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Full-Text Articles in Zoology

The Localization And Structure Of A Neurohemal H-Organ In Acrida Bicolor(Thunberg) And Locusta Migratoria (Linneaus) (Orthoptera), Serap Mutun, Ayla Öber Jan 1998

The Localization And Structure Of A Neurohemal H-Organ In Acrida Bicolor(Thunberg) And Locusta Migratoria (Linneaus) (Orthoptera), Serap Mutun, Ayla Öber

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Acrida bicolor (Thunberg) and Locusta migratoria (Linneaus) nymphs were taken as objects to investigate the presence of neurohemal H-organ in Orthoptera of which was previously reported in Lepidoptera. A triangle-shaped H-organ was clearly observed in between the suboesophagial and prothoracic ganglions in two species.


A New Record For The Turkish Fauna: Tycherobius Stramenticola Bolland(Acari, Actinedida, Camerobiidae), Kamil Koç, Nusret Ayyildiz Jan 1998

A New Record For The Turkish Fauna: Tycherobius Stramenticola Bolland(Acari, Actinedida, Camerobiidae), Kamil Koç, Nusret Ayyildiz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the characters and distribution of Tycherobius stramenticola Bolland, 1986 which is a new record for the Turkish fauna are given.


Physiological Energetics Of Buccinum Undatuml. (Gastropoda) Off Douglas,Isle Of Man (The Irish Sea), Ahmet E. Kideyş Jan 1998

Physiological Energetics Of Buccinum Undatuml. (Gastropoda) Off Douglas,Isle Of Man (The Irish Sea), Ahmet E. Kideyş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Physiological energetics of the common whelk ( Buccinum undatum) were studied in a population off Douglas, Isle of Man and an energy budget was constructed for the period February 1989 to January 1990. The components of the energy budget (in kJ m -2 year -1 ) for the population can be summarized thus: consumption (C)=753; growth production (P g )=34; reproductive production (P r )=4; mucus production=218; respiration (R)=96; ammonia excretion (U)=8; and faecal production (F)=393. Assimilation efficiency was 47.7%. P/B (annual production/biomass) was calculated as 1.40 representing an intermediate life span for this species.


Fluctuation Of Dominant Mesozooplankton Species In The Black Sea, North Sea And The Baltic Sea: Is A General Trend Recognisable?, Ulrich Niermann, Ferit Bi̇ngel, Güner Ergün Jan 1998

Fluctuation Of Dominant Mesozooplankton Species In The Black Sea, North Sea And The Baltic Sea: Is A General Trend Recognisable?, Ulrich Niermann, Ferit Bi̇ngel, Güner Ergün

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The distribution and fluctation of dominant pelagic species>300µ(Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Scyhozoa, Ctenophora and ichthyoplankton) of the southern Black Sea were compared with that of dominant species of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea in relation to oceanographic and environmental features. In all three seas, similar changes in the zooplankton composition took place at the end of the 1980's, and the beginning of the 1990's. - decreasing or increasing abundances of certain species, - occurrence of new species (North Sea: Muggiaea atlantica Lusitanean fish species; Black Sea: Mnemiopsis leidyl), - changes with respect to onset and duration of the bloom …


Distribution Of Oligochaeta Species As Bioindicators Of Organic Pollution Inankara Stream And Their Use In Biomonitoring, Nilgün Kazanci, Sönmez Gi̇rgi̇n Jan 1998

Distribution Of Oligochaeta Species As Bioindicators Of Organic Pollution Inankara Stream And Their Use In Biomonitoring, Nilgün Kazanci, Sönmez Gi̇rgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Specimens of the Oligochaeta species to be used as bioindicators of organic pollution were collected from Ankara Stream between April 1991 and November 1992. These species have been interpreted together with physico-chemical and the most important ecological parameters of the sampling point and evaluated to be used in biomonitoring.


Erythrocyte Sizes Of Some Urodeles From Turkey, Mehmet K. Atatür, H. Arikan, A. Mermer Jan 1998

Erythrocyte Sizes Of Some Urodeles From Turkey, Mehmet K. Atatür, H. Arikan, A. Mermer

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study is on the erythrocyte sizes of some urodeles ( Salamandra salamandra, Triturus vulgaris, Triturus karelinii, Tri-turus vittatus, Mertensiella luschani, Mertensiella caucasica) living in various localities of Turkey. Blood smears stained with Wright's stain were utilized.


A New Subspecies Of Jerboa From Turkey;Allactaga Euphratica Kivanci Subsp. N., Ercüment Çolak, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t Jan 1998

A New Subspecies Of Jerboa From Turkey;Allactaga Euphratica Kivanci Subsp. N., Ercüment Çolak, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, 42 specimens of Allactaga euphratica from Urfa (Turkey) were examined based on morphological, cranial, external and karyological characters. A comparison of specimens from Urfa with those from Syria, Jordan, Kuwait and Iraq showed that specimens from Urfa, Syria and Jordan, Kuwait and Iraq showed that specimens from Urfa, Syria and Jordan differ from those from Kuwait and Iraq. Thus, specimens from Urfa (Turkey), Syria and Jordan were included in a new subspecies, Allactaga euphratica kivanci subsp. n.


Ecology And Biology Of Allactaga Elater, Allactaga Euphratica Andallactaga Williamsi (Rodentia: Dipodidae) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t Jan 1998

Ecology And Biology Of Allactaga Elater, Allactaga Euphratica Andallactaga Williamsi (Rodentia: Dipodidae) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The young of Allactaga williamsi and Allactaga euphratica were born at an average weigth of 2.51 and 2.74 g., respectively. Litter size ranged from 3 to 6 with an average of 4.8 in A. williamsi, and it changed from 4 to 8 with an average of 4.8 in A. euphratica , A. williamsi breeds during the period of March to August, A. williamsi and A. euphratica produced 2 and 2 or 3 litters per year, respectively. Allactaga elater has four types of burrows: winter, summer, reproduction and temporary. A. williamsi and A. euphratica have two types of burrows: reproduction and …


A Study On Taxonomic Status Of Microtus Subterraneus (De Selyslongchamps, 1836) And Microtus Majori Thomas, 1906 (Mammalia:Rodentia) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt Jan 1998

A Study On Taxonomic Status Of Microtus Subterraneus (De Selyslongchamps, 1836) And Microtus Majori Thomas, 1906 (Mammalia:Rodentia) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Specimens collected from Veliköprüsü in Thrace (European Turkey), Akçaalan (Abant, Bolu), Akkus, (Ordu), and Meryemana (Trabzon), which is the type locality of M. majori, were examined according to morphological, external, cranial, bacular, phallic and karyological characters. Specimens from Thrace were included in Microtus subterraneus. Populations of M. subterraneus in Thrace karyologically differ from those in Anatolia, the former having 2n = 52 chromosomes, NFa = 56, NF =60, and the latter 2n = 54 chromosomes, NFa = 56, NF = 60. The karyotype of M. majori at its type locality contains 2n = 54 chromosomes along with NFa = 56 …


A Study On The Long-Eared Hedgehog, Hemiechinus Auritus(Gmelin, 1770)(Mammalia: Insectivora) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt Jan 1998

A Study On The Long-Eared Hedgehog, Hemiechinus Auritus(Gmelin, 1770)(Mammalia: Insectivora) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Thirteen specimens of Hemiechinus auritus collected in Turkey were examined for external, cranial, karyological and phallic characteristics along with postnatal development. The karyotype of H. auritus has 2n = 48 chromosomes, NFa = 92 and NF = 96. The X chromosome is a large metacentric and the Y chromosome is the smallest metacentric. There are two rows of spines on the dorsal of the glans penis. The pups were born with an average weight of 6.74 g, and they opened their eyes and ears 20 days after birth. Weaning took place on day 31.


Comparative Efficacy Of Bromadiolone, Cholecalciferol And Zinc Phosphideagainst Short -Tailed Mole Rat Nesokia Indica In Captivity, Amjad Pervez, Syed M. Ahmad, S. Waqar, A. Rizvi Jan 1998

Comparative Efficacy Of Bromadiolone, Cholecalciferol And Zinc Phosphideagainst Short -Tailed Mole Rat Nesokia Indica In Captivity, Amjad Pervez, Syed M. Ahmad, S. Waqar, A. Rizvi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

We conducted no-choice and paired choice feeding trials with individually caged Nesokia indica to evaluate the efficacy of Bromadiolone, Cholecalciferol and Zinc phosphide baits. Under no-choice test (1 day and 3 day) male rats consumed less bromadiolone bait. However, sex-wise difference was observed non-significant. Under choice feeding test, difference between bromadiolone bait intake and sex was observed non-significant. Under cholecalciferol bait, treated bait was consumed more than plain bait. Among the baits tested, cholecalciferol appeared promising for controlling short-tailed mole rat, Nesokia indica.


An Investigation On The Reproduction Properties Of Chub ( Leuciscus Cephalusl., 1758) In Lake Tödürge (Zara/Sivas)*, Bülent Ünver Jan 1998

An Investigation On The Reproduction Properties Of Chub ( Leuciscus Cephalusl., 1758) In Lake Tödürge (Zara/Sivas)*, Bülent Ünver

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the reproductive properties of the chub population ( Leuciscus cephalusL., 1758) in lake Tödürge, Zara/Sivas, were investigated. A total of 674 specimens were caught between April and November 1994. The age and sex distributions and the age of sexual maturity were determined. The reproduction period of the population was determined. Fecundity was determined and the relationships between the fecundity and body weight, length and age were investigated. The age composition of specimens of the population consisting of 68.25% female and 31.75% male, was found to be between I and VII. Males reached maturity in their second or …


Levels Of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr And Ni) In Tissue Of Cyprinus Carpio,Barbus Capitoand Chondrostoma Regiumfrom The Seyhan River, Turkey, M. Canli, Ö. Ay, M. Kalay Jan 1998

Levels Of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr And Ni) In Tissue Of Cyprinus Carpio,Barbus Capitoand Chondrostoma Regiumfrom The Seyhan River, Turkey, M. Canli, Ö. Ay, M. Kalay

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper, chromium and nickel were determined in the gill, liver and muscle of Cyprinus carpio, Barbus capito and Chondrostoma regium caught at 5 stations on the Seyhan river system. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues tended to vary significantly among stations, and one station thought to be contaminated by hospital effluents showed particularly high metal concentration. Liver and gill tissues showed higher metal concentrations than muscle tissue. The ranges of mean metal concentrations (µg/g d.w.) were as follows: the range of cadmium concentration was 1.26-6.10, 0.96-4.72 and 0.51- 1.67, that of lead was 9.41-44.75, 5.22-37.15 and …


Incidence Of Mealy Bug Dismycoccus Brevipes (Cockrell) On Pineapple, Akhlaq Ahmed Khan, Ghulam Mustafa Avesi, Syed Zafar Masud, Syed Waqar Ali Rizvi Jan 1998

Incidence Of Mealy Bug Dismycoccus Brevipes (Cockrell) On Pineapple, Akhlaq Ahmed Khan, Ghulam Mustafa Avesi, Syed Zafar Masud, Syed Waqar Ali Rizvi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The pineapple mealy bug ( Dismycoccus brevipes) infestation is reported for the first time from Pakistan, Ratoon, crownlet, slip and sucker plants were found infested by this bug. A total of 3464 bugs were collected from these plants with a mean value of 43.3 bugs/plant. Two-third (2291) of the bug population was found on the roots while one-third (1173) were recovered from the leaf base of the pineapple.


The Effect Of Salinity On Larval Growth And Survival Of Penaeus Indicus (Decapoda: Penaeidae), Metin Kumlu Jan 1998

The Effect Of Salinity On Larval Growth And Survival Of Penaeus Indicus (Decapoda: Penaeidae), Metin Kumlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was conducted to determine optimum salinity for the larval growth, survival and development of Penaeus indicus. For this, PZI (protozoea 1) larvae were stocked in 2-L round bottom glass flasks in two replicates at 20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt salinities and were reared on live diets until PL (postlarvae) stages. Highest survival (91%) and greatest growth (6.48 mm) at postlarval stages (PLI/2) were obtained with the larvae cultured at 25 ppt (P


Productivity Enhancement Of Rice Crop Yield Through Prevention Of Losses Due To Wild Boars In Pakistan, Abdul Rauf Khokhar, Syed Waqar Ali Rizvi Jan 1998

Productivity Enhancement Of Rice Crop Yield Through Prevention Of Losses Due To Wild Boars In Pakistan, Abdul Rauf Khokhar, Syed Waqar Ali Rizvi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The wild boar control trials were conducted in rice fields in the districts of Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Faisalabad and Gujrat, covering an overall area of 3000 hectares. Zinc phosphide encapsulated bait was used resulting in 80-100% reductions in wild boar activity. In addition, the impact of the boar control work on the crop productivity was evaluated by interviewing 391 farmers selected randomly from the trial areas. The average farm size of the sampled farmers was 426.30 hectares. The average yield loss due to wild boars was estimated at 22.75%. By applying newly developed zinc phosphide capsular technology, 502.17 mt. of rice …


An Investigation On The Blood-Serum Proteins Of Chalcides Ocellatus(Sauria: Scincidae) Populations From Southern Anatolia, Hüseyin Arikan, Mehmet K. Atatür, Ahmet Mermer Jan 1998

An Investigation On The Blood-Serum Proteins Of Chalcides Ocellatus(Sauria: Scincidae) Populations From Southern Anatolia, Hüseyin Arikan, Mehmet K. Atatür, Ahmet Mermer

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, blood-serum proteins of 22 adult (11 MM , 11 VV ) Chalcides ocellatus (ocelated skink) specimens collected from various localities in Southern Anatolia are investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by means of polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and densitometry. The species' serum protein electropherograms and protein distribution patterns are established for the first time.


A New Species Of The Genus Orculella From East Anatolia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Pupilloidea), Hartwig Schütt, Rıdvan Sesen Jan 1998

A New Species Of The Genus Orculella From East Anatolia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Pupilloidea), Hartwig Schütt, Rıdvan Sesen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A new land snail Orculella garzanensis which is evidently the largest species of this genus was described from East Anatolia Siirt Province.


A Taxonomical Study On The Rana Ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Anura: Ranidae)Population From İvriz-Ereğli (Konya), Hüseyin Arikan, Kurtuluş Olgun, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, C. Varol Tok Jan 1998

A Taxonomical Study On The Rana Ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Anura: Ranidae)Population From İvriz-Ereğli (Konya), Hüseyin Arikan, Kurtuluş Olgun, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, C. Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, 15 adult (5 MM , 10 V V ) Rana ridibunda specimens were studied. According to the results of the mor-phological analysis, the Ivriz population was included in R. r. caralitana. Furthermore, the distribution area of R. r. caralitana was extended.


A Report On Reptiles Collected From Kumluca-Kalkan (Antalya), Turkey, Abidin Budak, Cemal Varol Tok, Ahmet Mermer Jan 1998

A Report On Reptiles Collected From Kumluca-Kalkan (Antalya), Turkey, Abidin Budak, Cemal Varol Tok, Ahmet Mermer

Turkish Journal of Zoology

9 species of lizards and 2 species of snakes, belonging to a total of seven families were collected from Kumluca-Kalkan between 8 and 10 April 1997.


A New Species Of Exeurytoma Burks, 1971 From Turkey(Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), Halit Çam Jan 1998

A New Species Of Exeurytoma Burks, 1971 From Turkey(Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), Halit Çam

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Exeurytoma anatolica sp. n. is described from Tokat, Turkey, and its diagnostic characters are illustrated.


A New Record Of Acaropsella Volgini(Acari: Prostigmata, Cheyletidae)For The Fauna Of Turkey, Kamil Koç Jan 1998

A New Record Of Acaropsella Volgini(Acari: Prostigmata, Cheyletidae)For The Fauna Of Turkey, Kamil Koç

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the characteristic features of Acaropsella volgini (Gerson, 1967), a new record for the Turkish fauna, are given for the first time based on the drawings made from our specimens. In addition, their distribution is presented.


The Herpetofauna Of The Ordu-Giresun Region, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Varol Tok, Oğuz Türkozan Jan 1998

The Herpetofauna Of The Ordu-Giresun Region, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Varol Tok, Oğuz Türkozan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, 17 reptile and amphibian species were recorded from 19 different localities in the Ordu-Giresun region. Of these, 3 belong to the urodelans species group, 6 belong to anurans, 4 belong to lizards and 4 belong to snakes.


The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Rattus Norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) Andrattus Rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia: Muridae) In Turkey, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt Jan 1998

The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Rattus Norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) Andrattus Rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia: Muridae) In Turkey, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the Turkish population of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus were studied with regard to external, cranial, phalli, bacula and tooth crown morphology and karyotype. External, internal and karyologic characteristics of R. norvegicus were found to be consistent with previously published results. Additionally, it was determined that there are striking color variations in the dorsal and ventral fur of R. rattus and that crown morphology is not a definitive characteristic distinguishing these species because of connected lobes in old specimens. According to the karyological studies, the diploid chromosome numbers and fundamental numbers of R. norvegicus and R. rattus …


Toxicity Of Neem Leaves Extract (Nlx) Compared Withmalathion (57 E.C.) Against Late 3rd Instar Larvaeof Culex Fatigans(Wild Strain) By Who Method, Mohammad Arshad Azmi, Syed Naeemul Hassan Naqvi, Imtiaz Ahmad, Rahila Tabassum, Bushra Anb Jan 1998

Toxicity Of Neem Leaves Extract (Nlx) Compared Withmalathion (57 E.C.) Against Late 3rd Instar Larvaeof Culex Fatigans(Wild Strain) By Who Method, Mohammad Arshad Azmi, Syed Naeemul Hassan Naqvi, Imtiaz Ahmad, Rahila Tabassum, Bushra Anb

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Among the filariaris causing mosquitoes Culex fatigans is considered an important intermediate host in South-East Asia. Toxicity of ethanolic extract of neem leaves (NLX) is compared with an organophosphate pesticide malathion (57 E.C.). The LC 50 value of malathion (Sisthion) determined presently is 0.45 ppm against late 3rd instar larvae of Culex fatigans (wild strain) and of neem fraction (NLX) is 390 ppm by standard WHO method.


Survival And Growth Of Corophium Volutator In Organically Enrichedsediment: A Comparison Of Laboratory And Field Experiments, Levent Bat, Dave Raffaelli Jan 1998

Survival And Growth Of Corophium Volutator In Organically Enrichedsediment: A Comparison Of Laboratory And Field Experiments, Levent Bat, Dave Raffaelli

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas) was evaluated as test organisms for use in sediment toxicity tests by adapting standard protocols for conducting 10-day and 28-day sediment toxicity tests. Combine laboratory and field bioas-says showed that Corophium can survive in organically enriched sediment if they have no alternative, suggesting that Corophium is relatively tolerant of organically enriched sediment. Neither were there effects on emergence or reburying behaviour. Therefore this bioassay is considered inappropriate for estimating the quality of organically enricment sediment.


The Behavioural Abilities Of Meteorus Versicolor Wesm. And Rogas Rossicuskok. (Hymenoptera, Branconidae) Parasitoids Of Tephrina Arenacearia Den.Et Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), Ilhama Gudrat Gizi Kerimova Jan 1998

The Behavioural Abilities Of Meteorus Versicolor Wesm. And Rogas Rossicuskok. (Hymenoptera, Branconidae) Parasitoids Of Tephrina Arenacearia Den.Et Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), Ilhama Gudrat Gizi Kerimova

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This paper concerns with the behavioural abilities of Meteorus versicolor Wesm. and Rogas rossicus Kok. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)-internal parasitoids of Thephrina arenacearia Den. et Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) as well. Periods of development phases and searching, ovipositional and mating behaviour of both parasitoids have been investigated.


Ornithological Observations On Karadag, Konya Province, Turkey, Guy M. Kirwan Jan 1998

Ornithological Observations On Karadag, Konya Province, Turkey, Guy M. Kirwan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Few ornithological observations are available from the isolated massifs of the Central Plateau; and for Karadag, Konya province there exists only the records of Ramsay (1914) in the summer of 1907. Observations from a visit in June 1996 are pre-sented and compared with those of Ramsay and data from other sources, principally Roselaar (1995). The total number of bird species recorded on the mountain is 53, of which 18 have been proven to breed; it seems probable that the globally threatened White-tailed Eagle formerly bred in the study area.


Some Aspects Of Reproductive Biology Of Euryglossa Orientalis(Bl. & Schn.)In North Arabian Sea Along The Coast Of Karachi, Pakistan, Mohammed Atiqullah Khan Jan 1998

Some Aspects Of Reproductive Biology Of Euryglossa Orientalis(Bl. & Schn.)In North Arabian Sea Along The Coast Of Karachi, Pakistan, Mohammed Atiqullah Khan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In Euryglossa orientalis,sexual maturity was separated into seven stages. Size at sexual maturity was observed at 182 mm TL in males and 178 mm TL in females. A male-female ratio of 1.00:1.60 was determined (0.385:0.615). This species has two spawning seasons in Pakistani waters. The ist spawning season starts in September and the second in February. Fecundity ranged from 9922 to 83891 with a mean value of 36361.


Some Observations On Gastric Emptying In The Black Sea Whiting,Merlangius Merlangus Euxinus, (N. 1840) Fed On Natural Prey, Kadir Seyhan, N. Selda Başçinar, Ertug Düzgüneş Jan 1998

Some Observations On Gastric Emptying In The Black Sea Whiting,Merlangius Merlangus Euxinus, (N. 1840) Fed On Natural Prey, Kadir Seyhan, N. Selda Başçinar, Ertug Düzgüneş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study a new perspective on the feeding physiology of whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus, N. 1840 was investigated. The effects of the skin of the prey, double feeding and prey type on the gastric emptying rate (GER) of whiting fed on natural prey, namely anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicholus) and mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis), were investigated. Return of appetite was also studied. It was found that in laboratory conditions, whiting (48.0±8.30 g, n=12) had consumed about 10.2% of its body weight in mussels and return of appetite was found to be approximately 30 h. The effect of the skin of …