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2016

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Articles 391 - 420 of 496

Full-Text Articles in Zoology

A New Record Of The Genus Camerotrombidium Thor, 1936(Acari: Microtrombidiidae) From Turkey, İbrahi̇m Karakurt, Sevgi̇ Sevsay Jan 2016

A New Record Of The Genus Camerotrombidium Thor, 1936(Acari: Microtrombidiidae) From Turkey, İbrahi̇m Karakurt, Sevgi̇ Sevsay

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A newly recorded species for the Turkish fauna, Camerotrombidium rasum Berlese, 1910, is given based on adult females and larvae obtained from an adult female by experimental rearing in the laboratory. The genus Camerotrombidium is recorded for the first time from Turkey.

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A New Locality Record For Phoenicolacerta Laevis (Gray, 1838)(Squamata: Lacertidae) In Western Anatolia, Çeti̇n Ilgaz, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Kami̇l Candan Jan 2016

A New Locality Record For Phoenicolacerta Laevis (Gray, 1838)(Squamata: Lacertidae) In Western Anatolia, Çeti̇n Ilgaz, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Kami̇l Candan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

During fieldwork in western Anatolia 4 specimens (1 adult male, 2 subadult males, and 1 subadult female) of Phoenicolacerta laevis from Dalaman, Muğla Province, were collected in November 2014. The results including meristic pholidolial characteristics, metric measurements, and color-pattern features of specimens are compared with the data given in the previous literature. The occurrence of P. Laevis in southern and western Anatolia is discussed.

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An Update Note On Diversity And Conservation Of The Endemic Fishes In Iranian Inland Waters, Azad Teimori, Hossein Mostafavi, Hamid Reza Esmaeili Jan 2016

An Update Note On Diversity And Conservation Of The Endemic Fishes In Iranian Inland Waters, Azad Teimori, Hossein Mostafavi, Hamid Reza Esmaeili

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The diversity, distribution pattern, and conservation status of endemic species were obtained by analysis of catalogued specimens collected by fieldwork carried out by the authors at various times in different regions in Iran since 2002. The Iranian endemic ichthyofauna includes 51 species and forms a significant part of the total species known from this country, so that new endemic species are being described almost every year. The highest endemicity is found in the Tigris-Karoun basin in the west, followed by the Kor River and the Persian Gulf basins in the south. Creation of the landlocked basins played an important role …

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Anticipatory Grief, Tara Fox Hall Jan 2016

Anticipatory Grief, Tara Fox Hall

Animal Sentience

This commentary reviews Barbara King’s How Animals Grieve, delving into the controversial topic of the status of animals in our society, as well as the key difference between human and non-human grief: the ability to anticipate death.


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Modulation Of Behavior In Communicating Emotion, Martin Gardiner Jan 2016

Modulation Of Behavior In Communicating Emotion, Martin Gardiner

Animal Sentience

King discusses many examples where two animals, as they bond, behave in ways we interpret as expressing love for one another. If one of the bonded animals then dies, signs of loving are replaced by signs we interpret as expressing grief by the animal who remains. I propose a pathway for emotional communication between an animal and an observer that can have a central role in these and other observations by King and in our overall ability to interpret observed behavior in relation to emotion. This pathway provides evidence of emotion in an observed animal by communicating evidence of emotion’s …

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Sentience And Animal Welfare: Affirming The Science And Addressing The Skepticism, Nancy Clarke Jan 2016

Sentience And Animal Welfare: Affirming The Science And Addressing The Skepticism, Nancy Clarke

Animal Sentience

Broom’s (2014) book is a well-researched and thoroughly written exploration and evaluation of the journey from the origins of animal welfare science to what we can say we now know and need to consider in relation to animal sentience and welfare. This book will help to counter any skepticism among academics and policy makers.

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Nonhuman Mind-Reading Ability, Marthe Kiley-Worthington Jan 2016

Nonhuman Mind-Reading Ability, Marthe Kiley-Worthington

Animal Sentience

Harnad (2016) is mistaken that humans are better at mind-reading than other species. Humans have context-independent language, but nonhuman species, especially mammals, have context-dependent nonverbal skills – perceptual, communicative and social -- that can be much keener than our own.

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Cognitive Evidence Of Fish Sentience, Jonathan Balcombe Jan 2016

Cognitive Evidence Of Fish Sentience, Jonathan Balcombe

Animal Sentience

I present a little-known example of flexible, opportunistic behavior by a species of fish to undermine Key’s (2016) thesis that fish are unconscious and unable to feel. Lack of a cortex is flimsy grounds for denying pain to fish, for on that criterion we must also then deny it to all non-mammals, including birds, which goes against scientific consensus. Notwithstanding science’s fundamental inability to prove anything, the precautionary principal dictates that we should give the benefit of the doubt to fish, and the state of the oceans dictates that we act on it now.

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Mediating Claims Through Critical Anthropomorphism, Gordon Burghardt Jan 2016

Mediating Claims Through Critical Anthropomorphism, Gordon Burghardt

Animal Sentience

Key’s (2016) discussion of his claim that fish do not feel pain ignores the history of attempts to study the attribution of mental states to other species. Although willing to accept that mammals feel pain, Key claims that fish lack the mammalian neural mechanisms underlying pain and are unconscious of their experiences. Consequently, we do not need to be overly concerned about fishing practices that would otherwise be viewed as painful. Key uses a flawed anthropomorphic lens. All attributions of mental events to organisms other than oneself involve inferences derived from anthropomorphic processes through which we process physiological and behavioral …

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Population Genetic Structure Of Necturus Maculosus In Central And Eastern Kentucky, Mason Owen Murphy Jan 2016

Population Genetic Structure Of Necturus Maculosus In Central And Eastern Kentucky, Mason Owen Murphy

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Population structure is influenced by extrinsic factors, such as landscape architecture and dispersal barriers. Lotic network architecture is known to constrain ecological, demographic and evolutionary processes, including population genetic structure. I assessed the population structure of a widespread aquatic salamander, Necturus maculosus, across three river basins in central and eastern Kentucky. I examined the role of network architecture, anthropogenic barriers, and spatial scale on patterns of population structure. I also provided a review of N. maculosus capture methods and offer an improved trap design. I identified significant structuring between the combined Licking/Kinniconick basin and the Kentucky River basin, with …

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New Verified Nonindigenous Amphibians And Reptiles In Florida Through 2015, With A Summary Of More Than 152 Years Of Introductions, Kenneth L. Krysko, Louis A. Somma, Dustin C. Smith, Christopher R. Gillette, Daniel Cueva, Joseph A. Wasilewski, Kevin M. Enge, Steve A. Johnson, Todd S. Campbell, Jake R. Edwards, Michael R. Rochford, Ryan Tompkins, Jeffrey L. Fobb, Scott Mullin, Christopher J. Lechowicz, Dallas Hazelton, Alície Warren Jan 2016

New Verified Nonindigenous Amphibians And Reptiles In Florida Through 2015, With A Summary Of More Than 152 Years Of Introductions, Kenneth L. Krysko, Louis A. Somma, Dustin C. Smith, Christopher R. Gillette, Daniel Cueva, Joseph A. Wasilewski, Kevin M. Enge, Steve A. Johnson, Todd S. Campbell, Jake R. Edwards, Michael R. Rochford, Ryan Tompkins, Jeffrey L. Fobb, Scott Mullin, Christopher J. Lechowicz, Dallas Hazelton, Alície Warren

Papers in Herpetology

More nonindigenous species occur in Florida, USA, than any other region worldwide and may threaten many of Florida’s natural resources. The frequency of new reports mandates the need for regular updates. Herein, we use photographic and specimen vouchers in addition to literature records to provide updated information on verified nonindigenous amphibians and reptiles in Florida. Between our most recent summary in 2012 and the end of 2015, 38 additional species are known to have been intercepted (n = 2) or introduced (n = 36). We also update the invasion stage of seven species previously reported from Florida and …

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Evidence Of Rock Kangaroo Seed Dispersal Via Faecal Seed Storage In A Tropical Monsoon Community, Chris Martine, Ally Boni, Elizabeth Capaldi, Gemma Lionheart, Ingrid E. Jordon-Thaden Jan 2016

Evidence Of Rock Kangaroo Seed Dispersal Via Faecal Seed Storage In A Tropical Monsoon Community, Chris Martine, Ally Boni, Elizabeth Capaldi, Gemma Lionheart, Ingrid E. Jordon-Thaden

Faculty Journal Articles

While some of the plant species of the ‘Sandstone Country’ along the escarpment of western Arnhem Land produce fleshy fruits and appear to rely on biotic methods of seed dispersal, little is known about the methods by which this is achieved – and few potential dispersers co-occur in the sandstone outcrop communities. For the present study, scat collections were made on outcrops in the northeastern area of Kakadu National Park with the hope of uncovering relationships between local frugivores and fruit-producers, and providing evidence for seasonal storage of mammal-dispersed seeds in scat prior to germination. The goals of the present …

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Fish Lack The Brains And The Psychology For Pain, Stuart W.G. Derbyshire Jan 2016

Fish Lack The Brains And The Psychology For Pain, Stuart W.G. Derbyshire

Animal Sentience

Debate about the possibility of fish pain focuses largely on the fish’s lack of the cortex considered necessary for generating pain. That view is appealing because it avoids relatively abstract debate about the nature of pain experience and subjectivity. Unfortunately, however, that debate cannot be entirely avoided. Subcortical circuits in the fish might support an immediate, raw, “pain” experience. The necessity of the cortex only becomes obvious when considering pain as an explicitly felt subjective experience. Attributing pain to fish only seems absurd when pain is considered as a state of explicit knowing.

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Pain And Other Feelings In Humans And Animals, Antonio Damasio, Hanna Damasio Jan 2016

Pain And Other Feelings In Humans And Animals, Antonio Damasio, Hanna Damasio

Animal Sentience

Evidence from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropsychology suggests that the experience of feelings in humans does not depend exclusively on structures of the cerebral cortex. It does not seem warranted to deny the possibility of feeling in animals on the grounds that their cerebral cortices are not comparable to those of humans.

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Anthropomorphic Denial Of Fish Pain, Lynne U. Sneddon, Matthew C. Leach Jan 2016

Anthropomorphic Denial Of Fish Pain, Lynne U. Sneddon, Matthew C. Leach

Animal Sentience

Key (2016) affirms that we do not know how the fish brain processes pain but denies — because fish lack a human-like cortex — that fish can feel pain. He affirms that birds, like fish, have a singly-laminated cortex and that the structure of the bird brain is quite different from that of the human brain, yet he does not deny that birds can feel pain. In this commentary we describe how Key cites studies that substantiate mammalian pain but discounts the same kind of data as evidence of fish pain. We suggest that Key's interpretations are illogical, do not …

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Quantifying Bat Detection Survey Methods And Activity Patterns, Tara C. Hohoff Jan 2016

Quantifying Bat Detection Survey Methods And Activity Patterns, Tara C. Hohoff

Masters Theses

Bats have an astonishing diversity and provide vital ecosystem services in an array of different niches. In North America, most species of bats are insectivores and tend to be frequently overlooked for their important ecosystem role providing insect control. As bat populations have declined in recent years, farmers, land managers, conservationists, and bat enthusiasts have wondered what we can do to protect our local bat populations. As a first step, we need to develop methods that more effectively survey for rare species of bats. By performing inefficient surveys, we are doing a disservice to our funding agencies providing misinformation that …

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Fish Pain: A Painful Topic, Carl Safina Jan 2016

Fish Pain: A Painful Topic, Carl Safina

Animal Sentience

If fish cannot feel pain, why do stingrays have purely defensive tail spines that deliver venom? Stingrays’ ancestral predators are fish. And why do many fishes possess defensive fin spines, some also with venom that produces pain in humans? These things did not evolve just in case sentient humans would evolve millions of years later and then invent scuba. If fish react purely unconsciously to “noxious” stimuli, why aren’t sharp jabbing spines enough? Why also stinging venom?

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How Welfare Biology And Commonsense May Help To Reduce Animal Suffering, Yew-Kwang Ng Jan 2016

How Welfare Biology And Commonsense May Help To Reduce Animal Suffering, Yew-Kwang Ng

Animal Sentience

Welfare biology is the study of the welfare of living things. Welfare is net happiness (enjoyment minus suffering). Since this necessarily involves feelings, Dawkins (2014) has suggested that animal welfare science may face a paradox, because feelings are very difficult to study. The following paper provides an explanation for how welfare biology could help to reduce this paradox by answering some difficult questions regarding animal welfare. Simple means based on commonsense could reduce animal suffering enormously at low or even negative costs to humans. Ways to increase the influence of animal welfare advocates are also discussed, focusing initially on farmed …

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Why Animal Welfarism Continues To Fail, Lori Marino Jan 2016

Why Animal Welfarism Continues To Fail, Lori Marino

Animal Sentience

Welfarism prioritizes human interests over the needs of nonhuman animals. Despite decades of welfare efforts other animals are mostly worse off than ever before, being subjected to increasingly invasive and harmful treatments, especially in the factory farming and biomedical research areas. A legal rights-based approach is essential in order for other animals to be protected from the varying ethical whims of our species.

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Occurrence Of Caryophyllaeid Parasite Species (Plathelminthes) In Chub, Squalis Cephalus, Of Serban Dam Lake, Turkey: Including A New Host And A New Locality, Meli̇ke Açikel Yi̇ği̇t, Mehmet Oğuz Öztürk Jan 2016

Occurrence Of Caryophyllaeid Parasite Species (Plathelminthes) In Chub, Squalis Cephalus, Of Serban Dam Lake, Turkey: Including A New Host And A New Locality, Meli̇ke Açikel Yi̇ği̇t, Mehmet Oğuz Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Zoology

An examination was conducted on caryophyllaeid cestode fauna of Squalius cephalus obtained from Serban Dam Lake in Turkey between February 2009 and August 2010. At the end of the study, from the 114 S. Cephalus examined, 14 host fish specimens were infected with 75 Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (prevalence 12.3% and mean parasite intensity 5.3 ± 10.0 parasites/fish) and one host fish specimen was infected with 65 Biacetabulum appendiculatum (prevalence 0.9%, 65 parasites). Infection data of the parasite species were evaluated for seasons, host fish size, and sex. The period of the study covered the four seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. …

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Contributions On The Spider Families Nesticidae And Pholcidae (Araneae) From Argentina, Victor Manuel Torres, Paolo Luciano Pardo, Andrea Ximena Gonzalez-Reyes, Sandra Monica Rodriguez-Artigas, Jose Corronca Jan 2016

Contributions On The Spider Families Nesticidae And Pholcidae (Araneae) From Argentina, Victor Manuel Torres, Paolo Luciano Pardo, Andrea Ximena Gonzalez-Reyes, Sandra Monica Rodriguez-Artigas, Jose Corronca

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A new species of Nesticus Thorell, 1869, N. Salta sp. Nov., and a new species of Guaranita Huber, 2000, G. Dobby sp. Nov., are described from the Chaco Serrano ecoregion of Salta Province (Argentina). The female of G. Yaculica Huber, 2000 is described for the first time, and the known distribution of G. Munda (Gertsch, 1982) is enlarged to Jujuy Province, northern Argentina.

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Checklist Of The Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Brachycera) Of Turkey, Alper Tonguç, Igor Grichanov, Stefan Naglis Jan 2016

Checklist Of The Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Brachycera) Of Turkey, Alper Tonguç, Igor Grichanov, Stefan Naglis

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The first checklist of the Dolichopodidae of Turkey is presented. A total of 187 species and one subspecies belonging to 35 genera are listed. The type locality and the distribution in Turkey for each species are given.

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First Record Of The Family Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea)From Iran, With Five New Species Records, Mohammad Izadizadeh, Ali Asghar Talebi, Victor A. Kolyada, Ehsan Rakhshani Jan 2016

First Record Of The Family Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea)From Iran, With Five New Species Records, Mohammad Izadizadeh, Ali Asghar Talebi, Victor A. Kolyada, Ehsan Rakhshani

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This survey was conducted to investigate the occurrence of the family Proctotrupidae in Iran. The specimens were collected using Malaise traps from northern Iran during 2010 and 2011. The family Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) is recorded from Iran for the first time. Five species belonging to four genera were identified: Proctotrupes gravidator (Linnaeus, 1758); P. Brachypterus (Schrank, 1780); Cryptoserphus aculeator (Haliday, 1839); Disogmus obsoletus Brues, 1905; and Mischoserphus arcuator (Stelfox, 1950). All genera and species are new records for the fauna of Iran. An identification key for the genera of Proctotrupidae is provided.

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Two New Species Of Trechnites (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Fromchina And A Key To Chinese Species, Guohao Zu, Chengde Li Jan 2016

Two New Species Of Trechnites (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Fromchina And A Key To Chinese Species, Guohao Zu, Chengde Li

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Trechnites brevivalvus sp. Nov. And Trechnites verticalis sp. Nov. Are described and illustrated as new to science from China. A key to all known species from China based on females is presented. Three species of the genus Trechnites are now known from China.

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Contribution To The Knowledge Of The Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)Fauna Of Turkey From Northeastern Anatolia, Part I, Janko Kolarov, Sali̇ha Çoruh, İrfan Çoruh Jan 2016

Contribution To The Knowledge Of The Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)Fauna Of Turkey From Northeastern Anatolia, Part I, Janko Kolarov, Sali̇ha Çoruh, İrfan Çoruh

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This present contribution is based upon the ichneumonids collected from the northeastern Anatolian part of Turkey in 2014. A total of 57 species belonging to subfamilies Acaenitinae, Anomaloninae, Banchinae, Campopleginae, Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Diplazontinae, Ichneumoninae, Metopiinae, Orthocentrinae, Oxytorinae, Pimplinae, and Tryphoninae have been recorded. Among them, Agrypon clandestinum (Gravenhorst), Lissonota (Lissonota) nitida (Gravenhorst), Campoletis agilis (Holmgren), Diadegma combinatum (Holmgren), Olesicampe cavigena (Thomson), Olesicampe patellana (Thomson), Aptesis assimilis (Gravenhorst), Schreineria populnea (Giraud), Xylophrurus lancifer (Gravenhorst), Diplazon pallicoxa Manukyan, Homotropus pallipes (Gravenhorst), Woldstedtius biguttatus (Gravenhorst), and Oxytorus luridator (Gravenhorst) are new records for the Turkish fauna. New data on the distribution of 40 …

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The First Certified Record Of The Endemic Fish Speciespachychilon Macedonicum (Steindachner, 1892) In A Lake Complex Outsideof Its Nominal Range, With Notes On Its Biological Features, Dimitra Bobori, Olga Petriki, Emmanouel Tsakoumis Jan 2016

The First Certified Record Of The Endemic Fish Speciespachychilon Macedonicum (Steindachner, 1892) In A Lake Complex Outsideof Its Nominal Range, With Notes On Its Biological Features, Dimitra Bobori, Olga Petriki, Emmanouel Tsakoumis

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The cyprinid Pachychilon macedonicum (Steindachner, 1892) is a species that is endemic to the southern Balkan Peninsula with limited distribution in Greece. Here we confirm the species' expansion and establishment in a complex of 4 lakes located outside of its currently known distribution range and provide, for the first time, some of its biological features. The species' presence was certified in 3 (Vegoritida, Petron, Chimaditida; northern central Greece) of the 4 lakes studied (Lake Zazari was also sampled), which now constitute a new western limit for its distribution in Greece. Pachychilon macedonicum specimens in Lake Vegoritida were longer (mean length: …

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Contribution To The Knowledge Of Fish Fauna Of Kosovo With A Special Note On Some Invasive Species, Agim Gashi, Emine Shabani, Linda Grapci Kotori, Kemajl Bislimi, Qenan Maxhuni, Halil Ibrahimi Jan 2016

Contribution To The Knowledge Of Fish Fauna Of Kosovo With A Special Note On Some Invasive Species, Agim Gashi, Emine Shabani, Linda Grapci Kotori, Kemajl Bislimi, Qenan Maxhuni, Halil Ibrahimi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Despite the long tradition of ichthyofaunal research in the Balkan Peninsula, there are still poorly investigated areas. Kosovo is one of the least investigated countries of the Balkan Peninsula in regard to fish fauna. In this study, we present the results of a fish fauna investigation in Badovc Lake and the Llap River. The fish fauna of Badovc Lake in central Kosovo was investigated at monthly intervals between June 2012 and December 2012. A total of 16 species belonging to 6 families, Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Percidae, Siluridae, Esocidae, and Centrarhidae, were determined in this research area. The vast majority of species …

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A New Species Of Voles, Microtus Elbeyli Sp. Nov., From Turkey With Taxonomicoverview Of Social Voles Distributed In Southeastern Anatolia, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen Jan 2016

A New Species Of Voles, Microtus Elbeyli Sp. Nov., From Turkey With Taxonomicoverview Of Social Voles Distributed In Southeastern Anatolia, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

There are twelve Microtus species in Turkey and two of them are endemic to the steppic central Anatolian plateau. In this study, previously collected specimens that were recorded as Microtus irani from southeastern Turkey were reevaluated by karyologically comparing different species distributed throughout southeastern Turkey. The taxonomic status of this species was raised to a new species, Microtus elbeyli sp. Nov., which has dark ochreous dorsal color, agrestis morphotype in M2, and 2n = 46, NF = 50, Nfa = 46 karyotype. The new species described here raises the total number of Microtus species in Turkey to 13 and endemic …

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Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Utilizing Water Buffalo Dungon The Black Sea Coast Of Turkey, Gregory Thomas Sullivan, Sebahat Sullivan, Jean-Pierre Lumaret, Greg Baxter, Myron Zalucki, Ünal Zeybekoğlu Jan 2016

Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Utilizing Water Buffalo Dungon The Black Sea Coast Of Turkey, Gregory Thomas Sullivan, Sebahat Sullivan, Jean-Pierre Lumaret, Greg Baxter, Myron Zalucki, Ünal Zeybekoğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

There have been few ecological studies of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. In the RAMSAR-listed wetland system of the Kızılırmak Delta of Turkey's central Black Sea coast, seasonal grazing by domesticated water buffalo produces plentiful dung from April to November. Twenty-three species of dung beetles from 13 genera of Aphodiinae and 4 genera of Scarabaeinae were collected from their dung on two adjacent soil types in 2013. The species were from three functional groups, namely dung dwelling (12), tunneling (10), and ball rolling (1). Thirteen and fourteen species were collected in spring/summer and autumn, …

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New Records Of Springtails (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha)And Oribatid Mites (Acari: Oribatida) In Georgia, Shalva Barjadze, Maka Murvanidze Jan 2016

New Records Of Springtails (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha)And Oribatid Mites (Acari: Oribatida) In Georgia, Shalva Barjadze, Maka Murvanidze

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Four species of springtails and four species of oribatid mites were identified as new records for the Georgian fauna from different regions of the country: Coecobrya tenebricosa (Folsom, 1902); Entomobrya muscorum (Nicolet, 1842) Rondani, 1861; Heteromurus major (Moniez, 1889); Pseudosinella octopunctata Börner, 1901; Austrocarabodes ensifer (Sellnick, 1931); Jacotella frondeus (Kulijev, 1969); Lasiobelba pori (Vasiliu and Ivan, 1995); and Bipassalozetes sabulosus (Shtanchaeva, 1986). Moreover, L. Pori is the first record for the Caucasian fauna. With these new records, the number of springtail species known from Georgia increases to 97 and the number of oribatid mite species in Georgia exceeds 530.

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