacteroids Throughout Physiological Development And Senescence, Nancy E. Pfeiffer, Cecilia M. Torres, Fred W. Wagner
Proteolytic Activity In Soybean Root Nodules: Activity In Host Cell Cytosol And Bacteroids Throughout Physiological Development And Senescence, Nancy E. Pfeiffer, Cecilia M. Torres, Fred W. Wagner
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Root nodules were harvested from chamber-grown soybean (Glycine max L. Merril cv Woodworth) plants throughout development. Apparent nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) peaked before seeds began to develop, but a significant amount of activity remained as the seeds matured. Nodule senescence was defined as the period in which residual nitrogenase activity was lost. During this time, soluble protein and leghemoglobin levels in the host cell cytosol decreased, and proteolytic activity against azocasein increased. Degradative changes were not detected in bacteroids during nodule senescence. Total soluble bacteroid protein per gram of nodule remained constant, and an increase in proteolytic activity in …
Peptidohydrolases Of Soybean Root Nodules, Nasir S. A. Malik, N. E. Pfeiffer, D. R. Williams, Fred W. Wagner
Peptidohydrolases Of Soybean Root Nodules, Nasir S. A. Malik, N. E. Pfeiffer, D. R. Williams, Fred W. Wagner
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Nodule extracts prepared from Glycine max var Woodworth possessed endopeptidase, aminoptidase, and carboxypeptidase actiities. Three distinct endopeptidase activities could be resolved by disc-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.8. According to their order of increasing electrophoretic mobility, the first of these enzymes hydrolyzed azocasein and n-benzoyl-LLeu-β-naphthylamide, while the second hydrolyzed n-benzoyl-L-Arg-/8- naphthylamine (Bz-L-Arg-/βNA), n-benzoyl-L-Arg-β-nitroanilide (Bz-L-Arg-βNA), and azocasein. The third endopeptidase hydrolyzed Bz-L-Arg-βNA, Bz-L-Arg-βNA, and hemoglobin. Fractions of these enzymes extracted from electrophoresis gels were shown to have pH optima from 7.5 to 9.8. AU of the endopeptidases were completely inhibited by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, demonstrating that they were serine proteases.
Recollections, George W. Beadle
Recollections, George W. Beadle
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
In these exciting times when elementary and high schools teach modern biology, including many of the intricacies of biochemical genetics, the long slow process by which our present knowledge in this area was gained is not often fully appreciated. A third of a century elapsed before Mendel’s work was "rediscovered" and properly appreciated. Archibald E. Garrod’s (1) prophetic appreciation of the relation genetics and biochemistry, beginning soon after the so-called rediscovery of Mendel, lay fallow for more than forty years despite the fact that he published widely and relatively voluminously. As late as a quarter of a century after the …
Characterization Of A Fatty Acid Synthetase From Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, Herman W. Knoche, Kirston E. Koths
Characterization Of A Fatty Acid Synthetase From Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, Herman W. Knoche, Kirston E. Koths
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
A fatty acid synthetase from Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been purified to a specific activity of 450 nmoles of malonyl coenzyme A incorporated per min per mg. The enzyme is optimally active in 0.5 M phosphate buffer. C. diphtheriae appears to be the most primitive organism having a multienzyme complex for fatty acid synthesis.
Palmityl Coenzyme A Inhibition Of Fatty Acid Synthesis, Herman Knoche, Theodore W. Esders, Kirston Koths, Konrad Bloch
Palmityl Coenzyme A Inhibition Of Fatty Acid Synthesis, Herman Knoche, Theodore W. Esders, Kirston Koths, Konrad Bloch
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
The effects of acyl-CoA derivatives (C8 to C20) on the activity
of the fatty acid synthetases from yeast and Corynebacterium
diphtheriae have been examined. Both enzyme
systems are inhibited by the longer chain acyl thioesters
(C16 to C20) and protected against this inhibition by bovine
serum albumin (BSA). Identical relief from acyl-CoA inhibition
is provided by the 6-0-methylglucose-containing
lipopolysaccharide (MGLP), from Mycobacterium phlei. It
is shown that MGLP forms a stable complex with palmitylCoA.
This interaction accounts for the BSA-like effects of
the polysaccharide. BSA and MGLP have two further effects
on the fatty …
The Structure Of An Ornithine-Containing Lipid From Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, Herman W. Knoche, Jessup M. Shively
The Structure Of An Ornithine-Containing Lipid From Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, Herman W. Knoche, Jessup M. Shively
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
The structure of an ornithine-containing lipid from Thio-bacillus thiooxidans
has been elucidated. Methanolysis of
the lipid released methyl cis-ll,lZ-methylene-Z-hydroxyoctadecanoate.
Acid hydrolysis of the residue yielded ornithine
and a mixture of fatty acids, the major components of
which were 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic and 2-hexadecenoic
acids. Identification of the 3-hydroxy fatty acid was based
on the thin layer chromatographic mobilities of the acid, its
methyl ester, the methyl ether, and acetate derivatives of its
methyl ester, on the equivalent chain lengths of the derivatives
of the acid and the acid obtained by oxidation of the
natural acid with permanganate, and on mass spectral studies. …
The Identification Of Cis-Ii, I2-Methylene-2-Hydroxyoctadecanoic Acid From Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, H. W. Knoche, J. M. Shively
The Identification Of Cis-Ii, I2-Methylene-2-Hydroxyoctadecanoic Acid From Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, H. W. Knoche, J. M. Shively
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
A polar fatty acid has been observed as a component of an
ornithine-containing lipid of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. A
comparison of thin layer chromatographic mobilities of reference
compounds to those of the natural acid and its derivatives
suggested that the acid was a 2-hydroxy fatty acid.
The presence of a cyclopropane function in the acid was
indicated by l4e-Iabeling experiments and infrared spectroscopy.
Mass spectrometry of the methyl ester and the acetylated
methyl ester of the natural acid provided a molecular
weight for the acid. Equivalent chain lengths were determined
for the natural acid, the acid obtained by oxidative
decarboxylation of …
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism During Germination Of Uredospores Of Puccinia Graminis Tritici, J. M. Daly, H. W. Knoche, M. V. Wiese
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism During Germination Of Uredospores Of Puccinia Graminis Tritici, J. M. Daly, H. W. Knoche, M. V. Wiese
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Uredospores of Puccinia gramintis (Pers.) tritici (Eriks. and Henn.) were uniformly labeled with 14C by permitting the host (Triticuml aestivum L.) to carry out photosynthesis in 14CO2 during the process of spore production by the obligate parasite. The use of 14C labeled spores provided advantages in a study of the utilization of endogenous substrates at frequent intervals with small amounts of spores under conditions conducive to germination.
Concerning The Site Of Nitrogen Absorption In Rats Fed Autoclaved Or Raw Soybean Oil Mea, Raymond Borchers
Concerning The Site Of Nitrogen Absorption In Rats Fed Autoclaved Or Raw Soybean Oil Mea, Raymond Borchers
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Carroll, Hensley, and Graham (1) have concluded that much of the nitrogen absorption in rats fed raw soybean oil meal must take place in the cecum. This conclusion was reached from data showing that the apparent digestibility of raw soybean nitrogen in the terminal 20% of the small intestine was 32.65%, whereas in the feces the value was 76.96%. Values reported, for apparent digestibility of heated soybean nitrogen were 78.66% and 81.78%, respectively. This observation presented a notable advance in explaining the lower nutritive value of raw soybeans compared with autoclaved soybeans. It therefore seemed advisable to repeat this work …
Riboflavin Production By Molds, George L. Peltier, Raymond Borchers
Riboflavin Production By Molds, George L. Peltier, Raymond Borchers
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Very little information is at hand regarding the ability of molds to synthesize riboflavin. Few citations pertaining directly to riboflavin production by true
molds are available. Pontovich (1943) found as much as 2 mg riboflavin per g
of Aspergillus flavus mycelium. Tanner et at. (1945) determined the quantity of
riboflavin in the submerged fermentation media of Penicillium chrysogenum.
The highest value found was 1. 36 mg per ml. The primary purpose of this study
was to screen several hundred isolates, recently obtained from soil, crop residues,
and composts, for their ability to produce riboflavin on a wheat bran substrate.
Threonine Deficiency In Hydrolysates Of Zein Prepared By Autoclaving, Raymond Borchers, John R. Totter, Clarence P. Berg
Threonine Deficiency In Hydrolysates Of Zein Prepared By Autoclaving, Raymond Borchers, John R. Totter, Clarence P. Berg
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
In a previous paper (Borchers and Berg, 1942) we showed that
autoclaving zein with sulfuric acid longer than necessary for complete
hydrolysis causes destruction and racemization; either of
these might account for the failure of such a hydrolysate to
promote growth in young rats when substituted for a hvdrolysate,
prepared by refiuxing, in a diet which produced moderate growth.
It seemed to us that this deterioration in the dietary protein might
well be the result primarily of essential amino acid deficiencies
which could be detected and overcome by appropriate supplementation.
Because threonine is known to be present in zein in …
Tryptophane Metabolism X. The Effect Of Feeding 1(-)-, Dl-, And D(+)-Tryptophane, D(-)And Dl-(Β-3-Indolelactic Acid,(Β-3-Indolepyruvic Acid, And L(-)Kynurenine Upon The Storage Of Liver Glycogen And The Urinary Output Of Kynurenic Acid, Kynurenine, And Total Acetone Bodies, Raymond Borchers, Clarence P. Berg, Newton E. Whitman
Tryptophane Metabolism X. The Effect Of Feeding 1(-)-, Dl-, And D(+)-Tryptophane, D(-)And Dl-(Β-3-Indolelactic Acid,(Β-3-Indolepyruvic Acid, And L(-)Kynurenine Upon The Storage Of Liver Glycogen And The Urinary Output Of Kynurenic Acid, Kynurenine, And Total Acetone Bodies, Raymond Borchers, Clarence P. Berg, Newton E. Whitman
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
The amount of tryptophane required for maintenance and growth is small (2). When an excess is supplied to some animals, kynurenic acid is excreted (3) and, under certain conditions, kynurenine also (4). Although these are quantitatively the most important of the known metabolic products of tryptophane, the amounts excreted in extensive tests in the dog and rabbit have usually accounted for less than half, more often for less than a third, of the tryptophane administered (4-6).
The Effect Of Conditions Of Hydrolysis And Of Prolonged Heating Upon The Optical Rotation Of Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysates Of Zein, Raymond Borchers, Clarence P. Berg
The Effect Of Conditions Of Hydrolysis And Of Prolonged Heating Upon The Optical Rotation Of Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysates Of Zein, Raymond Borchers, Clarence P. Berg
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Some time ago we observed that a sulfuric acid hydrolysate of zein prepared in an autoclave at 165˚ did not support growth in young rats when it was supplemented with certain amino acids, even though the same amino acids, added to a hydrolysate prepared by refluxing, permitted moderate growth. Since the optical rotation of the autoclaved hydrolysate was lower than that of the refluxed, either destruction or racemization of essential constituents, or both, might have occurred. Loss of amino nitrogen and production of extra ammonia upon prolonged autoclaving of proteins with acids have been noted by Van Slyke (1912) …