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University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

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Articles 91 - 120 of 524

Full-Text Articles in Zoology

Use Of Anti-Mullerian Hormone To Select For Fertility In Beef Heifers, Hannah Newberry, Beth Kegley, Charles Rosenkrans, Rick Rorie Jan 2016

Use Of Anti-Mullerian Hormone To Select For Fertility In Beef Heifers, Hannah Newberry, Beth Kegley, Charles Rosenkrans, Rick Rorie

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

A study was conducted to determine whether concentration of serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) at weaning and/or breeding could predict subsequent fertility in beef heifers. Frequency distribution was used to assign serum AMH concentration measured at weaning, breeding, and the change from weaning to breeding into quartiles. Comparison of heifers based on serum AMH quartiles at weaning failed (P ≥ 0.35) to detect any effect of AMH on subsequent heifer cyclicity at breeding, estrous response after synchronization, artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rate, overall breeding season pregnancy rate, or estimated estrous cycle of the breeding season when conception occurred. Based on AMH …

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Proportionality Between Population Descriptors (Covariables) In An Aggregated Acanthocephalan (Helminth) Infection Of A Microcrustacean: Crofton Revisited, J. J. Daly Sr., K. Wagner Jan 2016

Proportionality Between Population Descriptors (Covariables) In An Aggregated Acanthocephalan (Helminth) Infection Of A Microcrustacean: Crofton Revisited, J. J. Daly Sr., K. Wagner

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We have previously shown that population parameters of the trematode metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum in black bass (Micropterus spp.) were closely correlated with each other with the exception of prevalence (Daly et al. 2007, Daly (2014). Crofton (1971) and Haynes and Nicholas (1963) published raw data on an acanthocephalan, (Polymorphus minutus) in an amphipod intermediate host collected on 6 different sites on a stream. That data was used herein to examine similar correlations, as with Clinostomum, to see if another helminth infection, in this case from a different phylum, also had similar descriptor relationships. Forty one regression analyses were done …

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Population Sampling Of Chelonians In An Urban Lake In Jonesboro, Craighead County, Arkansas, J. D. Konvalina, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth Jan 2016

Population Sampling Of Chelonians In An Urban Lake In Jonesboro, Craighead County, Arkansas, J. D. Konvalina, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a mark-recapture survey for aquatic turtles in Craighead Forest Lake in Jonesboro (Craighead County, Arkansas). From July 2, 2015 to October 14, 2015, we set six hoop nets, baited with fish parts, at specific shoreline locations around the lake. Traps were set twice a week and checked 12 hours after they were set. Carapace length, carapace width, plastron length, and plastron width were measured for each individual. Each turtle was identified to species and its sex was recorded. We also placed a notch in one or more of its marginal scutes to aid in future identification. Finally, a …

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Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2016, R. Tumlison, C. T. Mcallister, H. W. Robison, M. B. Connior, D. B. Sasse, D. A. Saugey, S. Chordas Iii Jan 2016

Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2016, R. Tumlison, C. T. Mcallister, H. W. Robison, M. B. Connior, D. B. Sasse, D. A. Saugey, S. Chordas Iii

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Often, interesting and important observations of vertebrate distribution and natural history are not published because they are not part of a larger study. Knowledge of small details, however, not only fills gaps in understanding but also lead researchers to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent observations of importance that can add immensely to the growth of knowledge of the biology of vertebrates in Arkansas.

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Long-Term Monitoring And Recovery Of A Population Of Alligator Snapping Turtles, Macrochelys Temminckii (Testudines: Chelydridae), From A Northeastern Arkansas Stream, S. E. Trauth, D. S. Siegel, M. L. Mccallum, D. H. Jamieson, A. Holt, J. B. Trauth, H. Hicks, J. W. Stanley, J. Elston, J. J. Kelly, J. D. Konvalina Jan 2016

Long-Term Monitoring And Recovery Of A Population Of Alligator Snapping Turtles, Macrochelys Temminckii (Testudines: Chelydridae), From A Northeastern Arkansas Stream, S. E. Trauth, D. S. Siegel, M. L. Mccallum, D. H. Jamieson, A. Holt, J. B. Trauth, H. Hicks, J. W. Stanley, J. Elston, J. J. Kelly, J. D. Konvalina

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a mark-recapture study of Alligator Snapping Turtles, Macrochelys temminckii, on Salado Creek (Independence Co., Arkansas) during 10 trapping seasons, which spanned a 20-year period (1995–2015). We trapped a total of 163 Alligator Snapping Turtles during 416 trap nights and recorded a total of 35 recaptures during this study. Both the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and Jolly-Seber approaches demonstrated that this population benefitted from removal of harvest pressure, thus leading to an increase in abundance of Alligator Snapping Turtles in the lower ~5 km of the creek. The CPUE averaged slightly greater than 0.24 (317 trap nights) during …

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New Chigger (Acari) Records From Arkansas Amphibians (Caudata, Anura) And Reptiles (Sauria), M. B. Connior, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, S. E. Trauth, H. W. Robison Jan 2016

New Chigger (Acari) Records From Arkansas Amphibians (Caudata, Anura) And Reptiles (Sauria), M. B. Connior, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, S. E. Trauth, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Report On An Oomycete Infection (Heterokontophyta: Oomycota) In Northern Studfish, Fundulus Catenatus (Fundulidae) From Tenmile Creek, Saline County, Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, H. W. Robison Jan 2016

Report On An Oomycete Infection (Heterokontophyta: Oomycota) In Northern Studfish, Fundulus Catenatus (Fundulidae) From Tenmile Creek, Saline County, Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Hematozoan Parasites (Apicomplexa, Kinetoplastida) Of Seven Arkansas Reptiles (Testudines, Ophidia), C. T. Mcallister, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison, T. J. Fayton, R. Tumlison, S. E. Trauth Jan 2016

Hematozoan Parasites (Apicomplexa, Kinetoplastida) Of Seven Arkansas Reptiles (Testudines, Ophidia), C. T. Mcallister, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison, T. J. Fayton, R. Tumlison, S. E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Little is known concerning the hematozoan parasites of Arkansas reptiles. Although there are previous reports in the state of these intraerythrocytic parasites infecting various reptiles, additional research is sorely needed. Here, we attempt to augment that void by providing additional hosts infected by these apicomplexans, including the first report of a trypomastigote of a Trypanosoma sp. from an Arkansas turtle.

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Gastrointestinal Parasites Of The Northern River Otter, Lontra Canadensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae), From Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, A. Surf, R. Tumlison, C. R. Bursey, T. J. Fayton Jan 2016

Gastrointestinal Parasites Of The Northern River Otter, Lontra Canadensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae), From Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, A. Surf, R. Tumlison, C. R. Bursey, T. J. Fayton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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New Records And Notes On The Natural History Of Selected Invertebrates From Arkansas, R. Tumlison, H. W. Robison, T. L. Tumlison Jan 2016

New Records And Notes On The Natural History Of Selected Invertebrates From Arkansas, R. Tumlison, H. W. Robison, T. L. Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Spring Migration Ecology Of American Woodcock (Scolopax Minor) In The Central Management Region Of The United States, Cari Elizabeth Sebright Dec 2015

Spring Migration Ecology Of American Woodcock (Scolopax Minor) In The Central Management Region Of The United States, Cari Elizabeth Sebright

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

American woodcock (Scolopax minor) is a migratory game bird in population decline since the start of monitoring in 1968. Researchers are interested in gaining knowledge of spring migration ecology to improve migration habitat and mitigate population decline. I captured six woodcock with mist and hand nets on nocturnal habitat and marked them with VHF (very high frequency) transmitters in northern Arkansas. I documented the distance they traveled between nocturnal and diurnal habitats (n=27), and documented diurnal vegetation characteristics at sites used (n=25). I found that woodcock moved an average of 370 m (SE 25.31 m) with the longest movement being …

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Calorimetry And Body Composition Research In Broilers And Broiler Breeders, Justina Victoria Caldas Cueva Dec 2015

Calorimetry And Body Composition Research In Broilers And Broiler Breeders, Justina Victoria Caldas Cueva

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Indirect calorimetry to study heat production (HP) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for body composition (BC) are powerful techniques to study the dynamics of energy and protein utilization in poultry. The first two chapters present the BC (dry matter, lean, protein, and fat, bone mineral, calcium and phosphorus) of modern broilers from 1 – 60 d of age analyzed by chemical analysis and DEXA. DEXA has been validated for precision, standardized for position, and equations and validations developed for chickens under two different feeding levels. These equations are unique to the machine and software in use. Research in broilers …

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Investigations Into The Incidence And Control Of Selected Parasites And Pathogens Which Infect Arkansas Horses, Stephanie Ann O'Berg Rainbolt May 2015

Investigations Into The Incidence And Control Of Selected Parasites And Pathogens Which Infect Arkansas Horses, Stephanie Ann O'Berg Rainbolt

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Parasite control is an important aspect of health management of horses, particularly the control of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites. Recently, treatment recommendations have involved selective use of anthelmintics in horses with fecal egg counts (FEC) greater than a specified threshold. The objectives of this study were; (1) to determine the prevalence of helminths in our area by egg and L3 determinations, (2) to determine if certain horses maintained low FEC, therefore eliminating the need to treat them on a year-round basis and (3) to determine the effectiveness of four common treatments (moxidectin, ivermectin (pioneer and generic), fenbendazole and pyrantel tartrate) via …

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Comparison Of Microwear On Rodent Molars From Differing Species And A Wide Range Of Environments, Mikko Joiner May 2015

Comparison Of Microwear On Rodent Molars From Differing Species And A Wide Range Of Environments, Mikko Joiner

Anthropology Undergraduate Honors Theses

Dental microwear analysis is a very useful tool when trying to infer the diet of a particular organism. By studying the use-wear scars left on the enamel of the tooth due to eaten objects, one can infer the diet of the organism because certain types of food leave certain types of scars. For example, the consumption of tree parts produces pits, while the consumption of grasses produces striated scratches (Ungar et al., 2007). Thus, based on the type of microwear, the diet of the organism in question can be deduced, which indicates the type of environment that it lives in. …

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Case Of Frugivory In A Green Treefrog (Hyla Cinerea) From Northeastern Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, T. D. Marsico Jan 2015

Case Of Frugivory In A Green Treefrog (Hyla Cinerea) From Northeastern Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, T. D. Marsico

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An adult green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) was collected in mid-September 2014 from Jonesboro, Craighead County, Arkansas. Contents included the remains of a beetle and two fruits. The contents were photographed, measured, and identified to the lowest achievable taxonomic level. The beetle was identified as a spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpuncta howardi Barber [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]). The fruits were identified as Persicaria sp. (likely P.punctata (Elliot) Small; Polygonaceae) and Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae). Fruits in the stomachs of frogs are rarely reported in the literature, but could represent possible mechanisms for seed dispersal in plants. It is unknown if frogs select to …

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Introduction Of Florida Bass Alleles Into Largemouth Bass Inhabiting Northeastarkansas Stream Systems, W. J. Brockway, Ronald L. Johnson Jan 2015

Introduction Of Florida Bass Alleles Into Largemouth Bass Inhabiting Northeastarkansas Stream Systems, W. J. Brockway, Ronald L. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Florida bass (Micropterus floridanus) have been introduced throughout much of the southern U.S. over the past 50 years. This species readily hybridizes with the extant largemouth bass (M. salmoides). Within Arkansas, the Florida bass is currently stocked in the southern half of the state. Previous studies of a northern Arkansas hatchery and a reservoir revealed the existence of Florida bass alleles in each. Other studies in Oklahoma and Texas have revealed the presence of Florida bass alleles in stream systems proximal to lakes stocked. Our goal was to investigate, using microsatellite analysis of 7 diagnostic loci, the presence of Florida …

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Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Three-Toed Box Turtles, Terrapene Carolina Triunguis (Reptilia: Testudines), From Arkansas And Oklahoma, C. T. Mcallister, D. Motriuk-Smith, R. S. Seville, C. Hudson, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison Jan 2015

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Three-Toed Box Turtles, Terrapene Carolina Triunguis (Reptilia: Testudines), From Arkansas And Oklahoma, C. T. Mcallister, D. Motriuk-Smith, R. S. Seville, C. Hudson, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We collected 50 three-toed box turtles (Terrapene carolina triunguis) from 9 counties of Arkansas and 4 counties of Oklahoma, and examined their feces for coccidial parasites. Nine of 24 (38%) turtles from Arkansas and 8 of 26 (31%) from Oklahoma were found to be passing oocysts of Eimeria ornata. This represents two new geographic distributional records for this coccidian. Measurements of individual isolates of E. ornate as well as morphological characteristics are provided with comparison to its original description and to another Terrapene coccidian, Eimeria carri. In addition, we noted an adelid pseudoparasite being passed by a single T. c. …

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Testicular Histology And Sperm Morphometrics Of The Bird-Voiced Treefrog, Hyla Avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), From Arkansas, S. E. Trauth, C. S. Thigpen, M. B. Connior Jan 2015

Testicular Histology And Sperm Morphometrics Of The Bird-Voiced Treefrog, Hyla Avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), From Arkansas, S. E. Trauth, C. S. Thigpen, M. B. Connior

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We examined the testicular histology and spermatozoal dimensions of the bird-voiced treefrog, Hyla avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), from samples collected in May, June, and July from localities in three counties (Calhoun, Conway, and Little River) in Arkansas. Calling frogs were necropsied in the lab, and testes were prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy. Spermatocysts within seminiferous tubules of all males contained large aggregates of spermatozoa. Primary spermatogonia, the largest of all germ cells, ranged from 13.3 – 17.8 μm in diameter (= 15.37 ± 1.22; n = 20). Measurements of sperm dimensions yielded the following length parameters (range, mean ± …

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Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2015, C. Renn Tumlison, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, D. Blake Sasse, D. A. Saugey Jan 2015

Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2015, C. Renn Tumlison, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, D. Blake Sasse, D. A. Saugey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Many important details of vertebrate biology are unknown to the scientific community because the observations are not part of a larger theoretical study. Yet, knowledge of such details not only fills gaps in understanding but also creates a framework for hypothesis building. We have collected observations of importance that can add to the growth of knowledge. Compiled here are important recent observations representing all vertebrate classes in Arkansas.

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Acanthocephalan Parasites Of Select Fishes (Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae), From The Arkansas And White River Drainages, Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, M. A. Barger, T. J. Fayton, M. B. Connior, D. A. Neely, H. W. Robison Jan 2015

Acanthocephalan Parasites Of Select Fishes (Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae), From The Arkansas And White River Drainages, Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, M. A. Barger, T. J. Fayton, M. B. Connior, D. A. Neely, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Helminth Parasites Of The Blackspotted Topminnow, Fundulus Olivaceus (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae), From The Interior Highlands Of Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, C. R. Bursey, T. J. Fayton, W. F. Font, H. W. Robison, M. B. Connior, D. G. Cloutman Jan 2015

Helminth Parasites Of The Blackspotted Topminnow, Fundulus Olivaceus (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae), From The Interior Highlands Of Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, C. R. Bursey, T. J. Fayton, W. F. Font, H. W. Robison, M. B. Connior, D. G. Cloutman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Crepidostomum Cornutum (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) From Midget Crayfish, Orconectes (Procericambarus) Nana (Decapoda: Cambaridae), From Northwestern Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, W. F. Font, H. W. Robison Jan 2015

Crepidostomum Cornutum (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) From Midget Crayfish, Orconectes (Procericambarus) Nana (Decapoda: Cambaridae), From Northwestern Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, W. F. Font, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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New Host And County Records Of The Fish Leech Cystobranchus Klemmi (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) In Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, L. I. Bagwell, J. D. Konvalina, S. A. Schratz, C. T. Mcallister, D. E. Moser, D. J. Richardson, H. W. Robison Jan 2015

New Host And County Records Of The Fish Leech Cystobranchus Klemmi (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) In Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, L. I. Bagwell, J. D. Konvalina, S. A. Schratz, C. T. Mcallister, D. E. Moser, D. J. Richardson, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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New Records And Life History Observations Of The American Badger (Taxidea Taxus) In Arkansas, R. Tumlison, D. B. Sasse Jan 2015

New Records And Life History Observations Of The American Badger (Taxidea Taxus) In Arkansas, R. Tumlison, D. B. Sasse

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Recent History Of Mountain Lion (Puma Concolor) Observations In Arkansas, With Notes On The Individual Killed In Bradley County, Arkansas In 2014, R. Tumlison, M. Barbee Jan 2015

Recent History Of Mountain Lion (Puma Concolor) Observations In Arkansas, With Notes On The Individual Killed In Bradley County, Arkansas In 2014, R. Tumlison, M. Barbee

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Atypical Head Markings Of The Ouachita Map Turtle (Graptemys Ouachitensis) In The Upper Ouachita River Of Arkansas, R. Tumlison, A. Surf Jan 2015

Atypical Head Markings Of The Ouachita Map Turtle (Graptemys Ouachitensis) In The Upper Ouachita River Of Arkansas, R. Tumlison, A. Surf

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Shorebird Foraging Habitat In Southeast Arkansas, J. E. Aycock, C. G. Sims Jan 2015

Shorebird Foraging Habitat In Southeast Arkansas, J. E. Aycock, C. G. Sims

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Approximately 500,000 shorebirds travel through the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) each spring and fall. During migration, the average 45g shorebird needs to eat approximately 8g of invertebrates per day. While shorebird stopover habitat guidelines for the MAV are based on an expert estimate of 2g of invertebrates/m2, this estimate has not been quantified in Arkansas. Invertebrate biomass available for shorebird foraging was examined on five properties in southeastern Arkansas during spring and fall migration (fall 2010, spring and fall 2011, and spring 2012). Macroinvertebrate biomass was less than the estimated 2 g/m2 in three of the four sampled seasons. Further …

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Measuring The Role Of Inhibition In Auditory Discrimination In Mice, Tazima Nur Dec 2014

Measuring The Role Of Inhibition In Auditory Discrimination In Mice, Tazima Nur

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Understanding how inhibitory neurons affect sensory information processing in the cerebral cortex is an ongoing goal of both neuroscience and statistical physics research. In this master's thesis research project, an experimental system has been designed and built for studying how auditory dynamic range depends on inhibitory neurons, based on observations of mouse behavior. In this thesis, firstly, the topic of inhibition and information processing has been introduced. Then two papers related to inhibition and dynamic range has been reviewed in detail. One of the papers is an experimental work that analyzes the affect of inhibition on dynamic range. The other …

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Evaluation Of Porcine Ipec-J2 Cell Line Growth Rate And Immune Response To E. Coli (0111:B4) Lps, Xiaofan Wang Dec 2014

Evaluation Of Porcine Ipec-J2 Cell Line Growth Rate And Immune Response To E. Coli (0111:B4) Lps, Xiaofan Wang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal porcine epithelial cell-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell line as a model to study the innate immune function of live pigs. Growth rates of IPEC-J2 cells in T-75 flasks and 96-well plates were evaluated using a hemocytometer and spectrophotometer for cell quantity measurements to determine growth rate and doubling time. Growth rates of IPEC-J2 cells in T-75 flasks and 96-well plates were 0.4016 and 0.2851 times of doubling/day respectively with a doubling time of 1.73 d and 2.43 d, respectively. Confluent IPEC-J2 monolayers were tested at five time intervals (0, 1, 2, …

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Central Administration Of Neuropeptide Y (Npy) And Vasotocin 4 Receptor (Vt4r/V1ar) Antagonists On Food Intake And A Stress Response In Chicks, Megan Ann Hancock Dec 2014

Central Administration Of Neuropeptide Y (Npy) And Vasotocin 4 Receptor (Vt4r/V1ar) Antagonists On Food Intake And A Stress Response In Chicks, Megan Ann Hancock

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to determine the central effect of the VT4R antagonists (SR-49059 and H-5350 (Manning compound)) on corticosterone (CORT) levels during stress and food intake. A 22-gauge stainless steel guide cannula was surgically implanted into the lateral ventricle of the birds. A preliminary study was done to test the antagonists and their role on food intake. Birds were injected with saline, NPY (4µg), NPY (4µg)+SR-49059 (250ng), or NPY (4µg)+Manning compound (250ng). Birds injected with saline had the lowest 1h food intake (17.7g1.6). Birds injected with NPY+saline had a significantly higher intake (27.1g 1.0), which was enhanced …

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