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Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons™

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2002

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Articles 61 - 76 of 76

Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology

16s Ribosomal Dna Sequencing Confirms The Synonymy Of Vibrio Harveyi And V. Carchariae, Eric J. Gauger, Marta Gomez-Chiarri Jan 2002

16s Ribosomal Dna Sequencing Confirms The Synonymy Of Vibrio Harveyi And V. Carchariae, Eric J. Gauger, Marta Gomez-Chiarri

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Seventeen bacterial strains previously identified as Vibrio harveyi (Baumann et al. 1981) or V. carchariae (Grimes et al. 1984) and the type strains of V. harveyi, V. carchariae and V. campbellii were analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Four clusters were identified in a phylogenetic analysis performed by comparing a 746 base pair fragment of the 16S rDNA and previously published sequences of other closely related Vibrio species. The type strains of V. harveyi and V. carchariae and about half of the strains identified as V. harveyi or V. carchariae formed a single, wellsupported cluster designed as ‘bona …

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Mechanism For Membrane Electroporation Irreversibility Under High-Intensity, Ultrashort Electrical Pulse Conditions, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach Jan 2002

Mechanism For Membrane Electroporation Irreversibility Under High-Intensity, Ultrashort Electrical Pulse Conditions, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach

Bioelectrics Publications

An improved electroporation model is used to address membrane irreversibility under ultrashort electric pulse conditions. It is shown that membranes can survive a strong electric pulse and recover provided the pore distribution has a relatively large spread. If, however, the population consists predominantly of larger radii pores, then irreversibility can result. Physically, such a distribution could arise if pores at adjacent sites coalesce. The requirement of close proximity among the pore sites is more easily satisfied in smaller organelles than in outer cell membranes. Model predictions are in keeping with recent observations of cell damage to intracellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria), …

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Stat6 Mediates Interleukin-4 Growth Inhibition In Human Breast Cancer Cells, Jennifer L. Gooch, B. Christy, D. Yee Jan 2002

Stat6 Mediates Interleukin-4 Growth Inhibition In Human Breast Cancer Cells, Jennifer L. Gooch, B. Christy, D. Yee

PCOM Scholarly Works

In addition to acting as a hematopoietic growth factor, interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibits growth of some transformed cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we show that insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) are phosphorylated following IL-4 treatment in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. STAT6 DNA binding is enhanced by IL-4 treatment. STAT6 activation occurs even after IRS-1 depletion, suggesting the two pathways are independent. To examine the role of STAT6 in IL-4-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis, a full-length STAT6 cDNA was transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transient overexpression of STAT6 resulted in …

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Role Of Bcl-2 Family Members In Caspase-Independent Apoptosis Due To Chlamydia Infection, Jean-Luc Perfettini, John C. Reed, Nicole Israel, Jean-Claude Martinou, Alice Dautry-Varsat, David M. Ojcius Jan 2002

Role Of Bcl-2 Family Members In Caspase-Independent Apoptosis Due To Chlamydia Infection, Jean-Luc Perfettini, John C. Reed, Nicole Israel, Jean-Claude Martinou, Alice Dautry-Varsat, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Infection with an obligate intracellular bacterium, the Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV/L2) strain or the guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis serovar of Chlamydia psittaci, leads to apoptosis of host cells. The apoptosis is not affected by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, and caspase-3 is not activated in infected cells, suggesting that apoptosis mediated by these two strains of Chlamydia is independent of known caspases. Overexpression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Bax, was previously shown to induce caspase-independent apoptosis, and we find that Bax is activated and translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria in C. psittaci-infected cells. C. psittaci-induced apoptosis is …

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Influence Of Protein Tyrosine Kinases On Cell Volume Change-Induced Taurine Release, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco Jan 2002

Influence Of Protein Tyrosine Kinases On Cell Volume Change-Induced Taurine Release, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Taurine efflux occurs in association with cell swelling in both hyposmotic and isosmotic conditions and during cell shrinkage in apoptotic death. Release occurs through a leak pathway, is largely Ca2+-independent and is sensitive to Cl– channel blockers. Taurine efflux elicited by hyposmolarity is reduced or suppressed by tyrosine kinase blockers and increased by tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. The specific kinases involved are still unknown and may be different in the various cell types. Non-receptor and scr-related protein kinases have been identified in some cells as elements that directly phosphorylate the taurine efflux pathway. Possible tyrosine kinase targets are …

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Methods And Compositions For Protection Against Bovine Viral Diseases, Subramaniam Srikumaran Jan 2002

Methods And Compositions For Protection Against Bovine Viral Diseases, Subramaniam Srikumaran

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for eliciting an immune response against bovine viral epitopes. The methods comprise combining at least one heat shock protein with at least one bovine viral epitope to form a purified epitope/heat shock protein complex and administration of an immune system stimulating amount of the purified epitope/heat shock protein complex. The compositions comprise, a purified epitope/heat shock protein complex comprising at least one bovine viral epitope complexed with at least one heat shock protein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.

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Rabd, A Dictyostelium Rab14-Related Gtpase, Regulates Phagocytosis And Homotypic Phagosome And Lysosome Fusion, Ed Harris, James Cardelli Jan 2002

Rabd, A Dictyostelium Rab14-Related Gtpase, Regulates Phagocytosis And Homotypic Phagosome And Lysosome Fusion, Ed Harris, James Cardelli

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

RabD, a Dictyostelium Rab14-related GTPase, localizes in the endo-lysosomal pathway and contractile vacuole system of membranes. Cell lines expressing dominant-negative RabD were defective in endocytosis, endosomal membrane flow and homotypic lysosome fusion. In support of a role for RabD in fusion, cells overexpressing constitutively active RabDQ67L accumulated enlarged hydrolase-rich acidic vesicles ringed with GFP-RabD, consistent with RabD directly regulating lysosome fusion. To determine whether RabD also regulated phagocytosis and/or homotypic phagosome fusion (a process stimulated by many intracellular pathogens), cells overexpressing dominant-active (RabDQ67L) or dominant-negative (RabN121I) RabD were analyzed microscopically and biochemically. The rate of …

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Selenoprotein R Is A Zinc-Containing Stereo-Specific Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase, Gregory V. Kryukov, R. Abhilash Kumar, Ahmet Koc, Zhaohul Sun, Vadim N. Gladyshev Jan 2002

Selenoprotein R Is A Zinc-Containing Stereo-Specific Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase, Gregory V. Kryukov, R. Abhilash Kumar, Ahmet Koc, Zhaohul Sun, Vadim N. Gladyshev

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Selenoprotein R (SelR) is a mammalian selenocysteine-containing protein with no known function. Here we report that cysteine homologs of SelR are present in all organisms except certain parasites and hyperthermophiles, and this pattern of occurrence closely matches that of only one protein, peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA). Moreover, in several genomes, SelR and MsrA genes are fused or clustered, and their expression patterns suggest a role of both proteins in protection against oxidative stress. Consistent with these computational screens, growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SelR and MsrA mutant strains was inhibited, and the strain lacking both genes could not grow, in …

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Kinetic Properties Of Bifunctional 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase From Spinach Leaves, Jennifer E. Markham, Nicholas J. Kruger Jan 2002

Kinetic Properties Of Bifunctional 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase From Spinach Leaves, Jennifer E. Markham, Nicholas J. Kruger

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

A cDNA encoding 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase was isolated from a Spinacia oleracea leaf library and used to ex­press a recombinant enzyme in Escherichia coli and Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The insoluble protein expressed in E. coli was purified and used to raise antibodies. Western blot analysis of a protein extract from spinach leaf showed a single band of 90.8 kDa. Soluble protein was purified to homogeneity from S. frugiperda cells infected with recombinant baculovirus harboring the isolated cDNA. The soluble protein had a molecular mass of 320 kDa, estimated by gel filtration chromatography, and a subunit size of 90.8 kDa. The purified pro­tein …

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Identification And Analysis Of A Conserved Immunoglobulin E-Binding Epitope In Soybean G1a And G2a And Peanut Ara H 3 Glycinins, Ping Ziang, Tom A. Beardslee, Michael G. Zeece, John P. Markwell, Gautam Sarath Jan 2002

Identification And Analysis Of A Conserved Immunoglobulin E-Binding Epitope In Soybean G1a And G2a And Peanut Ara H 3 Glycinins, Ping Ziang, Tom A. Beardslee, Michael G. Zeece, John P. Markwell, Gautam Sarath

Gautam Sarath Publications

To identify conserved immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes among legume glycinins, we utilized recombinant soybean G2a and G2a-derived polypeptide fragments.

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Purification And Characterization Of Acylation Stimulating Protein From Porcine Serum, Hong Zhang, Sheila K. Jacobi, Candace F. Toombs, Katherine H. Cianflone, Natalya Nersesian, Gautam Sarath, Jess L. Miner Jan 2002

Purification And Characterization Of Acylation Stimulating Protein From Porcine Serum, Hong Zhang, Sheila K. Jacobi, Candace F. Toombs, Katherine H. Cianflone, Natalya Nersesian, Gautam Sarath, Jess L. Miner

Gautam Sarath Publications

A method for purifying acylation stimulating protein (ASP) from porcine serum is described. The mRNA encoding ASP was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction which predicted a 76 residue peptide. Based on this sequence, we generated antisera to a C-terminal peptide (ASP1–20) which aided ASP purification. Identity of the purified protein was verified by N-terminal sequencing. The molecular mass of porcine ASP is 8926. Porcine ASP stimulated esterification of fatty acid into triacylglycerol in cultured human cells with potency similar to that of human ASP (twofold at 5 μM). Based on this evidence that ASP exists in porcine …

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Development Of A Chromatographic Method For The Analysis Of Carbohydrates In Posidonia Coriacea In Artificial Cultures, Olivia J. Oldfield Jan 2002

Development Of A Chromatographic Method For The Analysis Of Carbohydrates In Posidonia Coriacea In Artificial Cultures, Olivia J. Oldfield

Theses : Honours

Carbohydrates in P. coriacea leaves were analysed to determine if, when in artificial culture, they were unable to replenish their carbohydrate stores once the seed starch reserve was consumed. While no evidence was found to suggest that this was happening, other findings were made. Soluble carbohydrates determined in P. coriacea were sucrose, fructose, glucose, trehalose, myo-inositol and mannitol. However, mannitol was only found in in situ plants sampled in June. This may be due to high epiphyte coverage elevating plant stress and therefore mannitol levels. P. coriacea grown in tissue culture has soluble carbohydrate levels up to 20-fold higher than …

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Impact Of Sea Grass Density On Carbonate Dissolution In Bahamian Sediments, David J. Burdige, Richard C. Zimmerman Jan 2002

Impact Of Sea Grass Density On Carbonate Dissolution In Bahamian Sediments, David J. Burdige, Richard C. Zimmerman

OES Faculty Publications

Carbonate dissolution has been widely observed in shallow water tropical sediments. However, sediment budgets C have generally not been closed with respect to the amount of acid required to produce the observed carbonate dissolution. Recently it has been suggested that enhanced oxygen transport into sediments through the roots and rhizomes of sea grasses might play a role in resolving this mass balance problem. We conducted studies of sea grass-carbonate sediment interactions around Lee Stocking Island, Exuma Islands, Bahamas to further examine this problem. Our studies showed that alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon (ΣCO2) and Ca2+ increased with …

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Flexibility Of Biv Tar-Tat: Models Of Peptide Binding, M Hsieh, E D. Collins, T Blomquist, Brooke Lustig Jan 2002

Flexibility Of Biv Tar-Tat: Models Of Peptide Binding, M Hsieh, E D. Collins, T Blomquist, Brooke Lustig

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

No abstract provided.

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Behavioral And Reproductive Aspects Of Captive Maxwell's Duiker (Cephalophus Mawellii) Husbandry, Janet Mcneill Mackinnon Jan 2002

Behavioral And Reproductive Aspects Of Captive Maxwell's Duiker (Cephalophus Mawellii) Husbandry, Janet Mcneill Mackinnon

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

Female Maxwell's duikers (Cephalophus maxwellii) were studied at the Wildlife Survival Center on St. Catherine's Island, Georgia. The objectives were to quantify the effects of housing on activity budgets and progesterone cycling. Four animals were studied across two housing situations: housed individually versus housed in a grouped setting. Behavioral observations revealed no significant change in access to resources, rumination, or repetitive behaviors, once animals were housed together. Fecal samples were collected in order to determine levels of progesterone through radioimmunoassay (RIA). Fluctuations in progesterone levels revealed no clear estrous cycles. Animals showed less variability in progesterone levels and …

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Glass Capillary Tube Feeding: A Method For Infecting Nymphal Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) With The Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi, Anne H. Broadwater, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes, Shane Ceraul, Aravinda M. De Silva Jan 2002

Glass Capillary Tube Feeding: A Method For Infecting Nymphal Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) With The Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi, Anne H. Broadwater, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes, Shane Ceraul, Aravinda M. De Silva

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We evaluated an artificial capillary feeding method to infect nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Say) ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Thirty to 70% of the nymphs were infected after feeding for 2.5 h from glass capillary tubes filled with a solution of spirochetes. Capillary infection was stable and persisted in the nymphs for at least 10 d after feeding. Capillary feeding also maintained natural vector competence patterns because I. scapularis ticks acquired infection unlike Dermacentor variablis (Say), which did not become infected. Capillary infected I. scapularis nymphs were capable of transmitting the infection to naive mice …

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