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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry
Trim24-Regulated Estrogen Response Is Dependent On Specific Histone Modifications In Breast Cancer Cells, Teresa T. Yiu
Trim24-Regulated Estrogen Response Is Dependent On Specific Histone Modifications In Breast Cancer Cells, Teresa T. Yiu
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
In this dissertation, I discovered that function of TRIM24 as a co-activator
of ERα-mediated transcriptional activation is dependent on specific histone
modifications in tumorigenic human breast cancer-derived MCF7 cells. In the first
part, I proved that TRIM24-PHD finger domain, which recognizes unmethylated
histone H3 lysine K4 (H3K4me0), is critical for ERα-regulated transcription.
Therefore, when LSD1-mediated demethylation of H3K4 is inhibited, activation of
TRIM24-regulated ERα target genes is greatly impaired. Importantly, I
demonstrated that TRIM24 and LSD1 are cyclically recruited to estrogen
responsive elements (EREs) in a time-dependent manner upon estrogen
induction, and depletion of their expression exert corresponding time-dependent
effect …
Functional Analysis Of Drosophila Integrator Complex In Snrna 3' End Processing, Jiandong Chen
Functional Analysis Of Drosophila Integrator Complex In Snrna 3' End Processing, Jiandong Chen
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs) play essential roles in eukaryotic gene expression by facilitating the removal of introns from mRNA precursors and the processing of the replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs. Formation of the 3’ end of these snRNAs is carried out by a poorly characterized, twelve-membered protein complex named Integrator Complex.
In the effort to understand Integrator Complex function in the formation of the snRNA 3’ end, we performed a functional RNAi screen in Drosophila S2 cells to identify protein factors required for snRNA 3’ end formation. This screen was conducted by using a fluorescence-based reporter that elicits GFP expression …
Biochemical Characterization Of Binding Partners Of Two Hsp70 Co-Chaperones In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Jacob Verghese
Biochemical Characterization Of Binding Partners Of Two Hsp70 Co-Chaperones In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Jacob Verghese
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Cells are exposed to a variety of environmental and physiological changes including temperature, pH and nutrient availability. These changes cause stress to cells, which results in protein misfolding and altered cellular protein homeostasis. How proteins fold into their three-dimensional functional structure is a fundamental biological process with important relevance to human health. Misfolded and aggregated proteins are linked to multiple neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease and cystic fibrosis. To combat proteotoxic stress, cells deploy an array of molecular chaperones that assist in the repair or removal of misfolded proteins.
Hsp70, an evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperone, promotes protein folding and helps maintain …
A Study On The Function Of 14-3-3sigma In Regulating Cancer Energy Metabolism, Liem M. Phan, Liem M. Phan
A Study On The Function Of 14-3-3sigma In Regulating Cancer Energy Metabolism, Liem M. Phan, Liem M. Phan
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to be a major cancer hallmark providing tumor cells with significant advantages for survival, proliferation, growth, metastasis and resistance against anti-cancer therapies. Glycolysis, glutaminolysis and mitochondrial biogenesis are among the most essential cancer metabolic alterations because these pathways provide cancer cells with not only energy but also crucial metabolites to support large-scale biosynthesis, rapid proliferation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we find that 14-3-3σ suppresses all these three metabolic processes by promoting the degradation of their main driver, c-Myc. In fact, 14-3-3s significantly enhances c-Myc poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, reduces c-Myc transcriptional activity, and down-regulates …
Characterization Of Beryllium As A Novel Agent To Study Cell Cycle Arrest And Cellular Senescence, Priyatham Gorjala
Characterization Of Beryllium As A Novel Agent To Study Cell Cycle Arrest And Cellular Senescence, Priyatham Gorjala
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Cancer cells evade senescence, apoptosis, and other constraints on proliferation, often via mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene (TP53). Normal human lung fibroblasts have been shown to enter premature senescence upon exposure to beryllium. In these cells, BeSO4 stabilizes p53 protein, increases p21 gene expression, induces senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and causes cell proliferation arrest. In the present study, we have investigated whether BeSO4 is able to induce similar effects in cancer cells that have wildtype p53. We have demonstrated that beryllium salt at low concentration can induce molecular changes in the p53 signaling pathway leading to cell …
Green Tea Extract Protects Against Fibrogenesis Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Diet-Induced Obese Rats, Allyson M. Bower
Green Tea Extract Protects Against Fibrogenesis Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Diet-Induced Obese Rats, Allyson M. Bower
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Real-Time Measurements Of Blood Nitric Oxide (No) And Hydrogen Peroxide (H2o2) Levels Under Acute Hyperglycemia, Michael Minni
The Real-Time Measurements Of Blood Nitric Oxide (No) And Hydrogen Peroxide (H2o2) Levels Under Acute Hyperglycemia, Michael Minni
PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest recognizable events under hyperglycemic conditions. It is characterized by decreased endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) overproduction. However, the real-time changes in blood NO and H2O2 levels under acute hyperglycemia have not been evaluated. In this study, acute hyperglycemia (200 mg/dl, 400 mg/dL, and 600 mg/dL) was induced by intravenous infusion of 20%, 30%, and 50% D-glucose respectively for 180 min. Infusion of saline or 30% L-glucose serve as controls. Blood NO or H2 …
Regulation Of Toxin Synthesis By Clostridium Difficile, Charles Darkoh
Regulation Of Toxin Synthesis By Clostridium Difficile, Charles Darkoh
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Clostridium difficile is the leading definable cause of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide due to its virulence, multi-drug resistance, spore-forming ability, and environmental persistence. The incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) has been increasing exponentially in the last decade. Virulent strains of C. difficile produce either toxin A and/or toxin B, which are essential for the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Current methods for diagnosing CDI are mostly qualitative tests that detect the bacterium, the toxins, or the toxin genes. These methods do not differentiate virulent C. difficile strains that produce active toxins from non-virulent strains that do not produce toxins or produce …
Identification Of Persistent Long Range Interactions In GA95 And GB95 Through Thermal Unfolding Simulations, Milen Redai Tesfamariam
Identification Of Persistent Long Range Interactions In GA95 And GB95 Through Thermal Unfolding Simulations, Milen Redai Tesfamariam
Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations
For over five decades, different experiments have been performed to research how proteins attain their native three dimensional structures. However, the folding problem continues to be a puzzle in modern science. The design of two proteins that have maximal sequence identity but different folds and functions is one method that is being used to study the relationship between protein structure and amino acid sequence. In particular, mutant proteins of Streptococcus protein G, GA and GB, have 95% sequence identity and a 3a helix fold and β4/a fold, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations of GA95 …
Cholesterol Lowering Effects Of Milk With Added Phytosterols, Laura Kells Cusack
Cholesterol Lowering Effects Of Milk With Added Phytosterols, Laura Kells Cusack
Master's Theses
Foods incorporating plant sterols (PS) reduce Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on average approximately 10%. PS with a higher lipid solubility may promote greater reductions. We examined the cholesterol lowering effect of a novel triglyceride recrystallized phystosterol (TRP). Twenty subjects (mean ± SD; age, 56 ± 10 years; BMI, 27 ± 5) with elevated LDL (>100 mg/dL) participated in three 4-week phases; Phase I, 2% milk; Phase II, milk with 2.0 grams (g) free PS; Phase III, milk with 2.0 g TRP. Before and after each phase two fasting blood draws were obtained for determination of serum cholesterol. Between the 2% …
The Role Of Hsp70 In Cancer: A Study Of The Hsp70 / Akt Relationship, John Koren
The Role Of Hsp70 In Cancer: A Study Of The Hsp70 / Akt Relationship, John Koren
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones is essential for
protein folding, re-folding misfolded client proteins, clearance
of aberrant client proteins, and can also inhibit programmed
cell death. There are two major cytosolic members of this
family: the constitutive Hsc70, and the inducible Hsp72. Under
stress conditions the Hsp70 family protects the cell from
protein related damage by the induction of Hsp72. Hsc70 and
Hsp72 are highly homologous with minor differences in
substrate binding. In cancers, Hsp72 is commonly induced and
this induction is thought to aid in cancer cell survival. In these
studies we demonstrate the differential regulation of the …
Understanding The Gender-Based Mechanism Of Mso In Als Mice: A Metabolic Characterization Of The Sod1-G93a Mouse Model, Monica Ann Bame
Understanding The Gender-Based Mechanism Of Mso In Als Mice: A Metabolic Characterization Of The Sod1-G93a Mouse Model, Monica Ann Bame
Wayne State University Dissertations
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron death and a corresponding loss of neuromuscular connections resulting in muscle atrophy. Patients become paralyzed shortly after symptom onset and typically die within one to five years of pulmonary complications. ALS is a relatively rare disease, with an overall incidence of approximately 2 in 100,000 people per year and a prevalence of about 5 in 100,000 people. It is typically associated with increasing age and has a slight male prevalence, with a male to female ratio of approximately 3:2. ALS is classified as either familial (the less …
Enantioselective Demethylation: The Key To The Nornicotine Enantiomeric Composition In Tobacco Leaf, Bin Cai
Enantioselective Demethylation: The Key To The Nornicotine Enantiomeric Composition In Tobacco Leaf, Bin Cai
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Nicotine and nornicotine are the two main alkaloids that accumulate in Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco), and nornicotine is the N-demethylation metabolite of nicotine. Nicotine is synthesized in the root, and probably primarily in the root tip. Both nicotine and nornicotine exist as two isomers that differ from each other by the orientation of H atom at the C-2' position on the pyrrolidine ring. (S)-nicotine is the dominant form in tobacco leaf and the enantiomer fraction of nicotine (EFnic), the fraction of (R)-enantiomer over the total nicotine, is approximately 0.002. Despite considerable efforts to elucidate nicotine and nornicotine …