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2017

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Articles 151 - 180 of 374

Full-Text Articles in Zoology

Planaria: An Animal Model That Integrates Development, Regeneration And Pharmacology, Oné R. Pagán Jan 2017

Planaria: An Animal Model That Integrates Development, Regeneration And Pharmacology, Oné R. Pagán

Biology Faculty Publications

Although planarians are established model organisms in developmental biology and regeneration studies, in the last forty years or so, they have caught the attention of pharmacologists, especially to study the pharmacology of drugs of abuse. This review covers the following topics: some fundamentals of the history of animal models and planarians in biomedical research; an abbreviated story of systematic pharmacology research using planarians as a model organism; an example of how planarians are contributing to the search for compounds against acute cocaine toxicity; an analysis of the number of papers on planarians and pharmacological topics from 1900- 2016; some perspectives …

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The Bovine Rumen Microbiome Revealed By Different Fractions Of Rumen Contents, Ashlee Breakstone, Jiangchao Zhao Jan 2017

The Bovine Rumen Microbiome Revealed By Different Fractions Of Rumen Contents, Ashlee Breakstone, Jiangchao Zhao

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The bovine rumen microbiota is very important in terms of animal functionality and digestion. The fermentative capability of the rumen provides means for the digestion of complex plant material that is indigestible by humans. The rumen microbiota is made up of billions of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, that digest and ferment feed into volatile fatty acids and bacterial protein for the animal’s energy and protein needs, respectively. Changes to the rumen microbiota can have a direct measure on animal growth, health, and performance. The possibility of productivity boosts in the cattle industry make the rumen microbiome a hot topic in the …

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Cost-Benefit Analysis Of A Genetic Marker On Cow-Calf Operations Differentiated By Pasture And Breed, Josh C. Crystal, Michael P. Popp, Nathan P. Kemper, Charles F. Rosenkrans Jr. Jan 2017

Cost-Benefit Analysis Of A Genetic Marker On Cow-Calf Operations Differentiated By Pasture And Breed, Josh C. Crystal, Michael P. Popp, Nathan P. Kemper, Charles F. Rosenkrans Jr.

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Genetic sequencing in beef cattle (Bos taurus L.) is expected to aid producers with selecting breeding stock. Using data from experimental trials conducted with Angus, Brahman, and their reciprocal cross, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) P450 C994G marker expression was investigated for use in selecting genetics suited to grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. L.) compared to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) pasture. The study is unique in the sense that actual cow-calf breeding failure rates (open cows were not culled) were tracked from 1991 to 1997 on herds that were bred to calf in spring and were either exposed …

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Marketing Tips For Small-Scale, Local Honey Bee Keepers In Northwest Arkansas, Samuel L. Goll, Michael P. Popp, Jennie S. Popp, Donald C. Steinkraus Jan 2017

Marketing Tips For Small-Scale, Local Honey Bee Keepers In Northwest Arkansas, Samuel L. Goll, Michael P. Popp, Jennie S. Popp, Donald C. Steinkraus

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The objective of this thesis was to gain market information for beekeepers regarding different honey bee products and to provide information about economic feasibility when produced on a small, local scale. Since cost-of-production information about operating an apiary is widely available, the focus of this work was on gaining marketing knowledge. One of the objectives of the surveys was to develop a better sense of what potential resellers of honey bee products considered locally produced. Another objective was to determine preferences for honey bee product packaging as well as bee pollination services. Using that feedback, a marketing plan for different …

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Iron Metabolism Genes In Browsing And Grazing Rhinoceroses: Implications For Iron Overload Disorder, Lorien Salyer Jan 2017

Iron Metabolism Genes In Browsing And Grazing Rhinoceroses: Implications For Iron Overload Disorder, Lorien Salyer

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Iron overload disorder is a serious condition that affects many animals of conservation interest, including rhinoceroses. Iron overload disorder is only found in browsing rhinos (African black, Diceros bicornis, and Sumatran, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) but not in grazing species (African white, Ceratotherium simum, and greater one-horned, Rhinoceros unicornis). Iron overload is connected with many of the other health issues seen in captive browsing rhinoceroses, so it is vitally important that the iron metabolism process is studied to improve the existing husbandry procedures of these critically endangered animals. The objective of this study was to characterize genes related to …

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Occurrence Of Atlantic Tarpon, Megalops Atlanticus, Leptocephali In The Mississippi Sound Estuary, Patrick M. Graham, James S. Franks, Jason D. Tilley, Dyan P. Gibson, Evan J. Anderson Jan 2017

Occurrence Of Atlantic Tarpon, Megalops Atlanticus, Leptocephali In The Mississippi Sound Estuary, Patrick M. Graham, James S. Franks, Jason D. Tilley, Dyan P. Gibson, Evan J. Anderson

Gulf and Caribbean Research

No abstract provided.

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New Records Of Parasites (Apicomplexa, Nematoda, Acari, Anoplura) From Rodents In Arkansas, M. B. Connior, L. A. Durden, Chris T. Mcallister, R. S. Seville, C. R. Bursey, Henry W. Robison Jan 2017

New Records Of Parasites (Apicomplexa, Nematoda, Acari, Anoplura) From Rodents In Arkansas, M. B. Connior, L. A. Durden, Chris T. Mcallister, R. S. Seville, C. R. Bursey, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Distribution Of The Eastern Spotted Skunk, Spilogale Putorius, In The Early Twentieth Century, D. Blake Sasse Jan 2017

Distribution Of The Eastern Spotted Skunk, Spilogale Putorius, In The Early Twentieth Century, D. Blake Sasse

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Survey Of Rodents Within Arkansas Game And Fish Commission Wildlife Management Areas, M. B. Connior, C. Renn Tumlison, D. P. Holland, J. L. Hunt, L. A. Durden, D. Blake Sasse Jan 2017

Survey Of Rodents Within Arkansas Game And Fish Commission Wildlife Management Areas, M. B. Connior, C. Renn Tumlison, D. P. Holland, J. L. Hunt, L. A. Durden, D. Blake Sasse

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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A First Look At The Microbial Community Of Rabidosa Rabida, A Wolf Spider In Searcy, Arkansas, Patricia Rivera, Ryan Stork, Amber Hug Jan 2017

A First Look At The Microbial Community Of Rabidosa Rabida, A Wolf Spider In Searcy, Arkansas, Patricia Rivera, Ryan Stork, Amber Hug

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Many diverse animal models have been used to explore the interactions between host organisms and their microbiota. Increased understanding of microbe-host interactions could lead to improved healthcare and drug development. Spiders have venom, digestive fluid, and body fluid components that have been suggested to possess antimicrobial properties that could lead to new and interesting host-microbe interactions. While studies have been published on interactions between bacteria affecting the immune function and behavior of spiders, the spider microbiome has not been established to date. Excreta and body swabs were collected from Rabidosa rabida, a wolf spider typically found on tall grass …

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Bat Occupancy Estimates And Species Richness At Cache River National Wildlife Refuge, Samuel Schratz, Virginie Rolland, Jason Phillips, Richard Crossett, David Richardson, Thomas S. Risch Jan 2017

Bat Occupancy Estimates And Species Richness At Cache River National Wildlife Refuge, Samuel Schratz, Virginie Rolland, Jason Phillips, Richard Crossett, David Richardson, Thomas S. Risch

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Six bat species of special concern, threatened or endangered, may occur in one of Arkansas’ largest bottomland hardwood forests, the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge (CRNWR). However, inventory of bat species throughout the refuge has been lacking and management plans may not be adequate in promoting bat conservation. The objectives of this study were to inventory bat species in the CRNWR, and determine bat-habitat associations via occupancy estimates. From May–August 2014 and 2015, we mist-netted from sunset for 5 hours. We also deployed bioacoustic devices throughout 5 habitat types (cypress-tupelo [dominantly Taxodium distichum and Nyssa aquatica], emergent wetland, mature …

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Testing Alternative Hypotheses For The Cause Of Population Declines: The Case Of The Red-Headed Woodpecker, Walter D. Koenig, Eric L. Walters, Paul G. Rodewald Jan 2017

Testing Alternative Hypotheses For The Cause Of Population Declines: The Case Of The Red-Headed Woodpecker, Walter D. Koenig, Eric L. Walters, Paul G. Rodewald

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) has experienced strong population declines during the past 3 decades. Using North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Audubon Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data, we investigated 4 hypotheses that may explain this decline, including: (1) interspecific competition with native Red-bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) and nonnative European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris); (2) predation by Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) and Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus); (3) climate change; and (4) changes in forested area within their range. In analyses of both the breeding and overwintering periods, our results indicated …

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The Bee Fauna Of The Horse Mountain And Grouse Mountain Region, Humboldt County, California, Carrie Lopez Jan 2017

The Bee Fauna Of The Horse Mountain And Grouse Mountain Region, Humboldt County, California, Carrie Lopez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Recent concerns about the ecological well-being of bee communities in California and elsewhere have increased the need for monitoring programs and studies that evaluate the impact of habitat loss and alteration on bee diversity and abundance. Such studies depend critically on the expertise of people trained in taxonomy, but their numbers have declined in recent years. My primary goal was to gain a comprehensive first-hand experience with bee identification by documenting the fauna of a previously unstudied area in the mountains of northwestern California and by writing an identification key, intended for dedicated non-specialists, to the area’s 35 species of …

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สัณฐานวิทยาและโครงสร้างรังของแมงมุมฝาปิดโบราณสกุล Liphistius Schiödte, 1849 ในอุทยานแห่งชาติแม่วงก์, วรัตถ์ ศิวายพราหมณ์ Jan 2017

สัณฐานวิทยาและโครงสร้างรังของแมงมุมฝาปิดโบราณสกุล Liphistius Schiödte, 1849 ในอุทยานแห่งชาติแม่วงก์, วรัตถ์ ศิวายพราหมณ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

แมงมุมฝาปิดโบราณในสกุล Liphistius (Liphistiidae, Mesothelae) เป็นหนึ่งในสกุลของแมงมุมโบราณที่ยังคงมีชีวิตอยู่ในปัจจุบัน โดยยังมีแผ่นปิดท้องด้านบนที่แบ่งเป็นปล้องและมีอวัยวะสร้างใยอยู่บริเวณส่วนกลางของ abdomen การศึกษาเกี่ยวกับแมงมุมในสกุล Liphistius ในอดีตส่วนใหญ่ยังจำกัดอยู่เฉพาะในด้านอนุกรมวิธานเท่านั้น ในการศึกษานี้ได้ให้ความสนใจในการศึกษาลักษณะสัณฐานวิทยาและโครงสร้างรังของแมงมุมฝาปิดโบราณแม่วงก์ Liphistius maewongensis Sivayyapram et al., 2017 ซึ่งถือเป็นแมงมุมฝาปิดโบราณชนิดใหม่ของโลก โดยผู้ศึกษาได้ทำการเก็บตัวอย่างแมงมุมและข้อมูลทางกายภาพที่เกี่ยวข้องจากอุทยานแห่งชาติแม่วงก์ อำเภอคลองลาน จังหวัดกำแพงเพชร ที่ระดับความสูง 1,000–1,300 เมตรเหนือระดับน้ำทะเล ผลการศึกษาลักษณะสัณฐานวิทยาของตัวอย่างแมงมุมจำนวน 46 ตัวอย่าง (♀ = 24, ♂ = 22) พบว่าแมงมุมที่พบภายในอุทยานแห่งชาติแม่วงก์มีลักษณะโครงสร้างอวัยวะสืบพันธุ์ทั้งในเพศผู้และเพศเมียแตกต่างจากแมงมุมในสกุล Liphistius ที่เคยมีการค้นพบมาก่อน จากการศึกษาโครงสร้างรังของแมงมุมจำนวน 359 รัง พบว่าแมงมุมชนิดนี้มีการสร้างรังอยู่ 2 รูปแบบ ได้แก่ โครงสร้างรังแบบทั่วไปและโครงสร้างรังแบบตัว T โดยโครงสร้างรังแบบทั่วไปมีลักษณะเป็นท่อตรงมีทางเข้าออกทางเดียว ในขณะที่โครงสร้างรังแบบตัว T มีทางเข้าออก 2 ทาง จากการวิเคราะห์ทางสถิติพบว่าขนาดทางสัณฐานวิทยาของแมงมุมและรูปแบบโครงสร้างของรังมีความสัมพันธ์กัน โดยความยาวและความกว้างของฝาปิดทางเข้ารังและความลึกของรังมีความสัมพันธ์กับความยาวลำตัวของแมงมุม (Pearson’s correlation r = 0.80, 0.73, 0.51 ตามลำดับ n = 46, p < 0.01) แสดงให้เห็นว่าขนาดและความลึกของรังมีการเพิ่มขึ้นเมื่อแมงมุมมีการเจริญเติบโตและขยายขนาดลำตัว นอกจากนี้ chi-square test ยังแสดงให้เห็นถึงความสัมพันธ์ของขนาดลำตัวแมงมุมที่มีต่อรูปแบบการสร้างรัง (X2= 92.23, 2; p < 0.01) จากรังแบบตรงกลายเป็นรังรูปตัว T เมื่อแมงมุมมีอายุมากขึ้น จากผลการศึกษารูปแบบการกระจายของประชากรพบว่าแมงมุมฝาปิดโบราณแม่วงก์มีการกระจายตัวแบบกลุ่ม (Morisita’s index, Iδ = 2.76) ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับความสามารถในการกระจายพันธุ์ที่จำกัดของแมงมุมในกลุ่มนี้ และอาจบ่งชี้ให้เห็นถึงผลของ dilution effect หรือ selfish herd effect ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในกลุ่มประชากรเพื่อตอบสนองต่อผู้ล่า การระวังภัยที่เพิ่มขึ้น และโอกาสประสบความสำเร็จในการสืบพันธุ์ อย่างไรก็ตามในการศึกษ

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An Integrative Description Of Mesobiotus Ethiopicus Sp. Nov. (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela: Macrobiotidae: Harmsworthi Group) From The Northern Afrotropic Region, Daniel Stec, Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen Jan 2017

An Integrative Description Of Mesobiotus Ethiopicus Sp. Nov. (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela: Macrobiotidae: Harmsworthi Group) From The Northern Afrotropic Region, Daniel Stec, Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A new species of the Mesobiotus harmsworthi group is described from Ethiopia. An integrative taxonomy approach was applied by combining morphological and morphometric analyses-imaging under phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy with molecular analysis (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI markers)-to cross-verify the status of the population as a new species. The specimens of Mesobiotus ethiopicus sp. nov. are most similar to two taxa of the harmsworthi complex: M. harmsworthi obscurus (Dastych, 1985) and M. peterseni (Maucci, 1991). Nevertheless, the new species can be easily distinguished from the first of these taxa by the absence of additional teeth in the …

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The Value Of Bayesian Statistics For Assessing Credible Evidence Of Animal Sentience, Anil K. Seth, Zoltan Dienes Jan 2017

The Value Of Bayesian Statistics For Assessing Credible Evidence Of Animal Sentience, Anil K. Seth, Zoltan Dienes

Animal Sentience

Determining what constitutes practically relevant, statistically significant evidence for animal sentience, under the precautionary principle, could be enhanced through Bayesian statistics. A Bayesian approach allows the incorporation of multiple evidence sources through prior probabilities, the tracking of changing evidence across time, and a principled means of adjusting evidentiary bars via Bayes factors.

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Systematics Of Collared Snakes And Burrowing Asps (Aparallactinae And Atractaspidinae) (Squamata: Lamprophiidae), Francisco Portillo Jan 2017

Systematics Of Collared Snakes And Burrowing Asps (Aparallactinae And Atractaspidinae) (Squamata: Lamprophiidae), Francisco Portillo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The Subfamilies Aparallactinae (collared snakes) and Atractaspidinae (burrowing asps) occur in multiple habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and they include multiple poorly studied genera. The monophyly of these groups are well established, but relationships within the subfamilies are poorly known. My study contains samples from six of eight aparallactine genera, and both atractaspidine genera in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. I employed concatenated gene-tree analyses, divergence dating approaches, ancestral-area reconstructions, ancestral-state reconstructions, morphological analyses, and taxonomic assessments to infer phylogenies, biogeographic patterns, and evolutionary histories with a multi-locus data set consisting of three mitochondrial (16S, cyt b, and ND4) and …

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Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Aquatic Insects In The Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, With New Records, Fatma Çeti̇nkaya, Aysel Bekleyen Jan 2017

Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Aquatic Insects In The Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, With New Records, Fatma Çeti̇nkaya, Aysel Bekleyen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

We investigated insects of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin in terms of their composition and spatiotemporal distribution. Larvae, pupae, pupal exuviae, and nymphs of insects were obtained from samples collected by a plankton net monthly during a 1-year period in 2008 and 2009 at seven different sites of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin. A total of 35 taxa from the orders Trichoptera (1 taxon), Ephemeroptera (3 taxa), and Diptera (31 taxa) were identified. Chironomidae (Diptera) was the most diverse group and was represented by three major subfamilies, namely Tanypodinae (2 taxa), Orthocladiinae (19 taxa), and Chironominae (7 taxa). Among these …

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The Incidence Of Rare Males In Seven Parthenogeneticartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) Populations, Muhammad Saleem Chang, Alireza Asem, Shichun Sun Jan 2017

The Incidence Of Rare Males In Seven Parthenogeneticartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) Populations, Muhammad Saleem Chang, Alireza Asem, Shichun Sun

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Males that present infrequently in parthenogenetic Artemia are commonly called "rare males". By rearing cloned parthenogenetic Artemia in the laboratory, the frequency of rare males was observed for seven Artemia populations with different ploidy compositions. The results showed that the values of the male:female ratio varied from 0.53:1000 to 1.40:1000 in diploids from different populations, and there were significant differences among populations and clones. No rare males were found in any of the 46 polyploid clones (217,197 individuals) observed.

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Sexual Dimorphism In Two Catfish Species, Mystus Pelusius (Solander, 1794) And Glyptothorax Silviae Coad, 1981 (Teleostei: Siluriformes), Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Golnaz Sayyadzadeh, Mohammad Amini Chermahini Jan 2017

Sexual Dimorphism In Two Catfish Species, Mystus Pelusius (Solander, 1794) And Glyptothorax Silviae Coad, 1981 (Teleostei: Siluriformes), Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Golnaz Sayyadzadeh, Mohammad Amini Chermahini

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Sexual dimorphism of two catfish, Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) and Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981, is presented based on the examination of external morphology of the fish and morphology of the gonads. We observed sexual dimorphism for M. pelusius in the shape and position of the genital papilla. In the male, the genital papilla was a small, fleshy, pointed and broad-based structure. The pelvic fin was short and did not reach back to the genital papilla. In females of M. pelusius the opening of the genital structure was without any protrusion or with a very small, dot-like structure in a few …

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Habitat Use And Activity Of European Glass Lizard, Pseudopus Apodus (Pallas, 1775),In Southeastern Bulgaria, Ivan Telenchev, Daniela Nikolova, Rossen Tzonev Jan 2017

Habitat Use And Activity Of European Glass Lizard, Pseudopus Apodus (Pallas, 1775),In Southeastern Bulgaria, Ivan Telenchev, Daniela Nikolova, Rossen Tzonev

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The way in which animals use the physical and biological resources in habitats is an important aspect of their behavioral ecology. Here, we studied the activity and habitat use of the European glass lizard in two habitats in southeastern Bulgaria during the spring and summer of 2015. We registered behaviors such as basking and movement, and we recorded hiding locations. We also attempted to capture the individual mark of every observed individual, to determine its sex, age, and body temperature, immediately at capture. In parallel, essential environmental parameters were identified: temperature of the air near the lizard, substrate temperature, dominant …

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Tarsonemid Mites (Acari, Heterostigmatina) Found In Association With Bark Beetles(Insecta, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) In Iran, Wojciech Magowski, Ali Ahadiyat, Hadi Ostovan Jan 2017

Tarsonemid Mites (Acari, Heterostigmatina) Found In Association With Bark Beetles(Insecta, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) In Iran, Wojciech Magowski, Ali Ahadiyat, Hadi Ostovan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The authors report on the presence of species of the family Tarsonemidae in association with three bark beetle species (Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston, 1857), Scolytus scolytus (Fabricius, 1775), and S. multistriatus (Marsham, 1802)) in two provinces in Central and Northern Iran. The following mite species are new for the fauna of Iran: Heterotarsonemus hajekae Smiley and Moser, 1985, H. magowskii Khaustov, 2001, and Tarsonemus crassus (Schaarschmidt, 1959). The genus Heterotarsonemus is newly recorded in Asia. The new record of H. hajekae is the second ever known in the world and H. magowskii is now established as new phoront of the bark …

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Can Montane And Cave Centipedes Inhabit Soil?, Ivan Hadrian Tuf, Oldrich Kopecky, Jan Mikula Jan 2017

Can Montane And Cave Centipedes Inhabit Soil?, Ivan Hadrian Tuf, Oldrich Kopecky, Jan Mikula

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Communities of centipedes (Chilopoda) were studied at three localities in eastern Bohemia (Czech Republic) near the town of Skutec using modified subterranean traps. Centipedes were trapped separately from depths of 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, and 95 cm to allow evaluation of the vertical distribution in the soil. Presence of centipedes in deeper soil profiles is related to their ability to colonize the subterranean environment. Lithobius tenebrosus fennoscandius, L. lucifugus, L. macilentus, Cryptops parisi, Strigamia acuminata, and S. transsilvanica inhabited deeper soil layers preferentially. This study shows that soil can be inhabited by cave centipedes or …

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First Record Of Carebara Oertzeni Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)From The European Part Of Turkey With Worker Description, Celal Karaman, Kadri̇ Kiran Jan 2017

First Record Of Carebara Oertzeni Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)From The European Part Of Turkey With Worker Description, Celal Karaman, Kadri̇ Kiran

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Carebara oertzeni Forel is recorded from the European part of Turkey for the first time based on queens, a male, and workers. The hitherto unknown worker caste of C. oertzeni is recorded and described for the first time. Our queen and male specimens have some differences from the typical C. oertzeni specimens. The differences are the sculpture on the anterior half of head, on the pronotum, and the area between the metanotal teeth, larger head measurements and some body ratios in queen; head measurements, 4-toothed mandibles, scape measurements, ratio of scape and 2nd funicular segment, and hair density on head …

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Seasonal Hormones, Female Reproductive Tract Changes, And Some Field Observations Onbreeding Activities Of The Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes Javanicus) From Its Nativerange Of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan, Faraz Akrim, Hira Fatima, Saidia Nazir, Tariq Mahmood, Riaz Hussain, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem Jan 2017

Seasonal Hormones, Female Reproductive Tract Changes, And Some Field Observations Onbreeding Activities Of The Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes Javanicus) From Its Nativerange Of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan, Faraz Akrim, Hira Fatima, Saidia Nazir, Tariq Mahmood, Riaz Hussain, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The small Indian mongoose acts as a biological control agent for rodents, snakes, and many insects in agroecosystems. Its reproductive physiology has been studied mostly from its introduced range. We investigated the reproductive pattern of the female small Indian mongoose on the Potohar Plateau, i.e. its native range. We found a male:female ratio of 0.67 (n = 52); only 16% of the live-trapped females were found to be pregnant. Elevated estradiol and progesterone levels were found during March to May. LH levels showed 2 peaks: the first during March (25.5 mIU/mL) and the second in September (29.8 mIU/mL); however, FSH …

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Murchieona Minuscula (Rosa, 1906): First Finding From Bulgaria With Earthwormdiversity And Zoogeography Of Yıldız (Strandja) Mountain In Turkey And Bulgaria, Hristo Valchovski, İbrahi̇m Mete Misirlioğlu Jan 2017

Murchieona Minuscula (Rosa, 1906): First Finding From Bulgaria With Earthwormdiversity And Zoogeography Of Yıldız (Strandja) Mountain In Turkey And Bulgaria, Hristo Valchovski, İbrahi̇m Mete Misirlioğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this paper, we present the current knowledge on earthworm diversity and zoogeography of Yıldız (Strandja) Mountain in Bulgaria and Turkey. During the investigation in 2015 and 2016, 8 earthworm species altogether were registered. Murchieona minuscula proved to be new to the earthworm fauna of Bulgaria. In addition, there were 4 taxa recorded for the first time from Yıldız (Strandja) Mountain: Aporrectodea jassyensis, Aporrectodea rosea, Octolasion lacteum, and Proctodrilus tuberculatus. Using all existing information on the earthworms from Yıldız (Strandja) Mountain, we summarized our and previously published data and established a list for the whole territory of the mountain from …

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What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?, Guy Beauchamp Jan 2017

What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?, Guy Beauchamp

Animal Sentience

Animal vigilance is concerned with the monitoring of potential threats caused by predators and conspecifics. Researchers have argued that threats are part of a landscape of fear tracking the level of risk posed by predators and conspecifics. Vigilance, which is expected to vary with the level of risk, could thus be used as a measure of fear. Here, I explore the relationship between vigilance and fear caused by predators and conspecifics. The joint occurrence of vigilance and other physiological responses to fear, such as increased heart rate and stress hormone release, would bolster the idea that vigilance can be a …

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Operationalizing Fear Through Understanding Vigilance, Ralph Adolphs Jan 2017

Operationalizing Fear Through Understanding Vigilance, Ralph Adolphs

Animal Sentience

Beauchamp’s target article raises important questions about the features that often accompany fear. How reliable an indicator of fear is vigilance? Is it constitutive, cause, or consequence of fear? These questions force us towards a clearer definition of “fear.”

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Individual Variation In Fear Behaviour, Rob Found Jan 2017

Individual Variation In Fear Behaviour, Rob Found

Animal Sentience

Individual variation in behaviour adds another layer of complexity to studies of animal responses to fear and risk, but when individual responses are consistent, and correlated with other behaviours, these patterns can provide a structure that furthers our understanding. I interpret Beauchamp’s review of vigilance and fear from the perspective of my own studies of elk personality. Wild elk responses to changing stimuli (benign or aversive) illustrate how personality is a key factor in explaining variation in vigilance and fear behavior. Personality even influences how wildlife can learn to assess risk and adjust their fear responses accordingly.

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Fear And Loathing On The Landscape: What Can Foraging Theory Tell Us About Vigilance And Fear?, Burt P. Kotler, Joel S. Brown Jan 2017

Fear And Loathing On The Landscape: What Can Foraging Theory Tell Us About Vigilance And Fear?, Burt P. Kotler, Joel S. Brown

Animal Sentience

We discuss fear and vigilance from the perspective of foraging theory. Rather than focusing on proximate indicators of fear, we suggest that fear is an adaptation for assigning a cost to activities that incur a risk of injury or death. We use theory to provide definitions for fear and vigilance and then use that theory to compare them. We agree that there are limits to the reliability of vigilance as an indicator of fear, but we arrive at this conclusion differently.

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