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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry
The Flavoprotein Rcla Is A Hypothiocyanous Acid Reductase, Irina Chapman
The Flavoprotein Rcla Is A Hypothiocyanous Acid Reductase, Irina Chapman
Masters Theses
Reactive chlorine species (RCS) - hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN), and chloramines - are powerful antimicrobial oxidants generated by the innate immune system. Bacteria developed defense mechanisms against RCS, which are highly toxic for invading pathogens. One such defense system involves RclA, an enzyme from the flavin disulfide reductase family, which is massively upregulated upon exposure of Escherichia coli to RCS. Recent research suggests that RclA functions as a Cu(II) reductase to provide resistance against RCS. However, the exact mechanism used by RclA was subject to debate. In this study, we demonstrate that RclA is unlikely to function as …
Influence Of Physical Variability Of Highly Weathered Sedimentary Rock On Nitrate In Area 3 Of The Enigma Field Research Site At Y-12, Erin Kelly
Masters Theses
Uranium processing and waste storage in unlined waste ponds leached contaminants into the groundwater at Y-12, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, from the 1950s to 1980s. Groundwater wells near the S-3 ponds have had the highest nitrate concentrations of groundwater anywhere in the world (>10,000 mg/L). For reference, the maximum contaminant level for nitrate in drinking water set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is 10 mg/L. Since 2012, the ENIGMA (Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies) group has been characterizing, monitoring, and conducting field experiments to understand the interactions between contaminants, microbes, and the subsurface. The goals …
Hsp70 Phosphorylation: A Case Study Of Serine Residues 385 And 400, Sashrika Saini
Hsp70 Phosphorylation: A Case Study Of Serine Residues 385 And 400, Sashrika Saini
Masters Theses
Molecular chaperones play a key role in maintaining a healthy cellular proteome by performing protein quality control. Heat shock protein 70s (Hsp70s) are a diverse class of evolutionarily conserved chaperones that interact with short hydrophobic sequences presented in unfolded proteins, promoting productive folding, and preventing proteins from aggregation. Most of the extensive research on chaperone examines mechanism, substrate promiscuity, and engagement with many co-chaperones. Only recently were chaperones recognized to be frequent targets of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Despite the recent rise in PTMs identified, the impact of these modifications on chaperone function, whether singular or in concert with other modifications, …
Exploring Knockdown Phenotypes And Interactions Between Atad3 Proteins In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Eli S. Gordon
Exploring Knockdown Phenotypes And Interactions Between Atad3 Proteins In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Eli S. Gordon
Masters Theses
Mitochondria are required for a diverse array of cellular functions and processes. ATAD3 (ATPase family AAA domain containing protein 3) proteins are newly discovered mitochondrial membrane proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Homologous to ATAD3A in metazoans, Co-Immunoprecipitation/Mass spectrometry and genomic analysis identified a four ATAD3A homologues in A. thaliana. The four A. thaliana proteins are referred to as ATAD3A1 (At3g03060), ATAD3A2 (At5g16930), ATAD3B1 (At2g18330), and ATAD3B2 (At4g36580). Studies in metazoans indicate that ATAD3A localizes to Mitochondria-ER contact sites and is involved in a variety of processes required for proper mitochondrial function, but ATAD3A proteins are poorly defined in plants. …
Link Between Muscle And Whole-Body Energetic Responses To Exercise, Christopher M.T. Hayden
Link Between Muscle And Whole-Body Energetic Responses To Exercise, Christopher M.T. Hayden
Masters Theses
Substantial evidence exists regarding how skeletal muscles use energy and how this affects muscular performance. What remains unclear is how characteristics of muscle energetics affect whole-body energetics during daily living, and what effects this may have on mobility. The goal of this study was to determine the associations between muscle and whole-body energetics including the relationships between: 1) muscle PCr depletion (∆PCr) in response to light intensity isotonic contractions and the oxygen deficit at the onset of a 30-min treadmill walk (30MTW), and, 2) muscle oxidative capacity and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC; 30MTW), respiratory exchange ratio (RER; 30MTW), and …
Investigating Structural Proteins By Light Scattering, Uma Nudurupati
Investigating Structural Proteins By Light Scattering, Uma Nudurupati
Masters Theses
This thesis evaluates the organization of the structural proteins, Human Gamma D crystallin and Collagen type II, into higher-order structures using light scattering. Specifically, it evaluates the natures of incipient aggregation in Human Gamma D crystallin and the nature of its interactions with CAPEGn, an electrostatic blocker. Additionally, this thesis evaluates whether Collagen type II growth kinetics follows Classical nucleation theory.
Development Of Fluorescence Microscopy Approaches To Study Subcellular Protein Transport And Enzymatic Activity, Anchal Singh
Development Of Fluorescence Microscopy Approaches To Study Subcellular Protein Transport And Enzymatic Activity, Anchal Singh
Masters Theses
Understanding the subcellular localization of proteins and their activity is important in understanding their normal function in eukaryotic cells. Fluorescence cellular imaging techniques can selectively and sensitively visualize subcellular biochemistry. Using this approach, two different methods were employed in this thesis. The first focused on studying protein import into peroxisome and the other on monitoring the activity of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized enzyme, human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1).
Peroxisomes are mainly known as the center for long chain fatty acid b-oxidation as well as the production and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. Proteins which are needed in the peroxisomes are encoded in …
Xylan-Derived Carbon Nutrient Acquisition By Caulobacter Crescentus, Rhoda Ekuama Inkoom
Xylan-Derived Carbon Nutrient Acquisition By Caulobacter Crescentus, Rhoda Ekuama Inkoom
Masters Theses
Bacterial decomposition of xylan and uptake of xylan-derived carbon compounds require a combination of enzymes, proteins, and complex molecular mechanisms. Bacteria have evolved molecular mechanisms for its utilization depending on its environment and source of xylan. Caulobacter crescentus, a Gram-negative bacterium which lives in an aquatic oligotrophic environment, exhibits asymmetric division which is an adaptive feature for its nutrient poor habitat. Although aromatic hydrocarbon and cellulose-derived mono-, di- and oligosaccharide utilization has been reported in literature, its xylan-derived carbon compound utilization is yet to be characterized. In this study, C. crescentus utilizes xylan-derived monomers arabinose, xylose and acetate as …