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University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

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Articles 451 - 467 of 467

Full-Text Articles in Poultry or Avian Science

Phase-Feeding Affects Crude Protein Intake, Excretion, And Retention Of Broilers From 21 To 63 Days, Niki Loupe, Trey Pope, Padmakumar Pillai, Jason Emmert Jan 2003

Phase-Feeding Affects Crude Protein Intake, Excretion, And Retention Of Broilers From 21 To 63 Days, Niki Loupe, Trey Pope, Padmakumar Pillai, Jason Emmert

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

An experiment was conducted to assess effects of phase-feeding (PF) on crude protein (CP) intake, excretion, and retention of broilers. Six birds were housed individually and were fed diets formulated using recommendations from National Research Council (NRC) or linear regression equations. Two PF treatments were prepared: standard (PF) and low (PF10), in which predicted lysine, sulfur amino acids, and threonine recommendations were reduced by 10%. For PF and PF10, two diets (high-nutrient and low-nutrient density) were blended in variable quantities to produce rations matching predicted amino acid requirements over two intervals. Birds were fed a single NRC grower and finisher …

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Dna Sequence Of Melanocortin 1-Receptor Gene In Coturnix Japonica: Correlation With Three E Locus Alleles—E,E+, And Erh, Rupali Ugrankar, Kim Cheng, Ronald Okimoto Jan 2003

Dna Sequence Of Melanocortin 1-Receptor Gene In Coturnix Japonica: Correlation With Three E Locus Alleles—E,E+, And Erh, Rupali Ugrankar, Kim Cheng, Ronald Okimoto

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1-R) gene plays a key role in the expression of fur and feather color in mammals and birds by regulating the distribution of two melanin pigments: eumelanin (black/brown) and pheomelanin (red/yellow). MC1-R corresponds to the classical Extension (E) locus in mice, pigs, dogs, horses, and chickens. Three E locus alleles, the wild-type (e+), brown (E), and redhead (erh) have been identified in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). To determine if the quail E locus phenotypes were due to variation in the MC1-R gene, the coding region of the MC1-R gene was PCR amplified and DNA sequenced using genomic …

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Organophosphate Toxicosis In Chickens: A Case Report, Robert Hubbard, Judith England, E. Dustan Clark Jan 2002

Organophosphate Toxicosis In Chickens: A Case Report, Robert Hubbard, Judith England, E. Dustan Clark

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Two cases of organophosphate toxicity were diagnosed at the University of Arkansas Poultry Science Department poultry research farm in the Spring of 2002. In both cases the birds were being treated with the organophosphate RaVap® for Northern Fowl Mites (Ornithonyssus sylvarium) infestations. A total of 61 birds died and 13 were treated successfully with atropine sulphate.

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Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements Of Broilers From Two To Five Weeks Of Age, Jill A. Townsend, H. R. (Trey) Pope, Jason L. Emmert Jan 2001

Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements Of Broilers From Two To Five Weeks Of Age, Jill A. Townsend, H. R. (Trey) Pope, Jason L. Emmert

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Phase-feeding (PF) in broiler chickens has been researched as a way to reduce feed costs without reducing growth performance and yield. Predicted amino acid requirements for PF are generated using linear regression equations derived from best estimates of lysine (Lys), sulfur amino acid (SAA), and threonine (Thr) requirements. During the late starter and early grower periods, predicted requirements for the SAA methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) are higher than levels recommended by the National Research Council (NRC), and previous research suggests that SAA may be lowered during the grower period without sacrificing growth performance or yield. The objective of this …

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Development Of The Interactive Broiler Income Spreadsheet, Tara Shofner, H. L. Goodwin Jr. Jan 2001

Development Of The Interactive Broiler Income Spreadsheet, Tara Shofner, H. L. Goodwin Jr.

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The poultry industry has experienced unprecedented increased efficiencies since 1960 in large part due to vertical integration facilitated by production contracts between growers and integrators. As growers seek information about contract production they need to be well informed about all aspects of the process, especially potential income. Recent poultry grower complaints have surfaced as a result of incorrect expense and revenue expectations. The Interactive Broiler Income Spreadsheet (IBIS) is being developed to enable current and prospective poultry producers to better estimate income. IBIS, an unbiased Excel™ spreadsheet tool to assist in decision making regarding broiler production profitability, uses actual grower …

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Vasotocin Receptor Expression In The Brain And Pituitary Gland During The Ovulatory Cycle Of The Fowl, Kelly Shaffer, Jorge A. Vizcarra, John Kirby Jan 2001

Vasotocin Receptor Expression In The Brain And Pituitary Gland During The Ovulatory Cycle Of The Fowl, Kelly Shaffer, Jorge A. Vizcarra, John Kirby

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Vasotocin receptors are members of seven transmembrane spanning G-protein associated receptors. Several isoforms have been recognized in mammals and birds. It has been shown that VT-1 expression occurs primarily in the brain while VT-2 expression occurs mainly in the pituitary. There is no current evidence to support that both VTR-1 and -2 are found in a single tissue. Our goal in this experiment was to see if VT-1 and VT-2 receptor mRNA expression varied in known sites of expression over the period of the ovulatory cycle of broiler breeder hens. In order to study potential changes in VT-1 and VT-2 …

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Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Response And Macrophage Function During Eimeria Adenoeides Infection In Turkey Poults, Amanda D. Drake, Sarah E. Heuer, Timothy G. Kimball, Timothy O. Peters, H. David Chapman, Gisela F. Erf Jan 2001

Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Response And Macrophage Function During Eimeria Adenoeides Infection In Turkey Poults, Amanda D. Drake, Sarah E. Heuer, Timothy G. Kimball, Timothy O. Peters, H. David Chapman, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Intestinal coccidiosis, caused by various species of Eimeria, is an economically important disease of chickens and turkeys. The peripheral blood leukocyte response and macrophage functions during a coccidial infection in turkeys have not been defined. To examine these aspects of innate immunity during primary Eimeria infection in turkeys, 4-week-old poults were orally inoculated with either 50,000 E. adenoeides oocyst (24 infected poults) or water (24 control poults). To monitor the concentrations and proportions of white blood cells (WBC) throughout the course of infection, heparinized blood was collected from 12 infected and 12 control poults prior to inoculation (day 0), and …

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Lymphocyte Profiles In Blood And Tumors Of Arkansas Rous Sarcoma Regressor And Progressor Chickens, Brant Ward Jan 2000

Lymphocyte Profiles In Blood And Tumors Of Arkansas Rous Sarcoma Regressor And Progressor Chickens, Brant Ward

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

The Arkansas Rous Sarcoma Regressor (AR) and Progressor (AP) lines of chickens represent an excellent model to study immune responses to tumors. Both lines of chickens initially develop tumors when injected with Rous sarcoma viros (RSV) or with DNA coding for the RSV oncogene v-src (v-src DNA). AR chickens will eventually regress the tumors whereas AP chickens will allow the tumors to progress to a terminal stage. By using both v-src DNA and RSV for tumor induction, we were able to compare the immune response to tumor antigens alone and tumor antigens in combination with viral components, respectively. To study …

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Melanocortin-1-Receptor (Mcr-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated With The Chicken E Locus Alleles, Andrew Ellett Jan 2000

Melanocortin-1-Receptor (Mcr-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated With The Chicken E Locus Alleles, Andrew Ellett

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

The melanocortin 1-receptor (MCl-R) gene has been associated with E locus phenotypes in chickens. Variant alleles of the E locus are important for accurate down color sexing and also for the inhibition of unwanted tissue pigmentation in broilers. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) based tests for various replacement substitutions found in the published E allele sequences gave unexpected results when tested against known alleles of the E locus. To resolve these issues and gain a better understanding of how replacement substitutions in the MCl-R gene are affecting E locus phenotypes, a number of accessions of the e+, eb, wheaten ( ewh …

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Growth And Performance Of Broiler Chicks During The Starter And Grower Phases In Phase-Feeding, L. Niki Loupe, Jason L. Emmert Jan 2000

Growth And Performance Of Broiler Chicks During The Starter And Grower Phases In Phase-Feeding, L. Niki Loupe, Jason L. Emmert

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a nutrition program referred to as “phase-feeding” (PF) over the first 6 weeks posthatching. Diets were formulated using amino acid recommendations from the National Research Council (NRC) (1994) or from linear regression equations generated from best estimates of lysine (Lys), sulfur amino acid (SAA), and threonine (Thr) requirements. Regression equations were used to predict weekly Lys, SAA, and Thr requirements for use in a PF regimen that involved lowering amino acid levels following each respective week of the experiment, resulting in six diets fed over the 6-week period. Over the entire …

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Reproductive Behavior Of The Emu, Reema A. Persad, Douglas James, Nicholas B. Anthony Jan 2000

Reproductive Behavior Of The Emu, Reema A. Persad, Douglas James, Nicholas B. Anthony

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Members of a flock of male and female emus were observed in an ethological experiment designed to investigate trends in reproductive behavior exhibited during the North American mating season, which lasts from October to mid-March. Observations were made at dawn, noon, and dusk from December 1999 to mid-March 2000, and the only behaviors that were consistently expressed during these times were pecking, strutting, exclusive, and male and female sexual activities (defined in text). Though statistical significance was found between male strutting behavior and female sexual activity in the December observation period, no overall significance or significance at other observation periods …

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Feasibility Of Inducing Overlap Immunologic Competence In Gallinaceous Birds With Ascardia Dissimilis And A. Galli, Julie Hamilton, Thomas A. Yazwinski Jan 2000

Feasibility Of Inducing Overlap Immunologic Competence In Gallinaceous Birds With Ascardia Dissimilis And A. Galli, Julie Hamilton, Thomas A. Yazwinski

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Chickens and turkeys are routinely infected with the roundworms Ascaridia galli and A. dissimilis, respectively. The current study was conducted to gather basic information on these worms and to determine whether heterologous infections (chicken worms in turkeys and turkey worms in chickens) would be successful. Chickens and turkeys were obtained at day of hatch, brooded to 7 days of age, and placed in pens (25/pen) according to infection as received at 7 days of age: homologous, heterologous and control (no infection). Bird weights, mortalities, and feed efficiencies were monitored for 3 weeks postinfection, at which time all birds were killed …

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Livability Of Leghorn Balut Embryos Stored Under Varying Temperatures And Storage Times, Joyce Jong, F. Dustan Clark Jan 2000

Livability Of Leghorn Balut Embryos Stored Under Varying Temperatures And Storage Times, Joyce Jong, F. Dustan Clark

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Baluts are fertile chicken or duck eggs that have been incubated and removed from the incubator prior to hatching for consumption. Chicken eggs are incubated for 11 to 14 days and duck eggs are incubated for 16 to 20 days. Baluts have an extremely specialized consumer market, with the majority of its consumers of Filipino decent. Current U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations for the storage of baluts prior to sale is 7.2ºC, the same as for infertile commercial table eggs. Consumer preference is to purchase live baluts for consumption. Since exposure to 7.2ºC causes embryo mortality within 8 hours of …

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Hematozoa Of Common Grackles (Quiscalus Quiscula Versicolor, Vieillot) In Central Arkansas, Arthur A. Johnson Jan 1990

Hematozoa Of Common Grackles (Quiscalus Quiscula Versicolor, Vieillot) In Central Arkansas, Arthur A. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During the years 1977-84, 118 bronzed grackles, Quiscalus quiscula versicolor, Vieillot, of 132 examined were found infected with hematozoa. The eight species of symbionts collected from the infected birds included two microfilarial species (Chandlerella quiscali and Eufilaria hibleri), five apicomplexans (Haemoproteus quiscali, Leucocytozoon fringillinarum, Plasmodium matutinum, P. vaughani, P. sp.) and a flagellate (Trypanosoma ontarioensis). P. matutinum and T. ontarioensis represent new host records and all the protozoans represent new locality records. Comparisons are made of symbiont prevalance and diversity as this relates to seasons of the year, sex and age of the host. Comparisons are also made with previous …

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A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain Of The Chick (Gallus Domesticus), Wayne J. Kuenzel, Manju Masson Jan 1988

A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain Of The Chick (Gallus Domesticus), Wayne J. Kuenzel, Manju Masson

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Nine brains taken from chicks two weeks of age were used for the development of this atlas. Each chick was first anesthetized with an intravenous (IV) injection of Chloropent2 (1.8 ml/kg). Chicks were then perfused via the heart with 90 ml physiological saline followed by 90 ml Heidenhain's3 solution. Each head was then positioned in a stereotaxic instrument as described in the previous section and three stainless steel (SS) insect pins (#2) were implanted in each brain at known coordinates. In the case of the brains used to construct the cross- sectional atlas plates, two pins were implanted horizontal to …

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Modifications And Improvements In The Formax Method Of Preparing Small Avian Study Specimens, Martin A. Floyd, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1979

Modifications And Improvements In The Formax Method Of Preparing Small Avian Study Specimens, Martin A. Floyd, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Bioclimatic Chambers For Poultry Research: Design And Preliminary Results Of Testing, T.R.C Rokeby, G. S. Nelson, G. C. Harris Jr. Jan 1972

Bioclimatic Chambers For Poultry Research: Design And Preliminary Results Of Testing, T.R.C Rokeby, G. S. Nelson, G. C. Harris Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The 12 new environmental chambers for poultry research recently completed at the University of Arkansas feature solid state electronic systems to control dry bulb temperature and dew point of the chamber air. Dry bulb temperature is controlled by reheating previously cooled and dehumidified air by an electric heater installed in each supply air duct. Solid state controls proportion the flow of electricity to the heater to match the demand. The system is arranged to maintain constant temperature on a diurnal temperature cycle. A solid state time-proportioning control maintains a preselected dew point in each chamber. The control operates a solenoid …

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