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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry
Short-Term Versus Long-Term Effects Of Nitrogen Addition And Warming On Ecosystem N Dynamics In A Grass-Dominated Temperate Old Field, Benjamin F. A. Souriol
Short-Term Versus Long-Term Effects Of Nitrogen Addition And Warming On Ecosystem N Dynamics In A Grass-Dominated Temperate Old Field, Benjamin F. A. Souriol
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and climate warming are both anticipated to influence the ecosystem N dynamics of northern temperate ecosystems substantially over the next century. Nevertheless, in field experiments with N addition and warming treatments, temporal scale can play an important role in determining the extent of treatment effects on N dynamics, and it is unclear to what extent the results of short-term studies can be extrapolated to responses over longer time scales. I compared the short-term versus long-term effects of N addition and warming on net N mineralization, N leaching, and N retention in a grass-dominated old field. …
The Effect Of Breathing Patterns Common To Competitive Swimming On Gas Exchange And Muscle Deoxygenation During Heavy-Intensity Fartlek Exercise, Kevin J. Grossman
The Effect Of Breathing Patterns Common To Competitive Swimming On Gas Exchange And Muscle Deoxygenation During Heavy-Intensity Fartlek Exercise, Kevin J. Grossman
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The purpose of this study was to compare the respiratory and muscle deoxygenation (HHb) responses of regulated breathing versus free-breathing, during continuous exercise (CONLD) and intermittent 5s breath holds (BH) (CONLD-BH), intermittent 5s sprint (FLK) and combined 5s BH and sprint (FLK-BH) followed by 25s of free-breathing. Oxygen uptake(V̇O2)was unchanged between CONLD (2.12±0.35L/min) and CONLD-BH (2.15±0.42L/min; p=0.116), and FLK (2.24±0.40L/min) and FLK-BH (2.20±0.45L/min; p=0.861). Δ[Hbtot]: CONLD (3.3±1.6µM) > CONLD-BH (-2.5±1.2µM; ∆177%; p<0.001), but unchanged between FLK (2.0±1.6µM) and FLK-BH (0.82±1.4µM; p=0.979). Δ[HHb]: CONLD (7.3±1.8µM) > CONLD-BH (7.0±2.0µM; ∆4%; p=0.011), and FLK (6.7±1.8µM) < FLK-BH (8.7±2.4µM; p<0.001). It is suggested that the unchanged V̇O2 between CONLD and CONLD-BH was supported by increased deoxygenation, reflected by decreased ∆[Hbtot] and blunted …
Molecular Identification And Characterization Of Viral Pathogens Infecting Sweet Cherry, Aaron J. Simkovich
Molecular Identification And Characterization Of Viral Pathogens Infecting Sweet Cherry, Aaron J. Simkovich
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Stone fruits are a valuable crop grown worldwide, however pathogens such as viruses threaten fruit production by reducing tree health and fruit yield. In an orchard within the Niagara region of Ontario, symptoms typical of viral infection such as chlorosis and leaf deformation were seen on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees. Next generation sequencing was performed on symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves and four viruses were identified. On the tree displaying the most severe symptoms, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), was the only virus detected. A survey conducted during this work showed 42% of cherry trees on a single …
Engineering Self-Assembling Proteins To Produce A Safe And Effective Vaccine For Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome, Ondre H. Harper
Engineering Self-Assembling Proteins To Produce A Safe And Effective Vaccine For Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome, Ondre H. Harper
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Commercially available vaccines for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) provide some control over the virus but none are ideal since they either are not completely safe for use, lack efficacy in promoting long-lasting immunity or provide no protection from heterologous PRRSV strains. Innovative approaches to designing vaccines are being pursued to overcome these drawbacks. One example is the use of nanoparticles to present a dense array of antigenic epitopes to the immune system which can effectively stimulate antibody producing cells (B cells) and T cells, resulting in long-lasting immunity. Here, I genetically fused antigenic epitopes from PRRSV to …
Regulation Of Liver Mitochondrial Metabolism During Hibernation By Post-Translational Modification, Katherine E. Mathers
Regulation Of Liver Mitochondrial Metabolism During Hibernation By Post-Translational Modification, Katherine E. Mathers
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Hibernation, characterized by a seasonal reduction in metabolism and body temperature, allows animals to conserve energy when environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, food availability) are unfavourable. During hibernation, small mammals such as the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) cycle between two distinct metabolic states: torpor, where metabolic rate is suppressed by >95% and body temperature falls to ~5 °C, and interbout euthermia (IBE), where metabolic rate and body temperature rapidly increase and are maintained at euthermic levels several hours. Suppression of metabolism during entrance into torpor is paralleled by rapid suppression of liver mitochondrial metabolism. In my thesis, I …
Iron-Regulated Cyanobacterial Predominance And Siderophore Production In Oligotrophic Freshwater Lakes, Ryan J. Sorichetti
Iron-Regulated Cyanobacterial Predominance And Siderophore Production In Oligotrophic Freshwater Lakes, Ryan J. Sorichetti
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoblooms) is increasing globally. Contrary to existing phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) paradigms describing cyanobloom proliferation in eutrophic (nutrient-rich) freshwater lakes, many of the recent cyanobloom reports pertain to oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) freshwater lakes with no prior history of cyanobloom occurrence. There exists a critical research need to re-visit existing conceptual models, identify regulating factors currently unaccounted for and improve our ability to effectively detect and measure cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) in lakes. Iron (Fe) is required in nearly all pathways of cyanobacterial macronutrient use, though its direct role in regulating cyanobacterial biomass is not …
The Role Of Metallothionein In Zinc Homeostasis, Kelly L. Summers
The Role Of Metallothionein In Zinc Homeostasis, Kelly L. Summers
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The structure of the unique metal-binding protein, metallothionein (MT), consists of two metal-thiolate-clustered binding domains; the β-domain binds up to three divalent metals and the α-domain binds four. The mechanisms through which the metals are bound and arranged into domains, as well as the function of MT in metal ion homeostasis, remains largely unknown. By utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) to identify each species, and by comparing the data with simulations, MT 1a was found to bind Zn2+ non-cooperatively. Through a competition experiment between MT and its individual domain peptides, MT was proposed to bind Zn2+ …
Identification Of Cyclophilin Gene Family In Soybean And Characterization Of Gmcyp1, Hemanta Raj Mainali
Identification Of Cyclophilin Gene Family In Soybean And Characterization Of Gmcyp1, Hemanta Raj Mainali
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
I identified members of the Cyclophilin (CYP) gene family in soybean (Glycine max) and characterized the GmCYP1, one of the members of soybean CYP. CYPs belong to the immunophilin superfamily with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. PPIase catalyzes the interconversion of the cis- and trans-rotamers of the peptidyl-prolyl amide bond of peptides. After extensive data mining, I identified 62 different CYP genes in soybean (GmCYP1 to GmCYP62), of which 8 are multi-domain proteins and 54 are single domain proteins. At least 25% of the GmCYP genes are expressed in soybean. GmCYP1 …
Cadmium Accumulation And Distribution In Lettuce And Barley, Fardausi Akhter
Cadmium Accumulation And Distribution In Lettuce And Barley, Fardausi Akhter
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential trace element and its environmental concentrations are increasing due to human activities. Edible plants can accumulate high concentrations of Cd, which could be toxic to humans. Understanding how and where Cd is stored in plants is important for ensuring lower concentration of Cd in the food. In this thesis, the accumulation and distribution of Cd in three agricultural plants, namely lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), were investigated with a focus on the potential mechanisms involved in the localization of Cd in the root. The …
Nip/Duoxa Is Essential For Drosophila Embryonic Development And Regulates Oxidative Stress Response., Xiaojun Xie, Jack Hu, Xiping Liu, Hanjuan Qin, Anthony Percival-Smith, Yong Rao, Shawn S C Li
Nip/Duoxa Is Essential For Drosophila Embryonic Development And Regulates Oxidative Stress Response., Xiaojun Xie, Jack Hu, Xiping Liu, Hanjuan Qin, Anthony Percival-Smith, Yong Rao, Shawn S C Li
Biochemistry Publications
NIP/DuoxA, originally cloned as a protein capable of binding to the cell fate determinant Numb in Drosophila, was recently identified as a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mammalian systems. Despite biochemical and cellular studies that link NIP/DuoxA to the generation of ROS through the dual oxidase (Duox) enzyme, the in vivo function of NIP/DuoxA has not been characterized to date. Here we report a genetic and functional characterization of nip in Drosophila melanogaster. We show that nip is essential for Drosophila development as nip null mutants die at the 1(st) larval instar. Expression of UAS-nip, but not …