Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons^™

Formation Of Influenza Virus Particles Lacking Hemagglutinin On The Viral Envelope, Asit K. Pattnaik, Donald J. Brown, Debi P. Nayak

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We investigated the intraceUular block in the transport of hemagglutinin (HA) and the role of HA in virus particle formation by using temperature-sensitive (Is) mutants (1s134 and 1s61S) of inOuenza virus AlWSN/33. We found that at the nonpermissive temperature (39.5°C), the exit of ts HA from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex was blocked and that no additional block was apparent in either the exit from the Golgi complex or post-Golgi complex transport. When MDBK ceUs were infected with these mutant viruses, they produced noninfectious virus particles at 39.5°C. The efficiency of particle formation at 39.5°C was essentiaUy …

Solid Phase Extraction Of Mammalian Cell Mitochondrial Dna And Its Electrophoretic Separation In Agarose Gels, Theresa Brick-Miller

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

An improved and efficient electrophoretic procedure for the isolation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is described. The solid phase extraction procedure for the isolation of mtDNA involves embedding as few as 200,000 Ehrlich ascites tumor cells into a block of agarose, digestion of cellular membranes by detergent action and subsequent electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids in agarose gels. Genomic DNA remains in the original block of agarose while the mtDNA migrates in the separation gel to a position equivalent to that obtained for mtDNA isolated by traditional procedures.

The efficacy of a large number of detergents, agarose concentrations, embedding conditions, embedding …

Acetylcholinesterase In The Neonatal Rat Brain: The Effects Of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure, Linda M. Boland

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the neonatal rat brain was determined by histochemical localization and quantitative biochemical analysis. AChE-positive perikarya were concentrated in the neostriatum, globus pallidus, medial habenular nucleus, amygdaloid complex, various hypothalamic nuclei, gigantocellular and paragigantocellular reticular nuclei, raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, and motor nuclei of cranial nerves III-VII and IX-XII. Some areas stained differently or not at all when compared with the adult rat brain. The effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on regional AChE activity were assessed by comparing enzyme levels in offspring exposed via maternal consumption of a liquid diet containing 35 percent ethanol derived calories. This …

Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase Activation Lowers Hepatocyte Camp, Jackie D. Corbin, Stephen J. Beebe, Peter F. Blackmore

Bioelectrics Publications

Rat hepatocyte protein kinase was activated by incubating the cells with various cAMP analogs. Boiled extracts were then prepared and Sephadex G-25 chromatography was carried out. The G-25 procedure separated the analogs from cAMP since the resin had the unexpected property of binding cyclic nucleotides with differing affinities. Separation was necessary because the analogs would otherwise interfere with the sensitive protein kinase activation method developed for assay of cAMP. The cAMP analogs, but not 5'-AMP, lowered basal cAMP by 50-70%. The effect was rapid, analog concentration-dependent, and occurred parallel with phosphorylase activation, suggesting that the cAMP analogs act through cAMP-dependent …

Discriminative Insulin Antagonism Of Stimulatory Effects Of Various Camp Analogs On Adipocyte Lipolysis And Hepatocyte Glycogenolysis, Stephen J. Beebe, J. Bruce Redmon, Peter F. Blackmore, Jackie D. Corbin

Bioelectrics Publications

Although insulin effectively blocked hormone-stimulated glycerol output in adipocytes or phosphorylase activation in hepatocytes, the inhibitory effect of insulin on cAMP analog-stimulated cells depended on the cAMP analog used. Of the 20 analogs tested in adipocytes and 13 tested in hepatocytes, the effects of about half of them were effectively blocked by insulin, whereas the effects of many of them were not inhibited at all. In order to approach the explanation for this discriminative insulin action, the inhibitory effects of insulin on the responses to the analogs in the intact cells were correlated with the in vitro cAMP analog specificity …

Purification And Characterization Of A Camp- And Ca2+-Calmodulin-Independent Glycogen Synthase Kinase From Porcine Renal Cortex, Stephen J. Beebe, Erwin M. Reimann, Keith K. Schlender

Bioelectrics Publications

We recently reported the partial purification of a cAMP-independent and Ca²⁺-calmodulin-independent glycogen synthase kinase from porcine renal cortex (Schlender, K. K., Beebe, S. J., and Reimann, E. M. (1981) Cold Spring Harbor Conf. Cell Proliferation, 389-400). Subsequent purification indicated that the enzyme preparation consisted of at least three forms of glycogen synthase kinase which could be resolved by ATP gradient elution from aminoethylphosphate-agarose (AEP-agarose). The predominant form of glycogen synthase kinase, which eluted from AEP-agarose between 2 and 6 mM ATP, was purified approximately 800-fold and is designated GSK-A1. It had a molecular weight of 45,000-50,000 as determined …

Microheterogeneity Of Type Ii Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase In Various Mammalian Species And Tissues, Alison M. Robinson-Steiner, Stephen J. Beebe, Stephen R. Rannels, Jackie D. Corbin

Bioelectrics Publications

Excluding autophosphorylated species, at least six forms of the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase (R(II)) from various mammalian tissues were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of purified samples and of crude preparations photoaffinity labeled with 8-azido[32P] cAMP and by gel filtration. After autophosphorylation some heart R(II) forms termed type IIA (bovine, porcine, equine, and dog) shifted to a more slowly migrating band on SDS gels while others termed type IIB (rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and monkey) did not detectably shift. Both subclasses of R(II) exhibited variation in apparent M(r) on SDS gels. Bovine and …

Two Classes Of Camp Analogs Which Are Selective For The Two Different Camp-Binding Sites Of Type Ii Protein Kinase Demonstrate Synergism When Added Together To Intact Adipocytes, Stephen J. Beebe, Rob Holloway, Stephen R. Rannels, Jackie D. Corbin

Bioelectrics Publications

Twenty-five cyclic nucleotide analogs were tested individually to act as lipolytic agents and to activate adipocyte protein kinase. The lipolytic potency of individual analogs correlated better with their K(a) for protein kinase and their lipophilicity rather than with either parameters alone. Some of the most potent lipolytic analogs had high I50 values for the particulate low K(m) cAMP phosphodiesterase suggesting that their effect was not due to raising endogenous cAMP levels through inhibition of phosphodiesterase. The most potent lipolytic analogs contained a thio moiety at the C-8 or C-6 position. These analogs exhibited concave upward dose-response curves. At high concentrations …

Evaluation Of Peptide Assimilation In Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells, John M. Castellano

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The dipeptides glycyl-L-(³H)-leucine and L-phenylalanyl-L-(³H)-leucine were synthesized in radioactive form and utilized in the analysis of peptide transport and hydrolysis by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The tumor cells were cultured in the abdominal cavity of CF-1 albino mice and harvested into sterile isotonic buffer for all experimental analyses.

The results of this study reveal that the tumor cells rapidly accumulate radiolabel when incubated with the above mentioned peptides, but that the peptide is most probably hydrolyzed extracellularly and free L-(³)-leucine transported. This hypothesis is based on the observations of reduction in accumulation of radiolabel …

Identification Of Four Complementary Rna Species In Akabane Virus-Infected Cells, Asit K. Pattnaik, G. Abraham

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The analysis of RNA extracted from purified Akabane virus demonstrated the presence of three size classes of single-stranded RNAs with sedimentation coefficients of 31S (large, L), 26S (medium, M), and 13S (small, S). Molecular weights of these RNA species were estimated to be 2.15 x 10⁶,1.5 X 10⁶, and 0.48 x 10⁶ for the L, M, and S RNAs, respectively. Hybridization analysis involving viral genomic RNA and RNA from virus-infected cells resulted in the identification of four virus-specific cRNA species in infected cells. These cRNAs were found to be nonpolyadenylated by their inability to bind …

Electron Microscopic Demonstration Of Neural Connections Using Horseradish Peroxidase: A Comparison Of The Tetramethylbenzidine Procedure With Seven Other Histochemical Methods, Keith A. Carson, M-Marsel Mesulam

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Eight methods for the electron microscopic demonstration of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling have been compared in adjacent series of vibratome sections of mouse lumbar spinal cord. The tracer, a HRP-wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugate, was injected into the gastrocnemius muscle complex. Following retrograde axonal transport to the lumbar motor neurons and transganglionic anterograde transport of the tracer to the dorsal horn, the HRP activity was demonstrated in eight series of adjacent sections of lumbar spinal cord using eight methods. These included procedures using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), benzidine dihydrochloride (BDHC), o-tolidine, paraphenylenediamine-pyrocatechol (PPD-PC), and 4 methods using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB). All eight methods …

In Vitro Enzymatic Assay Of Rna Methylation, Pamela Jean Eubanks Gallup

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

An assay procedure for in vitro enzymatic methylation of mannnalian ribosomal RNA has been developed in this study. The assay procedure, utilized for the comparison of normal and neoplastic methylase activities (using mouse liver and Ehrlich ascites cells as sources of enzyme), is a modification of previously published methods (52,53). A 100,000 x g supernatant (SlOO) enzyme preparation was incubated with 28S-5.8S rRNA and tritium-labeled S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The RNA was extracted, applied to DEAE cellulose paper, washed, and the radioactivity counted. The neoplastic cell methylase preparation was more active in methylating both exogenous neoplastic and normal 28S-5.8S rRNA than the normal …

The Analysis Of S-Adenosylmethionine And S-Adenosylhomocysteine In Normal And Neoplastic Cells, Kathryn Elizabeth Godburn

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Altered patterns of methylation have been shown in both ribosomal and transfer RNA isolated from cancer cells. In contrast to the elevated activity of the methyltransferases responsible for this modification, hypomethylation appears as a general characteristic. The endogenous levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine are important in relationship to their role as substrate and product of the transmethylation reaction. The levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine were determined using phosphocellulose cation exchange or high pressure liquid chromatography. High voltage paper electrophoresis was used in a modified procedure to directly resolve (³⁵s) labeled S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in small quantities of cell …

Structural Studies Of Preimplantation Rabbit Embryos Using Ftir Atr, Amy R. Moler-Booth

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

FTIR was used in conjunction with a surface selective technique, known as attenuated total reflectance (ATR), to study the infrared spectra of preimplantation rabbit embryos. The rabbit embryos ranged in aged from 3 to 6 days. Since an embryo is mostly water, deuteration of the embryo was necessary to eliminate the intense water background present in the mid-infrared region. A set of spectral standards were tested, in order to identify the bands seen in embryo spectra. By analyzing and comparing the spectra from 3, 4, 5 and 6 day embryos, differences could be noted. In particular, bands defined as Amide …

Multiple Methods Of Analysis Of 2'-O-Methylation In 5.8s Rrna, Sharon H. Ryan

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

5.8S rRNA is a low molecular weight ribosomal RNA which is found hydrogen bonded to 28S rRNA in the eucaryotic cell. There are two nucleotides which have 2'-0-methylations; a guanine residue at position 77 is fully methylated and a uridine residue at position 14 which is partially methylated. This partial 2'-0-methylation of the uridine residue has been found to vary with the tissue source, with the highest level in normal tissue and the lowest level in neoplastic tissue. In order to study the significance of this site-specific methylation, a reliable and convenient method of analysis was needed.

Early studies on …

The Effect Of Selenium On The Toxicity Of Methyl Mercury In Medaka Embryos, Peter H. Krauth

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of selenium upon methyl mercury poisoning in Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos. Selenium has been shown to provide a protective mechanism against mercury poisoning in some adult animals. Three experiments were done. In the first, selenium and methyl mercury were put directly in the growing medium of the eggs. In the second experiment, selenium was included in the diet of the parent fish. In the third part, methyl mercury exposure was delayed three days. The results of the first experiment were quite dramatic and showed a significant difference when selenium …

Rapid Electroosmosis Measurements, James O. Wear

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A cell has been designed and built that allows for rapid measurement of volume moved in a definite time by electroosmosis. The cell is simple to use and is not very elaborate. Using a water jacket, the cell temperature can be controlled to ± 0.1° C. Measurements are presented for acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, and nitrobenzene at 25° C for applied voltages of 25, 50, 75, and 100 volts.

Viral Infections Of Domestic Animals, George A. Young

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

There is a strong tendency in current research on mammalian virus diseases to concentrate on virus activity at a cellular or subcellular level. This trend is summarized adequately by Enders in relation to viral replication as follows: ','The large and ever-increasing volume of published experimental work on viral replication strikingly reveals the central position of this phenomenon in contemporary virological research. There are good reasons, both biological and practical, underlying this intensive effort to understand, i n detail, how a virus particle, without energy transforming apparatus of its own, manages to utilize the metabolic equipment of the cell to produce …

Worm Eggs: Cost You Money, E.F. Frolik, E.W. Janike

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Contents

One Million Eggs Daily.......... 3

Damaging Trip......... 4

Worm Remedies......... 5

Modern Worm Remedies......... 6

A Control Program.......... 8

The Effect Of Sodium Chloride Upon The Fission Rate Within A Single Clone Of Paramecium Caudatum And The Heritability Of That Effect., Mary C. Adolph

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Corn-Stalk Disease In Cattle, Frank S. Billings

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

MORPHO-BIOLOGICAL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN TWO OR MORE MICRO- ETIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS NOT SUFFICIENT GROUNDS FOR PRONOUNCING THE DISEASES WITH WHICH THEY ARE CONNECTED IDENTICAL. The details of this discussion will be found in my report on the swine-plague. It is necessary, however, to touch upon the essential points here also. As was there shown, Hueppe asserts that the European diseases previously mentioned as being caused by a member of this group of belted, ovoid germs, viz., the “ Huhne Cholera, Kaninchen Septikasmie, und Wild Seuche ’ ’ are all one and the same disease, because their micro-etiological organisms have the same form, …

Keratitis Contagiosa In Cattle, Frank S. Billings

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

This is not a new disease by any means, so far as the United States are concerned, nevertheless I have been unable to find any description of it in the literature at my command. While new to myself until the past Summer, there have been quite a number of reports of its existence, and complaints about it, from farmers and breeders of cattle in some of the live-stock journals of our western States. Under these circumstances, it would seem that a description of its clinical phenomena and gross pathological lesions may not be without scientific interest to the opthalmologist, and …

Inoculation—Vaccination, Frank S. Billings

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

When one comes to discuss this question with the members of the profession as he casually meets them, he is often surprised to find how uncertain and clouded the prevailing ideas are upon the subject. In fact, the majority of physicians do not seem to have any clear conception of the act connected with the words “ inoculation ” and “ vaccination.”