Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons^™

Mri-Compatible Bioreactors And Methods Of Using, Shadi Othman, Huihui Xu, Karin Wartella, Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi, Ian Bargar

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

This disclosure describes a MRI-compatible bioreactor that allows a biological sample to be imaged in culture without disrupting or compromising the culture.

How Do Free-Living, Lerp-Forming, And Gall-Inducing Aphalaridae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) Affect The Nutritional Quality Of Eucalyptus Leaves?, Anamika Sharma, James Allen, Soundararajan Madhavan, Anantanarayanan Raman, Gary S. Taylor, Murray J. Fletcher

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

About 380 described species of Psylloidea occur on Eucalyptus in Australia. These show differences in diversification, feeding behavior, and apparent patterns of development. We analyzed the quality of nutrients used by three species of Aphalaridae belonging to different feeding guilds on three species of Eucalyptus. We evaluated the quantity and quality of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotope ratios, amino acids, and fatty acids. In general, TNC levels were greater in infested leaves than in uninfested leaves of the three species of Eucalyptus. TNC levels in the leaves of E. macrorhyncha F. …

Overaccumulation Of Γ-Glutamylcysteine In A Jasmonate-Hypersensitive Arabidopsis Mutant Causes Jasmonate-Dependent Growth Inhibition, Hsin-Ho Wei, Martha Rowe, Jean-Jack M. Riethoven, Ryan Grove, Jiri Adamec, Yusuke Jikumaru, Paul E. Staswick

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Glutathione (GSH) is essential for many aspects of plant biology and is associated with jasmonate signaling in stress responses. We characterized an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) jasmonate-hypersensitive mutant (jah2) with seedling root growth 100-fold more sensitive to inhibition by the hormone jasmonyl-isoleucine than the wild type. Genetic mapping and genome sequencing determined that the mutation is in intron 6 of GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE2, encoding the enzyme that converts γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC) to GSH. The level of GSH in jah2 was 71% of the wild type, while the phytoalexin-deficient2-1 (pad2-1) mutant, defective in GSH1 and …

First Evidence For Substrate Channeling Between Proline Catabolic Enzymes A Validation Of Domain Fusion Analysis For Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions, Nikhilesh Sanyal, Benjamin W. Arentson, John J. Tanner, Donald F. Becker

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Background: PRODH and P5CDH from Thermus thermophilus are monofunctional enzymes in proline catabolism.

Results: Steady-state kinetics and intermediate trapping data show the PRODH and P5CDH reactions are coupled by a channeling step.

Conclusion: Substrate channeling in monofunctional enzymes is achieved via weak interactions.

Significance: Evidence for substrate channeling between monofunctional proline catabolic enzymes is shown and confirms the Rosetta Stone hypothesis.

Drosophila Muller F Elements Maintain A Distinct Set Of Genomic Properties Over 40 Million Years Of Evolution, Wilson Leung, Cheryl Bailey, Participating Students And Faculty Of The Genomics Education Partnership

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The Muller F element (4.2 Mb, ~80 protein-coding genes) is an unusual autosome of Drosophila melanogaster; it is mostly heterochromatic with a low recombination rate. To investigate how these properties impact the evolution of repeats and genes, we manually improved the sequence and annotated the genes on the D. erecta, D. mojavensis, and D. grimshawi F elements and euchromatic domains from the Muller D element. We find that F elements have greater transposon density (25–50%) than euchromatic reference regions (3–11%). Among the F elements, D. grimshawi has the lowest transposon density (particularly DINE-1: 2% vs. 11–27%). F …

Overexpression Of Alpha-Synuclein At Non-Toxic Levels Increases Dopaminergic Cell Death Induced By Copper Exposure Via Modulation Of Protein Degradation Pathways, Annadurai Anandhan, Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha, Iryna Bohovych, Amy M. Griggs, Laura Zavala-Flores, Elsa M. Reyes-Reyes, Javier Seravalli, Lia A. Stanciu, Jaekwon Lee, Jean-Christophe Rochet, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Rodrigo Franco

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Gene multiplications or point mutations in alpha (α)-synuclein are associated with familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). An increase in copper (Cu) levels has been reported in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of PD patients, while occupational exposure to Cu has been suggested to augment the risk to develop PD. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which α-synuclein and Cu regulate dopaminergic cell death. Short-term overexpression of WT or A53T α-synuclein had no toxic effect in human dopaminergic cells and primary midbrain cultures, but it exerted a synergistic effect on Cu-induced cell death. Cell death induced by Cu was …

Triacylglycerol Synthesis During Nitrogen Stress Involves The Prokaryotic Lipid Synthesis Pathway And Acyl Chain Remodeling In The Microalgae Coccomyxa Subellipsoidea, James W. Allen, Concetta C. Dirusso, Paul N. Black

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Triglyceride (TAG) synthesis during nitrogen starvation and recovery was addressed using Coccomyxa subellipsoidea by analyzing acylchain composition and redistribution using a bioreactor-controlled time course. Galactolipids, phospholipids and TAGs were profiled using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS). TAG levels increased linearly through 10 days of N starvation to a final concentration of 12.6% dry weight (DW), while chloroplast membrane lipids decreased from 5% to 1.5% DW. The relative quantities of TAG molecular species, differing in acyl chain length and glycerol backbone position, remained unchanged from 3 to 10 days of N starvation. Six TAG species comprised approximately half the TAG …

Metalloprotease Oma1 Fine-Tunes Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Function And Respiratory Supercomplex Stability, Iryna Bohovych, Mario R. Fernandez, Jennifer J. Rahn, Krista D. Stackley, Jennifer E. Bestman, Annadurai Anandhan, Rodrigo Franco, Steven M. Claypool, Robert E. Lewis, Sherine S.L. Chan, Oleh Khalimonchuk

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Mitochondria are involved in key cellular functions including energy production, metabolic homeostasis, and apoptosis. Normal mitochondrial function is preserved by several interrelated mechanisms. One mechanism – intramitochondrial quality control (IMQC) – is represented by conserved proteases distributed across mitochondrial compartments. Many aspects and physiological roles of IMQC components remain unclear. Here, we show that the IMQC protease Oma₁ is required for the stability of the respiratory supercomplexes and thus balanced and tunable bioenergetic function. Loss of Oma1 activity leads to a specific destabilization of respiratory supercomplexes and consequently to unbalanced respiration and progressive respiratory decline in yeast. Similarly, experiments …

Rerouting Cellular Electron Flux To Increase The Rate Of Biological Methane Production, Jennie L. Catlett, Alicia M. Ortiz, Nicole R. Baun

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Methanogens are anaerobic archaea that grow by producing methane, a gas that is both an efficient renewable fuel and a potent greenhouse gas. We observed that overexpression of the cytoplasmic heterodisulfide reductase enzyme HdrABC increased the rate of methane production from methanol by 30% without affecting the growth rate relative to the parent strain. Hdr enzymes are essential in all known methane-producing archaea. They function as the terminal oxidases in the methanogen electron transport system by reducing the coenzymeM(2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) and coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine sulfonate) heterodisulfide, CoM-S-S-CoB, to regenerate the thiol-coenzymes for reuse. In Methanosarcina acetivorans, HdrABC expression caused …

Correction For Sandai Et Al., The Evolutionary Rewiring Of Ubiquitination Targets Has Reprogrammed The Regulation Of Carbon Assimilation In The Pathogenic Yeast Candida Albicans, Doblin Sandai, Zhikang Yin, Laura Selway, David Stead, Janet Walker, Michelle D. Leach, Iryna Bohovych, Iuliana V. Ene, Stavroula Kastora, Susan Budge, Carol A. Munro, Frank C. Odds, Neil A.R. Gow, Alistair J.P. Brown

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Role Of Micrornas In Alcohol-Induced Multi-Organ Injury, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Joseph M. Pachunka, Justin L. Mott

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Alcohol consumption and its abuse is a major health problem resulting in significant healthcare cost in the United States. Chronic alcoholism results in damage to most of the vital organs in the human body. Among the alcohol-induced injuries, alcoholic liver disease is one of the most prevalent in the United States. Remarkably, ethanol alters expression of a wide variety of microRNAs that can regulate alcohol-induced complications or dysfunctions. In this review, we will discuss the role of microRNAs in alcoholic pancreatitis, alcohol-induced liver damage, intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, and brain damage including altered hippocampus structure and function, and neuronal loss, …

Some Of The Most Interesting Casp11 Targets Through The Eyes Of Their Authors, Andriy Kryshtafovych, John Moult, Arnaud Basle, Alex Burgin, Timonthy K. Craig, Robert A. Edwards, Deborah Fass, Marcus D. Hartmann, Mateusz Korycinski, Richard J. Lewis, Donald Lorimer, Andrei N. Lupas, Janet Newman, Thomas S. Peat, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Janani Prahlad, Mark J. Van Raaij, Forest Rohwer, Anca M. Segall, Victor Seguritan, Eric J. Sundberg, Abhimanyu K. Singh, Mark A. Wilson, Torsten Schwede

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP) experiment would not have been possible without the prediction targets provided by the experimental structural biology community. In this article, selected crystallographers providing targets for the CASP11 experiment discuss the functional and biological significance of the target proteins, highlight their most interesting structural features, and assess whether these features were correctly reproduced in the predictions submitted to CASP11.

Organization Of The Mammalian Ionome According To Organ Origin, Lineage Specialization, And Longevity, Siming Ma, Sang-Goo Lee, Eun Bae Kim, Thomas J. Park, Andrei Seluanov, Vera Gorbunova, Rochelle Buffenstein, Javier Seravalli, Vadim N. Gladyshev

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Trace elements are essential to all mammals, but their distribution and utilization across species and organs remains unclear. Here, we examined 18 elements in the brain, heart, kidney, and liver of 26 mammalian species and report the elemental composition of these organs, the patterns of utilization across the species, and their correlation with body mass and longevity. Across the organs, we observed distinct distribution patterns for abundant elements, transition metals, and toxic elements. Some elements showed lineage-specific patterns, including reduced selenium utilization in African mole rats, and positive correlation between the number of selenocysteine residues in selenoprotein P and the …

Hare-Mediated Endocytosis Of Hyaluronan And Heparin Is Targeted By Different Subsets Of Three Endocytic Motifs, Madhu S. Pandey, Edward N. Harris, Paul H. Weigel

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The hyaluronan (HA) receptor for endocytosis (HARE) is a multifunctional recycling clearance receptor for 14 different ligands, including HA and heparin (Hep), which bind to discrete nonoverlapping sites. Four different functional endocytic motifs (M) in the cytoplasmic domain (CD) target coated pit mediated uptake: (YSYFRI²⁴⁸⁵ (M1), FQHF²⁴⁹⁵ (M2), NPLY²⁵¹⁹ (M3), and DPF²⁵³⁴ (M4)). We previously found (Pandey et al. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 21453, 2008) that M1, M2, and M3 mediate endocytosis of HA. Here we assessed the ability of HARE variants with a single-motif deletion …

Advances In Hyaluronan Biology: Signaling, Regulation, And Disease Mechanisms, Melanie A. Simpson, Carol De La Motte, Larry S. Sherman, Paul H. Weigel

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Hyaluronan is an extracellular glycosaminoglycan polymer consisting of linear disaccharide units containing alternating glucuronate and N-acetylglucosamine.Many cell types make hyaluronan, which unlike most other macromolecules is assembled at the plasmamembrane and concurrently translocated through the hyaluronan synthase enzyme. The normal function of large hyaluronan polymers (>1MDa) in tissue cushioning, hydration, and lubrication is well established. The aberrant accumulation and degradation of hyaluronan and the receptor-mediated signaling of smaller hyaluronan fragments have also been extensively implicated in a variety of pathological states including inflammation and cancer. More recently, the discovery that hyaluronan can either be a structural matrix component or …

Salivary Gland Structure Of Ctenarytaina Eucalypti (Maskell, 1890) (Hemiptera) And Phloem Exudate In Eucalyptus Globulus Labillarière, 1799 (Myrtaceae), Anamika Sharma, Soundararajan Madhavan, Anantanarayanan Raman, Gary S. Taylor, Murray J. Fletcher

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The structure of the salivary glands of the free-living aphalarid Ctenarytaina eucalypti, which infests multiple species of Eucalyptus in Australasia and has been introduced into many other regions of the world, is described and illustrated. The principal salivary gland is multilobed whereas the accessory gland is tubular. 1-D electrophoresis revealed proteins of approximately 58 and 64 kDa in the salivary gland extracts and proteins of similar molecular weights in the extracted plant exudates, including phloem, from infested leaves and tender shoots of E. globulus. Proteins that could fall within this range include, but are not limited to, …

Janus-Faced Sestrin2 Controls Ros And Mtor Signalling Through Two Separate Functional Domains, Hanseong Kim, Sojin An, Seung-Hyun Ro, Filipa Teixeira, Gyeong Jin Park, Cheal Kim, Chun-Seok Cho, Jeong-Sig Kim, Ursula Jakob, Jun Hee Lee, Uhn-Soo Cho

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Sestrins are stress-inducible metabolic regulators with two seemingly unrelated but physiologically important functions: reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). How Sestrins fulfil this dual role has remained elusive so far. Here we report the crystal structure of human Sestrin2 (hSesn2), and show that hSesn2 is twofold pseudo-symmetric with two globular subdomains, which are structurally similar but functionally distinct from each other. While the N-terminal domain (Sesn-A) reduces alkylhydroperoxide radicals through its helix–turn–helix oxidoreductase motif, the C-terminal domain (Sesn-C) modified this motif to accommodate physical interaction with GATOR2 and subsequent …

Genetic Variation In Miscanthus X Giganteus And The Importance Of Estimating Genetic Distance Thresholds For Differentiating Clones, Katarzyna Glowacka, Lindsay V. Clark, Shivani Adhikari, Junhua Peng, J. Ryan Stewart, Aya Nishiwaki, Toshihiko Yamada, Uffe Jorgensen, Trevor R. Hodkinson, Justin Gifford, John A. Juvik, Erik J. Sacks

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) is an important bioenergy feedstock crop, however, genetic diversity among legacy cultivars may be severely constrained. Only one introduction from Japan to Denmark of this sterile, triploid, vegetatively propagated crop was recorded in the 1930s. We sought to determine if the Mxg cultivars in North America were all synonyms, and if they were derived from the European introduction. We used 64 nuclear and five chloroplast simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to estimate genetic similarity for 27 Mxg accessions from North America, and compared them with six accessions from Europe, including the species’ type-specimen. A subset of …

Use Of Designer Nucleases For Targeted Gene And Genome Editing In Plants, Donald P. Weeks, Martin H. Spalding, Bing Yang

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The ability to efficiently inactivate or replace genes in model organisms allowed a rapid expansion of our understanding of many of the genetic, biochemical, molecular and cellular mechanisms that support life. With the advent of new techniques for manipulating genes and genomes that are applicable not only to single-celled organisms, but also to more complex organisms such as animals and plants, the speed with which scientists and biotechnologists can expand fundamental knowledge and apply that knowledge to improvements in medicine, industry and agriculture is set to expand in an exponential fashion. At the heart of these advancements will be the …

Secretoglobin And Transferrin Expression In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Of Horses With Chronic Respiratory Disease, M. Miskovic Feutz, Laurent Couetil, C.P. Riley, X. Zhang, J. Adamec, R.E. Raskin

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Background: Lower expression of secretoglobin and transferrin has been found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of a small number of horses with experimentally induced signs of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) compared to healthy controls.

Hypothesis/Objectives: Secretoglobin and transferrin BALF expression will be similarly decreased in horses with naturally occurring clinical signs of RAO and in horses with experimentally induced clinical signs of RAO as compared to healthy controls and intermediate in horses with inflammatory airway disease (IAD).

Animals: Recurrent airway obstruction-affected and control horses were subjected to an experimental hay exposure trial to induce signs of RAO. Client-owned horses …

Oxygenation Properties And Isoform Diversity Of Snake Hemoglobins, Jay F. Storz, Chandrasekhar Natarajan, Hideaki Moriyama, Federico G. Hoffmann, Tobias Wang, Angela Fago, Hans Malte, Johannes Overgaard, Roy E. Weber

Jay F. Storz Publications

Available data suggest that snake hemoglobins (Hbs) are characterized by a combination of unusual structural and functional properties relative to the Hbs of other amniote vertebrates, including oxygenation-linked tetramer-dimer dissociation. However, standardized comparative data are lacking for snake Hbs, and the Hb isoform composition of snake red blood cells has not been systematically characterized. Here we present the results of an integrated analysis of snake Hbs and the underlying α- and β-type globin genes to characterize 1) Hb isoform composition of definitive erythrocytes, and 2) the oxygenation properties of isolated isoforms as well as composite hemolysates. We used species from …

Genetically Based Low Oxygen Affinities Of Felid Hemoglobins: Lack Of Biochemical Adaptation To High-Altitude Hypoxia In The Snow Leopard, Jan E. Janecka, Simone S. E. Nielsen, Sidsel D. Andersen, Federico G. Hoffmann, Roy E. Weber, Trevor Anderson, Jay F. Storz, Angela Fago

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Genetically based modifications of hemoglobin (Hb) function that increase blood–O₂ affinity are hallmarks of hypoxia adaptation in vertebrates. Among mammals, felid Hbs are unusual in that they have low intrinsic O₂ affinities and reduced sensitivities to the allosteric cofactor 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG). This combination of features compromises the acclimatization capacity of blood–O2 affinity and has led to the hypothesis that felids have a restricted physiological niche breadth relative to other mammals. In seeming defiance of this conjecture, the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) has an extraordinarily broad elevational distribution and occurs at elevations above 6000 m in the Himalayas. Here, …

Modeling Atp-Binding Cassette G2 (Abcg2) Substrate Specificity, Raghav D. Acharya, Aurijit Sarkar, Glen E. Kellogg

Undergraduate Research Posters

How well can we predict efflux by ATP-binding cassette G2?

It is estimated that there will be about 1.6 million new cases of cancer and half a million cancer deaths in the US during 2015.ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters such as ABCG2 are overexpressed in chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells. Anticancer drugs are prone to efflux by these transporters. Being able to identify drugs that are effluxed is of great interest in drug discovery.The current arsenal of methods used to detect efflux are not easily adaptable to high throughput formats and are limited in scope, making experimental analysis an expensive prospect. Hence, …

Effects Of Refuges On The Evolution Of Resistance To Transgenic Corn By The Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte, Jennifer Deitloff, Mike W. Dunbar, David A. Ingber, Bruce E. Hibbard, Aaron J. Gassmann

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is a major pest of corn and causes over a billion dollars of economic loss annually through yield reductions and management costs. Corn producing toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been developed to help manageD. v. virgifera.However, previous studies have demonstrated the ability of this species to evolve resistance to Bt toxins in both laboratory and field settings.

RESULTS: We used an experimental evolution approach to test the refuge strategies for delaying resistance of D. v. virgifera to corn producing Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1. In the absence of refuges, D. v. virgifera developed resistance to …

Efficacy Of Ultraviolet Radiation To Control Lactic Acid Bacteria In Wine Must, Brian D. Williams

All Master's Theses

The use of shortwave ultraviolet (UV_c) radiation to control lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine production was studied. A simulated wine sterilizer was built using a commercially sourced ultraviolet (UV) sterilizer commonly used in aquariums and ponds. After growing cultures in test tubes, samples of five different species of LAB were introduced into white grape juice adjusted for brix and pH to match that of wine must commonly found in the Yakima Valley American Viticultural Area. The mixture was then agitated and allowed time to evenly distribute the bacteria throughout the juice. The juice was sent through the …

Evaluation Of Intestinal Microbial Diversity And A New Antibiotic Regimen In Crohn's Disease Patients, Karel Alcedo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory bowel disease involving Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Other microorganisms such as adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) have also been proposed in CD association. To date, only one study investigated both MAP and AIEC simultaneously using peripheral blood but not in affected intestinal tissues. A standardized and effective antibiotic therapy against MAP and/or AIEC is needed for better treatment. Three antibiotic drugs – Clarithromycin (CLA), Rifabutin (RIF), and Clofazimine (CLO) have been used to treat CD patients suspected with MAP infection. However, the outcome has been controversial. The treatment dosage is high, the …

Genetically-Programmed Suicide Of Adrenergic Cells In The Mouse Leads To Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Impaired Weight Gain, And Symptoms Of Neurological Dysfunction, Aaron Owji

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (Pnmt) catalyzes the conversion of noradrenaline to adrenaline and is the last enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway. Pnmt serves as a marker for adrenergic cells, and lineage-tracing experiments have identified the embryonic heart and hindbrain region as the first sites of Pnmt expression in the mouse. Pnmt expression in the heart occurs before the adrenal glands have formed and prior to sympathetic innervation, suggesting that the heart is the first site of catecholamine production in the mouse. The function of these Pnmt+ cells in heart development remains unclear. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that (i) …

Differential Expression Of Proteins Involved In Vldl Trafficking Causes Reduced Vldl Secretion In Male Ames Dwarf Mice, Faisal Ahmed Moinuddin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been recorded as the number one cause of death worldwide, accounting for 32% of total deaths annually. More than two-thirds of all CVD cases are associated with atherosclerosis, which is the accumulation of fats and other substances causing plaque formation in the interior walls of major arteries. This leads to narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the arteries, ultimately resulting in angina, heart attack and/or stroke. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and associated CVDs is strongly linked to elevated secretion of liver-specific lipoproteins called very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDLs are crucial lipoproteins responsible for …

Identification Of Key Proteins In Human Epithelial Cells Responding To Bystander Signals From Irradiated Trout Skin, Hayley Furlong, Richard Smith, Jiaxi Wang, Colin Seymour, Carmel Mothersill, Orla L. Howe

Articles

Radiation-induced bystander signaling has been found to occur in live rainbow trout fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This article reports identification of key proteomic changes in a bystander reporter cell line (HaCaT) grown in low-dose irradiated tissue-conditioned media (ITCM) from rainbow trout fish. In vitro explant cultures were generated from the skin of fish previously exposed to low doses (0.1 and 0.5 Gy) of X-ray radiation in vivo. The ITCM was harvested from all donor explant cultures and placed on recipient HaCaT cells to observe any change in protein expression caused by the bystander signals. Proteomic methods using 2-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis …

Divergent Responses Of Atlantic Coastal And Oceanic Synechococcus To Iron Limitation, Katherine R. M. Mackey, Anton F. Post, Matthew R. Mcilvin, Gregory A. Cutter, Seth G. John, Mak A. Saito

OES Faculty Publications

Marine Synechococcus are some of the most diverse and ubiquitous phytoplankton, and iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that limits productivity in many parts of the ocean. To investigate how coastal and oceanic Atlantic Synechococcus strains acclimate to Fe availability, we compared the growth, photophysiology, and quantitative proteomics of two Synechococcus strains from different Fe regimes. Synechococcus strain WH8102, from a region in the southern Sargasso Sea that receives substantial dust deposition, showed impaired growth and photophysiology as Fe declined, yet used few acclimation responses. Coastal WH8020, from the dynamic, seasonally variable New England shelf, displayed a multitiered, hierarchical cascade …