Zoology Commons^™

Age, Growth And Reproduction Of Four-Spotted Goby, Deltentosteus Quadrimaculatus (Valenciennes, 1837), In İzmir Bay (Central Aegean Sea), Gülnur Meti̇n, Akin Türker İlkyaz, Ozan Soykan, Hasan Tuncay Kinacigi̇l

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Length distribution, sex ratio, length-weight relationship, age, growth, spawning period, age, and length at first maturity of four-spotted goby inhabiting İzmir Bay were investigated. A total of 1696 four-spotted goby were collected by trawl hauls between July 2004 and June 2007. The size of the fish sampled ranged from 3.1 to 9.2 cm total length. The samples were composed of 31.1% females, 27.7% males, and 41.2% juvenile individuals, with a female to male ratio of 1:0.89. The age of the fish ranged from 1 to 5 years. The length-weight relationship and the von Bertalanffy growth function were estimated for all …

Reproductive Performance Of Turbot (Psetta Maxima) In The Southeastern Black Sea, İlhan Aydin, Temel Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Spawning time, total fecundity, fertilization, and hatching rates of turbot (Psetta maxima) were investigated in 10 wild female broodstock (mean wt: 3809.7 ± 1238.4 g). Spawning lasted 37 days, from April 17 to May 23. Mean total fecundity was 2329 ± 1260 x 10^3 eggs per female. Fertilization and hatching rates were 30.6 ± 25.4% and 17.9 ± 16.1%, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between body weight and total fecundity (r = 0.637, P < 0.05). The timing and frequency of hand stripping, fecundity, fertilization, and hatching rates in turbot are presented.

Growth, The Length-Weight Relationship, And Reproduction In Vimba (Vimba Vimba L. 1758) Sampled From An Oligo-Mesotrophic Lake In Northwest Anatolia (Turkey), Hacer Okgerman, Mahmut Elp, Cumhur H. Yardimci

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The growth parameters and reproduction period in vimba (Vimba vimba L. 1758) sampled from Sapanca Lake were determined monthly between September 2003 and July 2004. The 335 vimba specimens caught ranged in age from 2^+ to 6^+ years, and the majority of the samples consisted of individuals of the 4^{+}-year-old age group. The length-weight relationship was estimated to be W = 0.0084 FL^{3.1797±0.0035} for males (r^2 = 0.94, P < 0.05) and W = 0.0089 FL^{3.1572±0.0033} for females (r^2 = 0.93, P < 0.05). Regression coefficients for sex were significant (t-test, P < 0.05). The slope (b) significantly differed (ANCOVA, P < 0.05) between months. The fact that the b values for male and female vimba specimens differed from 3.0 indicates that there was positive allometric growth. The von Bertalanffy equation was determined using Lt = 28.940 (1-exp {-0.123[t+2.193]}), \phi': 2.030, (r = 0.999) for males and Lt = 24.708 [1-exp {-0.205[t+1.464]}), \phi': 2.097, (r = 0.999) for females. The sex ratio was 1:1.86 (\chi^2; P < 0.05). The spawning period of vimba began at the end of April and continued until the beginning of July; the water temperature during this period was between 14.8 and 25.9 °C.

A Comparison Of Prairie Vole Audible And Ultrasonic Pup Calls And Attraction To Them By Adults Of Each Sex, Thomas A. Terleph

Biology Faculty Publications

Rodent pups of many species emit both ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and calls spanning into a lower frequency range, audible to humans (AUDs), yet there has been little systematic comparison of these different call types, or analyses of how they might differ in signal function. Here the spectral and temporal characteristics of USV and AUD pup calls are described for the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), a model used in studies of monogamous mating and biparental care, and a species with an unusually large functional and anatomical representation of auditory cortex. Findings provide a detailed description of each call type, …

Observations Of Reproduction In Mountain Lions From Nebraska, Sam Wilson, Justin D. Hoffman, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Occurrences of mountain lions (Puma concolor) in Nebraska have been steadily increasing; however, reproductive activity in mountain lions has not been documented in the state. We present the first evidence of mountain lion reproduction in Nebraska since mountain lions recolonized the state in the early 1990s. On 28 February 2007, a spotted kitten was hit by a vehicle in northwestern Nebraska; and based on body length and weight, we estimate its age at 3.9 months. On 20 December 2008, a female mountain lion and spotted kitten were photographed in the northwestern part of the state. On 9 May …

Age, Growth, Length-Weight Relationship And Reproduction Of The Striped Seabream (Lithognathus Mormyrus L., 1758) (Sparidae) In The Beymelek Lagoon (Antalya, Turkey), Yilmaz Emre, İsmet Balik, Çeti̇n Sümer, D. Aytuğ Oskay, H. Özgür Yeşi̇lçi̇men

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Age, growth, length-weight relationship and reproduction were investigated for striped seabream (Lithognathus mormyrus L., 1758) collected from Beymelek Lagoon (Antalya, Turkey) between February 2006 and January 2007. The ages of striped seabream ranged from 0 to 3 years for males and from 0 to 4 years for females. Their total lengths and weights ranged between 14.4 and 26.4 cm and 42 and 297 g for males and 14.3 and 27.4 cm and 40 and 329 g for females, respectively. The growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation were: L_{\infinity} = 28.3 cm, K = 0.456 year^{-1} and t_0 = -1.859 …

Growth And Reproduction Of Blotched Picarel (Spicara Maena Linnaeus, 1758) In The Central Aegean Sea, Turkey, Ozan Soykan, Akin Türker İlkyaz, Gülnur Meti̇n, Hasan Tuncay Kinacigi̇l

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Growth and reproduction of the blotched picarel, Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758), were determined based on specimens (n = 2547) collected from the central Aegean Sea between July 2004 and June 2007. The samples consisted of 71.9% females, 16.2% males, and 11.9% immature individuals. The sex ratio of females to males was 1:0.23. The length-weight relationship was W = 0.011L^{3.02}, W = 0.011L^{3.00}, and W = 0.011L^{2.99} for the combined sexes, females, and males, respectively. For all samples and both sexes the length-weight relationship showed isometric growth. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was fitted on the basis of mean length-at-age data, …

Growth And Reproduction Of Large-Scaled Gurnard (Lepidotrigla Cavillone Lacepède, 1801) (Triglidae) In The Central Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean, Akin Türker İlkyaz, Gülnur Meti̇n, Ozan Soykan, Hasan Tuncay Kinacigi̇l

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Age, growth, and reproduction of the large-scaled gurnard were studied in the central Aegean Sea to provide fisheries managers with the essential data for science-based management. A total of 2342 samples were collected by trawl hauls between July 2004 and June 2007 from İzmir Bay (Turkey). The size of the samples ranged from 3.4 to 15.2 cm total length and the samples were composed of 35.2% females, 25.7% males and 39.1% immature individuals, with a female to male ratio of 1:0.73. The length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0086L^{3.16} for all samples. The age composition of the samples was …

Life History Features Of The Nonindigenous Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus Aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758) In The Gomishan Wetland (Southeast Caspian Sea, Iran), Rahman Patimar, Mariam Horry Najafabadi, Manizheh Ghadi Souraki

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Caspian Sea forms the southern limit of the distribution range of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), but little is known about its life history in this area. A total of 362 specimens were collected from the Gomishan wetland (southeast Caspian Sea, Iran) to describe the stickleback's life history characteristics. Samples were taken monthly between February and July of 2008. The maximum ages of the population observed were 2+ years for males and 3+ years for females. The length-weight relationship (LWR) was estimated as W = 0.0042TL^{3.711} for immature specimens, W = 0.0095TL^{3.1328} for males, and W = 0.0057TL^{3.4678} for …

A Survey Of Bats In Northern Trinidad Late In The Rainy Season, Keith Geluso, Mary J. Harner, Cliff A. Lemen, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Located off the northeastern coast of Venezuela, Trinidad is a small tropical island with a rich diversity of bats. Although 66 species have been documented, few inventories have pub¬lished information on community structure of bats in the diverse habitats of the island. Here we report on composition, abundance, and natural history of species captured primarily in the Northern Range at the end of the rainy season (late December–early January). We captured 789 individuals representing 30 species in six families, including 672 bats in nets at ground level and 117 associated with roosts. Our capture rates in ground-level mist nets were …

Growth, Mortality, And Reproduction Of Poor Cod (Trisopterus Minutus Linn., 1758) In The Central Aegean Sea, Gülnur Meti̇n, Akin Türker İlkyaz, Hasan Tuncay Kinacigi̇l

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A total of 1527 of poor cod (Trisopterus minutus Linn., 1758) were collected by trawl hauls between April 2001 and March 2002 from İzmir Bay (central Aegean Sea). The size of the fish (total length) ranged from 10.6 cm (minimum, September) and 24.8 cm (April). The population was composed of 53% males, 41% females, and 6% immature individuals, with a female to male ratio of 1:1.3. The age composition of the samples was from I to V. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L_{\infinity} = 28.1 cm, W_{\infinity} = 254.0 g, K = 0.26 y^{-1}, and t_{o} = -1.52 y. …

Adding To The Reproductive Biology Of The Parthenogenetic Oribatid Mite, Archegozetes Longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida, Trhypochthoniidae), Michael Heethoff, Michael Laumann, Paavo Bergmann

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The oribatid mite, Archegozetes longisetosus, serves as a chelicerate model organism due to its relatively short life cycle and ease of laboratory culturing. It is a parthenogenetic species and all cultures recently used in different laboratories are descendants of a single female collected in 1993. While aspects of its developmental and functional biology have been published, knowledge of its reproductive rate and reproductive system is meager, and data on its life history are contradictory. Herein, we present the gross morphology of the reproductive system as obtained by SEM techniques and X-ray synchrotron microtomography, a new tool for studying mite anatomy. …

Age Structure And Reproductive Activity Of The Blue Sucker In The Milk River, Missouri River Drainage, Montana, Julie Bednarski, Dennis L. Scarnecchia

The Prairie Naturalist

The life history and ecology of the blue sucker (Cycleptus elongatus) in the lower Milk River, Montana were investigated in 2002 and 2003. A total of 253 blue sucker was captured; 248 adult fish, three larval fish, and two age-0 juveniles. The ages (n = 102) of the adult blue sucker ranged from 10 to 37 years; maximum age greatly exceeded ages reported in other studies. Blue sucker in the Milk River population grew slower, matured later, and lived longer than fish at lower latitudes. Adult females of the blue sucker were longer and weighed more than …

Seasonality Of Reproduction And Embryonic Growth Of Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias L., 1758) In The Eastern Black Sea, Sefa Ayhan Demi̇rhan, Kadi̇r Seyhan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The seasonality of reproduction and embryonic development of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) sampled from the Eastern Black Sea were studied. The gestation period of spiny dogfish, starting in August, September and October, takes around 23-24 months. Fertilized females were caught at a depth of 30-45 m in July and August. Females with full-term pups and empty uteri were found at 50-60 m depth, where the temperature was 10 °C. Lengths of pups at birth were around 28-29 cm, whereas their weights ranged from 68 to 78 g. The models of embryonic growth and development of ova were described as TL_e …

Growth And Reproduction Of Por's Goatfish (Upeneus Pori Ben-Tuvia & Golani, 1989) In İskenderun Bay, The Eastern Mediterranean, Ali̇ İşmen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The age composition, growth parameters, spawning season, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity and fecundity of por's goatfish (Upeneus pori) caught from the Bay of İskenderun in the eastern Mediterranean Sea were investigated. Females and males made up 52.6% and 47.4%, respectively, of the particular population of the species. The total length of females ranged from 7.0 cm to 17.0 cm, and of males from 6.6 cm to 15.1 cm. The length (L) - weight (W) relationships for males and females were estimated as W = 0.0108*L^{2.99} and W = 0.0097*L^{3.03}, respectively. The age data derived from otolith readings …

Das Arteninventar Der Avifauna Der Mongolei Während Einer Nord-Süd-Durchquerung 1997, Tobias Stenzel, Michael Stubbe, R. Samjaa, Annegret Stubbe, C. Dulamsuren

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Here we present a detailed report on bird biodiversity of ecosystems along a North-South transect through Mongolia in 1997whic h serves as a guideline for further research projects and training for students in all Mongolian vegetation zones from northern steppes to southern deserts.

Two hundred fifty-five bird species were observed between 21st of July and 10th of August 1997. The main study sites were located in the North the Selenge-Orchon-basin with meadows and dune woodlands 15 km southern from Suchbaatar, the Middle Gobi-Aimag with desert steppes and sajrs (covered with Ulmus pumila) and in the Bordzongijn-gobi in the South …

First Results Of Wild Ass Research In The South Gobi Aymag/Mongolia In 2003 And 2004, Annegret Stubbe, Michael Stubbe, N. Batsajchan, R. Samjaa, S. Doržderem

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The population of the Mongolian wild ass belongs to the nominate form Equus hemionus hemionus described by Pallas in 1775. This species is adapted to semidesert habitats in the Gobi region and is listed in the Red Book of Mongolia as well as on appendix I of the Washington Convention (CITES). Mapping of the northern border of the distributional range showed a remarkable decrease in size in comparison to the maps of Murzaev (1954) or Bannikov (1954). The pressure of civilization, settlements, motorization, and increasing numbers of domestic livestock in connection with the occupation of water resources and illegal hunting …

Zur Populationsökologie Und Raumnutzung Der Steppenwühlmaus Microtus Brandti (Radde, 1861) In Der Fortpflanzungsperiode, Ulrich Zöphel, N. Dawaa

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

During the growing season between 1988 and 1990 the population biology of Brandt’s vole (Microtus brandti) was observed in a population near Ulaanbaatar. Mark-recapture techniques (1,438 markings, 19,606 recaptures in total) and complementary methods were used. The density maximum was observed in July with 98 (1988); 169 (1989) and 94 (1990) individuals/ha and the population fluctuated by a factor of 7.4.

At the beginning of reproductive period the males disperse over a minimum distance of one female home range whereas the females do not migrate after winter. The typical mating system is promiscuity. Youngsters have been recorded from …

Natural History And Karyology Of The Yucatán Vesper Mouse, Otonyctomys Hatti, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert M. Timm, Mark D. Engstrom

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Seventeen specimens of the rare Yucatán vesper mouse, Otonyctomys hatti, are now known from Belize, Guatemala, and the Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán. We herein report a second specimen of O. hatti, from Belize, extending the known geographic range of the species 95 km to the southeast in the country. This is the first location at which O. hatti has been taken sympatrically with the Central American vesper mouse, Nyctomys sumichrasti. We also report data on three additional specimens of O. hatti from Campeche. Nyctomys and Otonyctomys share similar habits and habitat requirements, and …

Observations On The Ecology, Reproduction And Behavior Of Spermophilus Bennett, 1835 (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Şaki̇r Özkurt, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Muhammed Mouradi Gharakheloo

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Field and laboratory investigations on the ecology, reproduction and behavior of Spermophilus citellus and Spermophilus xantophrymnus were performed over a period of 4 years. Both S. citellus and S. xanthophrymnus are diurnal species and occupy semiarid steppe areas in Turkish Thrace and Anatolia, respectively. Distribution of the former species is confined to restricted steppe areas in Turkish Thrace whilethe, latter lives on the Anatolian steppe, and is sympatric with Meriones tristami, Mesocricetus brandthi, Allactaga williamsi and Microtus spp. The burrows of both species have one entrance, and are built separately in the field. They constitute small social colonies and communicate …

Some Biological Characteristics Of Crayfish (Astacus Leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) In Lake Eğirdir, İsmet Balik, Hidir Çubuk, Remzi̇ye Özkök, Rahmi̇ Uysal

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was conducted in Lake Eğirdir in 2001 and 2002, to investigate some biological characteristics, i.e. sex and length compositions, length-weight relationship and reproduction, of the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) population. Sex ratios of crayfish caught with fykenets of 34 - mm mesh size (stretched mesh) were 65.2% male and 34.8% female. The total body lengths of both sexes ranged from 40 to 150 mm and the majority were in the 110 mm length class. Although the average lengths of both sexes were nearly the same, the average weight of male crayfish was higher than that of females. …

Age, Growth And Reproduction Of The Goldband Goatfish, Upeneus Moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855), In İskenderun Bay, The Eastern Mediterranean, Ali̇ İşmen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The age composition, growth parameters, spawning season, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity and fecundity of the goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) caught in İskenderun Bay in the eastern Mediterranean Sea were investigated. Females and males made up 51.6% and 48.4%, respectively, of the particular population of the species. The total length of females ranged from 7.0 cm to 20.5 cm, and of males from 7.0 cm to 17.8 cm. The length (L) - weight (W) relationships for males and females were estimated as W = 0.0118*L^{2.99} and W = 0.0097*L^{3.00}, respectively. The age data derived from otolith readings were …

A Staging Sequence And Analysis Of Growth In Postovipositional Embryos Of Lamprophis Fulignosus, Angela Renee Vogel Rivera

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The brown house snake, Lamprophis fuliginosus, is a small, oviparous snake found throughout much of Africa. This lamprophiine colubrid reproduces rapidly; captive females can lay clutches every three to four months for a sustained period. Thus, L. fuliginosus is an excellent model for developmental studies requiring large numbers of embryos. In addition, the embryos of oviparous species are more suitable for some procedures than are those of viviparous forms. The most widely used system for staging embryonic snakes was developed for the common gartersnake, Thamnophis sirtalis, a viviparous natricine colubrid (Zehr, 1962). Based on the examination of 135 …

Investigation Of Some Biological Characteristics Of The Silver Crucian Carp, Carassius Gibelio (Bloch 1782) Population In Lake Eğirdir, İsmet Balik, Remzi̇ye Özkök, Hidir Çubuk, Rahmi̇ Uysal

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Biological characteristics such as sex, age and length compositions, growth, condition factor, reproduction, mortality and exploitation rates of the silver crucian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782), population in Lake Eğirdir were investigated between March 2001 and February 2002. According to the 616 specimens ranged in age groups from I to VI, the percentages of male and female individuals in the population were 53.4% and 46.6%, respectively. The fork lengths of the samples ranged from 9 to 33 cm. Allometric growth was also determined among the lengths and weights of both sexes. Incremental growth rates in length and weight for both …

Population Dynamics Of Soft-Furred Field Rat, Millardia Meltada, In Rice And Wheat Fields In Central Punjab, Pakistan, Shaher Bano Lathiya, Abdul Rauf Khokhar, Syed Muzaffar Ahmed

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Data on the abundance, reproduction, diet and damage index of the soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada were collected during the rice and wheat seasons. The abundance of Millardia meltada remained high at the post-harvest stage of the rice and wheat crops. The ploughing of fields did not affect the abundance of Millardia. The mean annual prevalence of pregnancy was 50% and the mean embryonic litter size 6.2 ± 0.4. Millardia continued to eat wheat and rice grains over a long period even when there was no crop standing in the fields. The damage indices in rice and wheat crops were …

Age, Growth And Reproduction Of Acanthalburnus Microlepis, Filippi 1863 From The Yağan Region Of The Aras River, Turkey, Mustafa Türkmen, Orhan Erdoğan, H. İbrahi̇m Hali̇loğlu, Ayhan Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The age, growth and reproduction characteristics of 1105 Acanthalburnus microlepis from the Yağan region of the Aras River, Turkey, were determined from monthly samples. Ages ranged from 1 to 7 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1.0 (51.49 % males, 48.51 % females). Females attained greater size and age than males. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: L_o= 29.87 cm, K= 0.1049, t_o= -1.92. The length-weight relationships for males and females were found to be W=0.0099L^{3.098} and W=0.0118L^{3.052} respectively. The condition coefficients of males and females were calculated as 1.192 and 1.209 respectively. Both sexes matured at the age of 2 …

Some Biological Characteristics Of Silurus Triostegus Heckel, 1843 From Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey), Seyi̇t Ahmet Oymak, Kemal Solak, Erhan Ünlü

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, some biological characteristics such as age and sex composition, growth in length and weight, age-length, age-weight and length-weight relationships, condition factor spawning time, age of sexual maturity, and fecundity of Silurus triostegus in Atatürk Dam lake were investigated. The percentage of females was 48.3% and that of males 57.7% out of 623 specimens belonging to age groups I-XI. Isometric growth patterns were proved from the length-weight relationships. It was estimated that the females had higher Lo (202.85 cm) and lower low K (0.046871) values than males (Lo 113.98 cm and K = 0.101972). Mean condition factors of …

On The Age, Growth And Reproduction Of The Barbel, Barbus Plebejus Escherichi (Steindachner, 1897) In The Oltu Stream Of Çoruh River (Artvin-Turkey), Ayhan Yildirim, Orhan Erdoğan, Mustafa Türkmen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the age, growth and reproduction properties of 627 barbels, Barbus plebejus escherichi (Steindachner, 1897), from Oltu Stream in the Çoruh River Basin were investigated during a period from August 1994 to July 1996. The age of this species ranged between age groups 1 and 10, the second age group being dominant. Individuals were composed of 64.59% males and 35.41% females. von Bertalanffy growth parameters and length-weight relationships were L_t=29.35x(1-e^{-0.139(t+1.640)}), W_t=281.11x(1-e^{-0.139(t+1.640)})^{2.843} W=0.0189.FL^{2.843} (r=0.96) in males and L_t=32.77x(1-e^{-0.116(t+1.891)}), W_t=392.10x(1-e^{-0.116(t+1.891)})^{2.911}, W=0.0152.FL^{2.911} (r=0.97) in females. Condition coefficients of males and females were calculated to be 1.221 and 1.220 respectively. Sexual maturity …

Reproduction Characteristics Of Thinlip Grey Mullet, Liza Ramada(Risso 1826) Inhabiting Akgöl-Paradeniz Lagoons (Göksu Delta), Serap Ergene Gözükara

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In order to determine the reproduction characteristics of Liza ramada, a fish of economical importance, the GSI, egg diameter, sex maturity, age and sex ratio were examined in 228 specimens caught periodically, between February 1992 and July 1994 in Akgöl-Paradeniz Lagoon. According to the GSI % and egg diameter, the reproduction period of Liza ramada was determinedto be November and December. The lowest GSI % obtained for Liza ramada was 4.99 % in February and the highest values were16.67 % in November and 11.67 % in December. The average egg diameter of Liza ramadaranged from 0.15 to 0.69 mm. It …

Reproduction Properties Of Mugil Cephalus L., 1758 Live In Akgöl- Paradeniz Lagoon, Silifke, Serap Ergene Gözükara

Turkish Journal of Zoology

According to % GSI and egg diameter, reproduction periot of M. cephalus was determined to be on September and October mounth. Minimum % GSI obtained for M. cephalus was % 4.14 on June mounth and maximum % GSI was % 20.08 on July and % 17.26 on October. Avarage egg diameter of M. cephalus ranged between minimum 0.15 and maximum 0.69 mm. The egg diameters on September and October are 0.69 and 0.65 mm. .