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Full-Text Articles in Zoology

Slavery, Welfare And The Sixth Extinction, Stephen R. Clark Mar 2016

Slavery, Welfare And The Sixth Extinction, Stephen R. Clark

Animal Sentience

Ng’s laudable concern for animal welfare would be welcome to any sensible slave-owner wishing to preserve his investment. What welfarism – for slave-owners and animal husbandmen – fails to call into question is whether we have the right to breed, hold captive and kill animals at all: If it matters, as the widely recognized slogan of ‘Five Freedoms’ suggests, that animals have the chance to live a ‘normal’ life, then more matters than keeping them ‘happy’ in subjection. Their lives – and also the lives of wild things – also deserve respect.

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Scorpions Of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) With Description Of Four New Species Of The Genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 And Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, Stat. N., František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, Kithsiri B. Ranawana, David Hoferek, V. A. Sanjeewa Jayarathne, Jana Plíšková, František Šťáhlavský Mar 2016

Scorpions Of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) With Description Of Four New Species Of The Genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 And Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, Stat. N., František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, Kithsiri B. Ranawana, David Hoferek, V. A. Sanjeewa Jayarathne, Jana Plíšková, František Šťáhlavský

Euscorpius

Data about all 18 known scorpion species of Sri Lanka are summarized. All previously known species were newly collected and four new species discovered during a scorpiological expedition in 2015. Information is provided about their taxonomy, distribution, ecology, and reproductive biology, fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, as well as their habitat. Subgenus Isometrus (Reddyanus) Vachon, 1972 is elevated to genus level, Reddyanus stat. n., supported by new characters of setation on leg tarsomere II and hemi-spermatophore morphology. Charmus saradieli sp. n., Reddyanus ceylonensis sp. n., R. jayarathnei …

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Wild Animal Suffering And Vegan Outreach, Eze Paez Mar 2016

Wild Animal Suffering And Vegan Outreach, Eze Paez

Animal Sentience

Ng’s strategic proposal seems to downplay the potential benefits of advocacy for wild animals and omit what may be the most effective strategy to reduce the harms farmed animals suffer: vegan outreach.

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New Data On The Distribution Of Butheoloides Littoralis Lourenço, Touloun Et Boumezzough, 2011 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Oulaid, Oulaid Touloun, Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan, Ali Boumezzough Mar 2016

New Data On The Distribution Of Butheoloides Littoralis Lourenço, Touloun Et Boumezzough, 2011 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Oulaid, Oulaid Touloun, Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan, Ali Boumezzough

Euscorpius

Morocco is the region in Africa with the highest diversity of Butheoloides Hirst, 1925 species. Until now, the total number of species of this genus known from Morocco is raised to five. A field study conducted in southern Morocco discovered a new specimen of Butheloides littoralis in the Tighmi region (southeast of Tiznit), the most continental site of this species in Morocco. This specimen is the third of this endemic species of Morocco but it is the first male discovered.

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Animal Suffering And Human Bias, Stijn Bruers Mar 2016

Animal Suffering And Human Bias, Stijn Bruers

Animal Sentience

Ng proposes concrete ways to decrease animal suffering on the basis of commonsense economic logic and research in welfare biology. But to reduce animal suffering effectively in livestock farming, animal experimentation or the natural environment we have to become more aware of our pervasive and spontaneous but unreliable intuitive moral judgments. These can generate biases that prevent us from decreasing animal suffering effectively.

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An Animal Victim's Best Chance: Veterinary Legal Duty To Report Cruelty In The U.S., Lora Dunn Feb 2016

An Animal Victim's Best Chance: Veterinary Legal Duty To Report Cruelty In The U.S., Lora Dunn

Animal Sentience

Legislation throughout the U.S. recognizes animal sentience and the importance of veterinary reporting to combat the ongoing suffering of these animal victims: All 50 states have felony penalties available for animal cruelty crimes, and veterinary reporting is permitted or required in the majority of states. The remaining minority of U.S. states should take action to require veterinarians to report animal cruelty and render veterinarians immune for good faith reporting.

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Veterinary Medical Associations Need To Educate Veterinarians For Mandatory Reporting Of Suspected Animal Abuse, Melinda V. Merck Feb 2016

Veterinary Medical Associations Need To Educate Veterinarians For Mandatory Reporting Of Suspected Animal Abuse, Melinda V. Merck

Animal Sentience

When animals are suffering, we have a duty to take action. With appropriate incentive and educational support mandatory veterinary reporting can be a great legal avenue to help ensure their safety and welfare.

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Fish Pain's Burden Of Proof, Carl Safina Feb 2016

Fish Pain's Burden Of Proof, Carl Safina

Animal Sentience

A hypothesis like Key’s, that fish cannot feel pain, should really be stated as a null hypothesis — an assumption that there is no difference in the things being compared. Then evidence — including anecdotal evidence — for and against rejecting the null hypothesis can be examined and weighed. Key (2016a) has proven only that fish lack mammalian brains.

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Burden Of Proof Lies With Proposer Of Celestial Teapot Hypothesis, Brian Key Feb 2016

Burden Of Proof Lies With Proposer Of Celestial Teapot Hypothesis, Brian Key

Animal Sentience

Bertrand Russell famously imagined the existence of a celestial teapot to highlight that the burden of proof of a hypothesis lay with its proposer and it was not the responsibility of others to refute it. Those who propose that fish feel pain must bear the burden of proof for their hypothesis. There are several common arguments adopted by those defending the position that fish feel pain. For instance, proponents envisage that pain is so important for human survival that they can’t imagine fish could exist without it. Out of this argument from incredulity emerges the idea that pain must have …

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Animal Suffering In China, Peter J. Li Feb 2016

Animal Suffering In China, Peter J. Li

Animal Sentience

Chinese policy has been aimed at maximizing GDP; it is time to focus also on minimizing animal suffering.

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Science And Sensibility, Bernard E. Rollin Feb 2016

Science And Sensibility, Bernard E. Rollin

Animal Sentience

The sentience and suffering of animals is obvious to common sense, even if science and industry claim to be agnostic. Economic incentives to reduce the suffering of animals are welcome, but it is not clear whether animals can turn to science for help.

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When The Client Is Not The Abuser, But One Of The Abused, Tania Signal Feb 2016

When The Client Is Not The Abuser, But One Of The Abused, Tania Signal

Animal Sentience

The question of client confidentiality and reporting animal abuse is complicated when the client is not the abuser, and when the abuse (of both people and animals) may escalate precisely because it has been (or may be) reported.

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Two New Scorpions Of The Genus Chaneke Francke, Teruel Et Santibáñez-López, 2014 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) From Southern Mexico, František Kovařík, Rolando Teruel, Graeme Lowe Feb 2016

Two New Scorpions Of The Genus Chaneke Francke, Teruel Et Santibáñez-López, 2014 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) From Southern Mexico, František Kovařík, Rolando Teruel, Graeme Lowe

Euscorpius

Herein we describe two new species of the recently discovered buthid scorpion genus Chaneke Francke, Teruel et Santibáñez-López, 2014. Both are from Oaxaca State in southern Mexico: Chaneke hofereki sp. n. based upon adults of both sexes from a single coastal locality, and Chaneke baldazoi sp. n. based upon adult females and juveniles from a mountain site in the Sierra Madre. Additional information is given on their taxonomy, distribution, ecology, and reproductive biology, fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, and their habitat.

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Scorpions Of Ethiopia. Part Iv. Genus Uroplectes Peters, 1861(Scorpiones: Buthidae), František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, David Hoferek, Jana Plíšková, František Šťáhlavský Jan 2016

Scorpions Of Ethiopia. Part Iv. Genus Uroplectes Peters, 1861(Scorpiones: Buthidae), František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, David Hoferek, Jana Plíšková, František Šťáhlavský

Euscorpius

All data about the distribution of Uroplectes fischeri (Karsch, 1879) in Ethiopia and Somalia are summarized. U. fischeri is fully illustrated with color photos of habitus and locality. Uroplectoides abyssinicus Lourenço, 1998 is discussed and synonymized with U. fischeri. Genus Uroplectoides Lourenço, 1998 is synonymized with Uroplectes Peters, 1861. Hemispermatophore of U. fischeri was extracted and illustrated for the first time. In addition to morphological analysis we also describe the karyotype of male U. fischeri from Ethiopia (2n=28).

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Dna Barcoding Indicates Hidden Diversity Of Euscorpius (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) In Turkey, Victor Fet, Matthew R. Graham, Gergin Blagoev, Ayşegül Karataş, Ahmet Karataş Jan 2016

Dna Barcoding Indicates Hidden Diversity Of Euscorpius (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) In Turkey, Victor Fet, Matthew R. Graham, Gergin Blagoev, Ayşegül Karataş, Ahmet Karataş

Euscorpius

The Anatolian fauna of the genus Euscorpius (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) is in the process of reassessment. Twelve species of this genus are currently recognized for Anatolia, of which seven have been recently described on the basis of morphology. We demonstrate additional cryptic diversity in Anatolian Euscorpius by applying molecular markers (mitochondrial COI and 16S rDNA genes) from 14 populations, of which 13 were morphologically characterized by “em=3,” a phenotypic marker on the pedipalp patella. All studied Anatolian forms are strongly supported as a single clade compared to the European (from the Alps to the Balkans) taxa of the subgenus …

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Editorial: "Euscorpius" Bicentennial Booklet, Victor Fet Jan 2016

Editorial: "Euscorpius" Bicentennial Booklet, Victor Fet

Euscorpius

Names and images of Euscorpius authors. Various images of scorpions from around the world.

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A New Species Of The Genus Thaicharmus Kovařík, 1995 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) From Northeast India, Zeeshan A. Mirza, Rajesh V. Sanap, Krushnamegh Kunte Jan 2016

A New Species Of The Genus Thaicharmus Kovařík, 1995 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) From Northeast India, Zeeshan A. Mirza, Rajesh V. Sanap, Krushnamegh Kunte

Euscorpius

A new species Thaicharmus guptai sp. nov. is described from the northeast Indian state of Tripura. The new species differs from the known members of the genus in the following set of morphological characters: large size (total length 45.6 mm); trichobothrium d2 is distal to i1 on femur; trichobothria est, em and et on the external surface of the patella do not form a straight line. Subaculear tubercle is absent. The movable finger of pedipalp chela has 12 cutting rows of denticles. The movable finger is much longer than the pedipalp patella. Number of pectinal teeth 20/19; pectines …

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Pseudouroctonus Peccatum Tate Et Al., 2013, Rediscovered, Richard F. Ayrey Jan 2016

Pseudouroctonus Peccatum Tate Et Al., 2013, Rediscovered, Richard F. Ayrey

Euscorpius

Shortly after the discovery of Pseudouroctonus peccatum Tate, Riddle, Soleglad et Graham, 2013 (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) there was a large wildfire in the Spring Mountains of Nevada. At the time the species description was published, it was noted that the only known population of this species may have been extirpated by the fire and subsequent flooding of the type locality habitat (Tate et al. 2013). Today it is certain that the species has survived after the collection of 12 new specimens. Additional data on males are also presented.

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Three New Species Of Scorpiops Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae: Scorpiopinae) From Pakistan, František Kovařík, Zubair Ahmed Jan 2016

Three New Species Of Scorpiops Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae: Scorpiopinae) From Pakistan, František Kovařík, Zubair Ahmed

Euscorpius

Three new species of the genus Scorpiops with 17 external trichobothria on the patella and total length of 50–72 mm are described from northern Pakistan and compared with other species of the genus. A key to the species of the genus is provided. In S. pakistanus sp. n. ventral trichobothria on the patella number 9–10, chela manus is wide and short, and pectinal teeth number 6–8. In S. pseudomontanus sp. n. ventral trichobothria on the patella number 14–18, chela manus is narrow and long, and pectinal teeth number 6–9. In S. zubairahmedi sp. n. ventral trichobothria on the patella number …

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Two New Chaerilus From Vietnam (Scorpiones, Chaerilidae), With Observations Of Growth And Maturation Of Chaerilus Granulatus Sp. N. And C. Hofereki Kovařík Et Al., 2014, František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, David Holferek, Martin Forman, Jiří Král Jan 2016

Two New Chaerilus From Vietnam (Scorpiones, Chaerilidae), With Observations Of Growth And Maturation Of Chaerilus Granulatus Sp. N. And C. Hofereki Kovařík Et Al., 2014, František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, David Holferek, Martin Forman, Jiří Král

Euscorpius

Chaerilus granulatus sp. n. and C. longimanus sp. n. from Vietnam are described and compared with other species of the genus. Both species are characterized by: median eyes present; movable finger of pedipalp with 7–9 rows of granules; total length of adults under 30 mm; male differing from female in having pedipalp chela much narrower and longer. The two new species are differentiated by: ventral sides of sternite VII are smooth in C. longimanus sp. n. and granulated in C. granulatus sp. n. Adults of both sexes of C. granulatus sp. n. and C. hofereki Kovařík et al., 2014 were …

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A New Species Of The Enigmatic Genus Chiromachetes Pocock, 1899 (Scorpiones: Hormuridae) From Western Ghats, India, With A Key To The Genus, Zeeshan A. Mirza, Rajesh V. Sanap, Amod M. Zambre Jan 2016

A New Species Of The Enigmatic Genus Chiromachetes Pocock, 1899 (Scorpiones: Hormuridae) From Western Ghats, India, With A Key To The Genus, Zeeshan A. Mirza, Rajesh V. Sanap, Amod M. Zambre

Euscorpius

A new species of hormurid scorpion is described from the Western Ghats of India. Chiromachetes sahyadriensis sp. nov. differs from other members of this genus in the following set of characters: medium sized scorpions, total length reaching 62.9 mm, carapace flat, three pairs of lateral eyes, manus length/width ratio in males 4.6–4.8 and 3.4 in females, tarsi of leg ventrally with three spinoid setae at the base of tarsi. Dentate margin of pedipalp manus finger with two rows of granules fused at base. Pectines 8–9 in males, 6–8 in females. Lamellar hook positioned distinctly in basal half of hemispermatophore in …

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New Analysis Of The Genus Pseudouroctonus With The Description Of Two New Species (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae), Richard F. Ayrey, Michael E. Soleglad Jan 2016

New Analysis Of The Genus Pseudouroctonus With The Description Of Two New Species (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae), Richard F. Ayrey, Michael E. Soleglad

Euscorpius

Two new species of Pseudouroctonus are described from southeastern Arizona, USA, Pseudouroctonus santarita, sp. nov. from the Santa Rita Mountains and P. kremani, sp. nov. from the Santa Catalina Mountains. These new species are closely related to P. apacheanus (Gertsch et Soleglad, 1972). A combination of morphological differences in the hemispermatophore, the mating plug, and several morphometric-based characters are identified as diagnostic. New substructures are identified for the mating plug.

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Four New Scorpion Species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) From Amazonian Peru, František Kovařík, Rolando Teruel, Graeme Lowe, Stefan Friedrich Jan 2016

Four New Scorpion Species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) From Amazonian Peru, František Kovařík, Rolando Teruel, Graeme Lowe, Stefan Friedrich

Euscorpius

We describe four new species of buthid scorpions from a single Amazonian locality in Peru, situated at the pre-Andean piedmont: Ananteris ashaninka sp. n., Tityus dillerorum sp. n. (a member of the “melanostictus” species-group), Tityus panguana sp. n. (a member of the “bolivianus” species-group), and Tityus wachteli sp. n. (a member of the “clathratus” species-group). Additional information is given on their taxonomy, distribution, ecology, and reproductive biology, fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, as well as their habitat.

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Review Of The Genus Gint Kovařík Et Al., 2013, With Description Of Two New Species From Somaliland And Somalia (Puntland) (Scorpiones: Buthidae), František Kovařík, Tomáš Mazuch Jan 2016

Review Of The Genus Gint Kovařík Et Al., 2013, With Description Of Two New Species From Somaliland And Somalia (Puntland) (Scorpiones: Buthidae), František Kovařík, Tomáš Mazuch

Euscorpius

We describe herein two new species, Gint dabakalo sp. n. from Somaliland and G. puntlandus sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Additional information is given on taxonomy and distribution of all four species of genus Gint Kovařík et al., 2013, fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, as well as their habitats. True male of G. calviceps is documented for first time, and validates original decisions to create separate genus Gint, and to transfer Buthacus calviceps Pocock, 1900, to that genus.

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Two New Scorpions From The Puerto Rican Island Of Vieques, Greater Antilles (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Rolando Teruel, Mel J. Rivera, Carlos J. Santos Jan 2016

Two New Scorpions From The Puerto Rican Island Of Vieques, Greater Antilles (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Rolando Teruel, Mel J. Rivera, Carlos J. Santos

Euscorpius

Two new scorpion species of the family Buthidae are described herein: Microtityus vieques sp. n. (a member of the subgenus Parvabsonus Armas, 1974) and Tityus alejandroi sp. n. (belonging to the “quisqueyanus” species-group). Both were collected from pitfall traps in the Puerto Rican satellite island of Vieques, in the Greater Antilles, and the former represents the first official record of the occurrence there of the gens Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966. As expected, the new species have their closest relatives in Puerto Rico. Fully illustrated descriptions and detailed comparisons are provided. Additionally, two other Puerto Rican species of Tityus currently not assigned …

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A New Species Of Euscorpius From Bulgaria And Greece (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae), Gioele Tropea, Victor Fet, Aristeidis Parmakelis, Panayiota Kotsakiozi, Iasmi Stathi Jan 2016

A New Species Of Euscorpius From Bulgaria And Greece (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae), Gioele Tropea, Victor Fet, Aristeidis Parmakelis, Panayiota Kotsakiozi, Iasmi Stathi

Euscorpius

A new scorpion species, Euscorpius popovi sp. nov., is described from southwestern Bulgaria and northeastern Greece based on morphological and molecular evidence analyses.

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Observations On Growth And Maturation Of A Male Alloscorpiops Wongpromi (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae), František Kovařík, Michael E. Soleglad, Graeme Lowe, Jana Plíškova, František Šťáhlavský Jan 2016

Observations On Growth And Maturation Of A Male Alloscorpiops Wongpromi (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae), František Kovařík, Michael E. Soleglad, Graeme Lowe, Jana Plíškova, František Šťáhlavský

Euscorpius

An adult male of Alloscorpiops wongpromi Kovařík et al., 2013 was raised from birth, and its five exuviae (instars 2 through 6) were compared to the resulting adult. This adult was contrasted with the original holotype male specimen, which was determined to be only a subadult after the fifth ecdysis. The hemispermatophore of A. wongpromi is illustrated and described here for the first time. In addition to morphological analysis we also describe the karyotype of Alloscorpiops wongpromi (2n=95). Based on comparative analysis of pectinal tooth counts, it is determined that the holotype of A. troglodytes Lourenço & Pham (2015) represents …

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A New Locality Of Mesobuthus Gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) From Montenegro (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Oskar Wiśniewski, Barbara Olech Jan 2016

A New Locality Of Mesobuthus Gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) From Montenegro (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Oskar Wiśniewski, Barbara Olech

Euscorpius

A new locality close to northwestern boundary of the geographic range is reported for Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832), from Montenegro, Crmnica Region, near Virpazar (42º13' N 19º06' E).

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Occurrence Of A Telson Gland In The Genus Superstitionia Stahnke, 1940 (Scorpiones: Superstitioniidae), Rolando Teruel, Graeme Lowe, Victor Fet, Kelly Anne Daniel Jan 2016

Occurrence Of A Telson Gland In The Genus Superstitionia Stahnke, 1940 (Scorpiones: Superstitioniidae), Rolando Teruel, Graeme Lowe, Victor Fet, Kelly Anne Daniel

Euscorpius

In this note, we record for the first time the occurrence of a telson gland in the monotypic genus Superstitionia Stahnke 1940 (Scorpiones: Superstitioniidae). The putative gland is marked by an elongated patch of wrinkled cuticle restricted to the dorso-apical surface of the telson vesicle of adult males, and is absent from females and immatures. Similar presumed glandular structures have been observed in a number of other scorpions, including many South American Bothriuridae, and the recently defined vaejovid genera Chihuahuanus González-Santillán et Prendini, 2013 and Maaykuyak González-Santillán et Prendini, 2013.

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A Revision Of The Anatolian-Caucasian “Euscorpius Mingrelicus Complex” (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae), Gioele Tropea, Ersen Aydın Yağmur, Victor Fet Jan 2016

A Revision Of The Anatolian-Caucasian “Euscorpius Mingrelicus Complex” (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae), Gioele Tropea, Ersen Aydın Yağmur, Victor Fet

Euscorpius

The taxonomic status of the Anatolian-Caucasian subspecies of Euscorpius mingrelicus (Kessler, 1874) is reconsidered. We restrict E. mingrelicus s.str. to Georgia and Turkey, and elevate to species status three of its subspecies: E. phrygius Bonacina, 1980, stat. n., E. uludagensis Lacroix, 1995, stat. n., and E. ciliciensis Birula, 1898, stat. n. We synonymize E. mingrelicus legrandi Lacroix, 1995 with E. phrygius stat. n., and E. m. ollivieri Lacroix, 1995, with E. mingrelicus.

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