Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Molecular Biology (5)
- Cell Biology (3)
- Cell and Developmental Biology (3)
- Bacteriology (2)
- Biophysics (2)
-
- Chemistry (2)
- Environmental Health (2)
- Microbiology (2)
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health (2)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (2)
- Structural Biology (2)
- Analytical Chemistry (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genetics and Genomics (1)
- Inorganic Chemistry (1)
- Molecular Genetics (1)
- Other Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (1)
- Other Food Science (1)
- Plant Biology (1)
- Plant Sciences (1)
- Keyword
-
- AMPKα (1)
- Adaptor hierarchy (1)
- Adiposity (1)
- Adsorption mechanism (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
-
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacterial cell cycle (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Caspase (1)
- Caspases (1)
- Caulobacter (1)
- Cell division (1)
- Chromosome (1)
- ClpXP (1)
- ClyA (1)
- Conformational dynamics (1)
- Cysteine protease (1)
- Cytokinesis (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Early nodulin (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Error correction (1)
- FRET (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Kinetochore (1)
- LysM (1)
- Metal structure (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry
Dissecting Molecular Pathways That Ensure Proper Chromosome Segregation And Cell Division, Anna Ye
Dissecting Molecular Pathways That Ensure Proper Chromosome Segregation And Cell Division, Anna Ye
Doctoral Dissertations
Equal segregation of the genome is a prerequisite for cell survival. During cell division the duplicated DNA is compacted into chromosomes and a multi-protein macrostructure, known as the kinetochore (Kt), is assembled on each copy of compacted DNA. Simultaneously, the mitotic spindle, which is made up of microtubules (MTs), is built to facilitate the equal distribution of the chromosomes between the resulting daughter cells. Kinetochores mediate the interaction between the MTs and the chromosomes, properly positioning them for segregation. To ensure that the DNA is equally divided in every cell division, cells have built a surveillance system to detect any …
Imidacloprid, A Neonicotinoid Insecticide, Impairs Lipid And Glucose Metabolism, Quancai Sun
Imidacloprid, A Neonicotinoid Insecticide, Impairs Lipid And Glucose Metabolism, Quancai Sun
Doctoral Dissertations
Emerging evidence suggests that environmental pollutants, including insecticides, are linked to excessive weight gain and altered glucose homeostasis. However, there is currently limited knowledge regarding the biochemical mechanisms by which exposure to insecticides contribute to obesity and its associated pathologies. We first studied the influence of fipronil (a phenylpyrazole family insecticide) on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Recently imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, was reported to potentiate adipogenesis and insulin resistance in vitro. The current studies also determined the effects of imidacloprid exposure and its interaction with dietary fat in the development of adiposity and insulin resistance using both male and female C57BL/6J …
Regulated Proteolysis Of Dnaa Coordinates Cell Growth With Stress Signals In Caulobacter Crescentus, Jing Liu
Regulated Proteolysis Of Dnaa Coordinates Cell Growth With Stress Signals In Caulobacter Crescentus, Jing Liu
Doctoral Dissertations
DNA replication is an essential process in all domains of life. Replication must be precisely regulated, especially at the step of initiation. In bacteria, the replication initiator DnaA is regulated by multiple post-translational regulations to ensure timely replication. Caulobacter crescentus has the most strict replication regulation that DNA only replicates once per cell cycle, and proteolysis of DnaA identified in this species is the only irreversible way to inhibit DnaA, suggesting it might be pivotal to restricting DNA replication. However, the responsible protease(s) and mechanism for its degradation remain unclear since its first discovery in 2005. In this thesis, I …
Pore Forming Protein Assembly And The Use In Nanopore Sensing: A Study On E. Coli Proteins Clya And Ompg, Monifa Fahie
Pore Forming Protein Assembly And The Use In Nanopore Sensing: A Study On E. Coli Proteins Clya And Ompg, Monifa Fahie
Doctoral Dissertations
Pore forming proteins are typically the proteins that form channels in membranes. They have several roles ranging from molecule transport to triggering the death of a cell. This work focuses on two E. coli pore forming proteins that have vastly differing roles in nature. Outer membrane protein G (OmpG) is an innocuous β-barrel porin while Cytolysin A (ClyA) is an α-helical pore forming toxin. For OmpG we probed its potential to be a nanopore sensor for protein detection and quantification. A small high affinity ligand, biotin, was covalently attached to loop 6 of OmpG and used to capture biotin-binding proteins. …
Probing The Domain Architecture And Structural Dynamics Of Caspase-6 For Its Specific Regulation, Kevin Buadlart Dagbay
Probing The Domain Architecture And Structural Dynamics Of Caspase-6 For Its Specific Regulation, Kevin Buadlart Dagbay
Doctoral Dissertations
Caspases are cysteine aspartate proteases that direct programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Activation of caspases is tightly regulated to secure maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The aberrant regulation of caspases can act as molecular triggers for a range of diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration. The detailed exploration of caspase structure, dynamics, function, and regulation is crucial to better understand and precisely control their cellular functions. This body of work specifically provides a multi-level understanding of the unique structural dynamics and regulation of caspase-6, the function of which is implicated in Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. A detailed map …
Relationship Between Structure And Function In Nickel Proteins And Enzymes, Carolyn Carr
Relationship Between Structure And Function In Nickel Proteins And Enzymes, Carolyn Carr
Doctoral Dissertations
Nickel is a rarely used but biologically important metal that is utilized in all three domains of life. In nickel utilizing organisms there is a corresponding trafficking system specifically designed to capture nickel, deliver, and export excess nickel to prevent toxic effects. It is critical to understand the mechanisms by which organisms achieve metal selectivity to duplicate or disrupt this process for the benefit of human health and to further understanding of regulation mechanisms in biology. RcnR is a Ni(II) and Co(II) responsive transcriptional regulator in E. coli. The research reported in this dissertation focuses on the relationship between …
The Key Question In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: How Does Host Maintain A Bacterial Symbiont?, Onur Oztas
The Key Question In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: How Does Host Maintain A Bacterial Symbiont?, Onur Oztas
Doctoral Dissertations
The fact that plants cannot use nitrogen in the gaseous form makes them dependent on the levels of usable nitrogen forms in the soil. Legumes overcome nitrogen limitation by entering a symbiotic association with rhizobia, soil bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable ammonia. In root nodules, bacteria are internalized by host plant cells inside an intracellular compartment called the symbiosome where they morphologically differentiate into nitrogen-fixing forms by symbiosome-secreted host proteins. In this project, I explained the host proteins required to maintain bacterial symbionts and described their delivery to the symbiosome. I showed that the SYNTAXIN 132 (SYP132) gene …
Mechanistic Studies Of Proton Gradient-Driven Protein Translocation By Droplet-Interface Bilayer Techniques, En-Hsin Lee
Mechanistic Studies Of Proton Gradient-Driven Protein Translocation By Droplet-Interface Bilayer Techniques, En-Hsin Lee
Doctoral Dissertations
Transmembrane proton gradient plays a fundamental role in protein translocation across cellular membranes, including the transport of secreted enzymes from bacterial pathogens into host cells. Much attention has been devoted to understanding the machinery of such delivery and how it functions. Over the past decade, translocation of anthrax toxin has been widely studied not only because of its central role in the deadly pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis, but also because that it is one of the most tractable toxins and thus serves as an attractive model for studying the translocation machinery that is dependent on proton gradient across membrane. …
Adaptors At Work: Regulation Of Bacterial Proteolysis By Adaptor Hierarchies, Kamal Joshi
Adaptors At Work: Regulation Of Bacterial Proteolysis By Adaptor Hierarchies, Kamal Joshi
Doctoral Dissertations
Regulated protein degradation is essential for all life. Bacteria use energy-dependent proteases to regulate protein degradation. Recognition of a substrate is enabled by the inherent specificity of the protease and by the use of adaptor proteins that widen the spectrum of recognized substrates. In Caulobacter crescentus, the timed destruction of many regulators including CtrA by the ClpXP protease drives cell cycle progression. Although, in a test tube, ClpXP can degrade CtrA by itself and does not need any helping factors, additional factors such as CpdR, RcdA and PopA are required in vivo. Understanding how these factors modulate protease …
Exploitation And Regulation Of Apoptotic Caspases, Scott Eron
Exploitation And Regulation Of Apoptotic Caspases, Scott Eron
Doctoral Dissertations
Caspases are the cysteine proteases that govern apoptotic cell death. The regulation of these enzymes is critical in order to restrain their death-inducing capabilities until the appropriate moment. Infidelity of caspase regulation and activation underlies a plethora of human diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. This establishes a pressing need for comprehensive studies of the apoptotic caspases in order to understand all aspects of their regulation, activation, substrate preferences, structure, and function. A detailed structural view of caspase regulation would have lasting implications for future therapeutic avenues targeting caspase function or apoptosis. This dissertation chronicles caspase regulation by phosphorylation as …
Adsorption Of Biomolecules On Carbon-Based Nanomaterial As Affected By Surface Chemistry And Ionic Strength, Peng Du
Doctoral Dissertations
In the first project, we examined adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYZ) on carboxylated (CM), hydroxylated (HM) and graphitized (GM) multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs). All adsorption isotherms were fitted well with Langmuir model. Maximum adsorption capacities (mg/g) followed: HM>CM>GM for both BSA and LYZ, which positively related to the surface areas of the three CNTs. However, after surface area normalization, adsorption capacity (mg/m2) followed: HM>GM>CM for BSA and GM>CM>HM for LYZ, indicating that functional groups and hydrophobicity of CNTs also contributed to protein adsorption. In addition, adsorption of LYZ …