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The Experimental Histopathology Of The "Tumor" On The Brain Of The Stickleback Caused By Diplostomum Baeri Eucaliae Hoffman And Hundley, 1957 (Trematoda: Strigeoidea)), Glenn L. Hoffman, James B. Hoyme

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The structure of the "tumor" on the brain of the stickleback fish, Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland) caused by Diplostomum baeri eucaliae, has been briefly reported (Hoffman and Hoyme, 1957; Hoffman and Hundley, 1957) and consists of an outgrowth of the columnar epithelium of the choroid plexus which surrounds the metacercariae at the postero-lateral aspect of the optic lobes. The present report deals with the experimental development of the "tumor."
No record of a comparable structure in fish could be found and the reader is referred to our earlier paper (Hoffman and Hundley, 1957) for further introduction, and materials and methods.

Studies On The Life-Cycle Of Ornithodiplostomum Ptychocheilus (Faust) (Trematoda: Strigeoieda) And The "Self Cure" Of Infected Fish*, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

During the summer of 1956 the following fish of Turtle River (Arvilla), North Dakota were found infected with the Neascus metacercaria of Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus (Faust): Northern common shiner (Notropis cornutus frontalis), bigmouth shiner (Notropis d. dorsalis), creek chub (Semotilus a. atromaculatus), fathead (Pimephales p. promelas), and johnny darter (Boleosoma n. nigrum). The cysts were usually very numerous (up to 400 per fish) in the mesenteries of the chub and common shiner; they were also very numerous in the cranial cavity and in the fat bodies behind the eyes of the …

The Life-Cycle Of Diplostomum Baeri Eucaliae N. Subsp. (Trematoda: Strigeida)*, Glenn L. Hoffman, James B. Hundley

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

During the summers of 1953, 1954, and 1955, many brook stickleback, Eucalia inconstans, from the English Coulee, a small stream in Grand Forks, were found infected with an unrecorded species of diplostomulum metacercaria; its life cycle has been reported in abstract (Hoffman, 1955). In 1953, 51 (82%) of the 62 sticklebacks examined were infected, but in 1955 a much smaller number was infected; no exact records were kept in 1954 and 1955. The number of diplostomula per fish ranged from 0 to 335. During the summer of 1956 lightly infected stickleback were also found in Turtle River, Kelly's Slough, …

Gyrodactylus Eucaliae N. Sp. (Trematoda: Monogenea) From The Brook Stickleback, Eucalia Inconstans*, Glenn L. Hoffman, Francis M. Ikezaki

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

A new species of Gyrodactylus was observed on the skin, gills, and fins of the brook stickleback from the English Coulee, Grand Forks, North Dakota during the summers of 1953-1955. Host-specificity is usually striking in the monogenetic trematodes and since this parasite was not observed on any other species of fish from this body of water or the nearby Turtle River, it was studied in detail and is here described as a new species, G. eucaliae.

Migratory Bird Regulations 1956-57

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Migratory birds, which move across State and National borders, are recognized as an international resource requiring conservation on a continental basis. Protection of migratory birds on the North American Continent is provided for by conventions between the United States and Great Britain (for Canada), concluded August 16, 1916 (39 Stat. 1702), and between the United States and the United Mexican States, concluded February 7, 1936 (50 Stat. 1311). Protection in the United States is provided by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of July 3,1918, as amended (40 Stat. 755; 16 U. S. C. 703).

Birds protected by the Migratory Bird …

Summary Report Of The 1956 Midwinter Waterfowl Survey In The Central Flyway, C. S. Williams

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This report summarizes the information obtained by the 1956 midwinter waterfowl survey on the size and distribution of waterfowl populations wintering in the Central Flyway States and Eastern Mexico. The information has been compiled solely for the use of administrators and waterfowl research men who are engaged in the management of the waterfowl resource.

The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the ten States of the Central Flyway Council, and the Forestry and Wildlife Department of Mexico cooperated in conducting the survey which began on January 9, and for the most was completed within several days thereafter. Thus, with the …

The Life Cycle Of Crassiphiala Bulboglossa (Trematoda: Strgeida): Development Of The Metacercaria And Cyst, And Effect On The Fish Hosts, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The adult of Crassiphiala bulboglossa was described by Van Haitsma (1925) from the kingfisher, Ceryle alcycon. It can be differentiated from Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927), apparently its closest relative in North America, by the presence of a large bulbous holdfast occupying most of a cup-shaped forebody, and the absence of a ventral sucker. In U. ambloplitis the holdfast is small, the forebody is not cupped, and a ventral sucker is present. These species can be readily identified with the keys given by Dubois (1953).

Research Notes: Notes On The Life Cycle Of Fibricola Cratera (Trematoda: Strigeida), Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The life cycle of Fibricola cratera (Barker and Noll, 1915) Dubois, 1932 was reported in 1940 (Cuckler, A. C., Journal of Parasitology 26 (6-Suppl.): 32-33). The writer repeated the life cycle at the University of Iowa in 1948-49 and wishes to add a few observations. Apparently the life cycle of Fibricola texensis Chandler, 1942 (Chandler, A. C., Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 61: 156-167, 1942) is very nearly identical to that of F. cratera. The genus has been reviewed by C. P. Read (Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 67: 165-168, 1948).

Neascus Nolfi N. Sp. (Trematoda: Strigeida) From Cyprinid Minnows With Notes On The Artificial Digest Recovery Of Helminths, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

During an examination of fish from Turtle River, Arvilta, North Dakota, a new Neascus (larval strigeid) was recovered from the musculature and integument of the northern creek chub, Semotilus a. atromaculatus (Mitchell) and the northern common shiner, Notropis cornutus frontalis (Agassiz). This new species is named in honor of Dr. L. O. NoIf, University of Iowa.

Polyvinyl Alcohol-Fixative-Adhesive For Small Helminths And Protozoa, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Following the method of Brooke and Goldman (1949), the author was able to fix, mount and stain small helminths and parasitic protozoa of fish in polyvinyl alcohol-fixative smears. However, because there was much granular material in the PVA-Schaudin's mixture, AFA fixative was substituted for the Schaudin's. The PVA went into solution readily using this fixative. The solution was accomplished by adding 5 grams Elvanol #71-30¹ to 62 ml. of water, heating to 950 C. until dissolved and adding 5 ml. of acetic acid, 1-1/2 ml. of glycerine, 10 ml. of formaldehyde, and 30 ml. of 95 percent alcohol.

The Occurrence Of Ornithodiplostomum Ptychocheilus (Faust) (Trematoda: Strigeida) In Fish And Birds, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The metacercaria of Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilush as been reported by Faust (1918; Illinois Biological Monographs 4(1): 1-120) from mesenteries of the squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Richardson), and by Hughes and Piszcek (1928; Journal of Parasitology 15: 58-62) and Van Haitsma (1930; Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 49: 140-153) in the northeastern sand shiner, Notropis deliciosus stramineus (Cope). Van Haitsma (1930) found the adults in mergansers, Mergus americanus, M. serrator, Lophodytes cucullatus, and the old squaw duck, Harelda hyemalis. He also reared the metacercaria to the adult in young domestic ducks. Lyster (1940; Canadian Journal of Research 18D: 79-82) reported …

Mourning Dove Newsletter, Issue No. 7

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This issue contains a summary of Mourning Dove populations data for assistance to the states and the Fish and Wildlife Service in preparing dove hunting regulations. It will also be of interest to all persons working on this important migratory game bird, whether in state game departments, institutions of learning, or individuals.

The previous issue was number 6, June 30, 1952. Since that date many of the southeastern dove projects have either been terminated or modified, so that information has not been gathered as extensively on populations during the past year as formerly. Consequently the major data available at this …

Visiting National Wildlife Refuges, Douglas Mckay, John L. Farley

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

If you travel in the wilder sections of our country, sooner or later you are likely to meet the sign of the flying goose-the emblem of the National Wildlife Refuges.

You may meet it by the side of a road crossing miles of flat prairie in the Middle West, or in the hot deserts of the Southwest. You may meet it by some mountain lake, or as you push your boat through the winding salty creeks of a coastal marsh.

Wherever you meet this sign, respect it. It means that the land behind the sign has been dedicated by the …

Avian Botulism Information On Earlier Research

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Over the years, the disease, avian botulism, has been an important factor limiting populations of waterfowl, particularly in the West. Great numbers (doubtless millions) of ducks have died from this disease, and because of such heavy tolls, studies of the malady were begun early in the century and continued intermittently to the present time.

This summary brings up to 1950 the series of investigations on botulism by Wetmore (1918), Kalmbach (1930, 1932), Kalmbach and Gunderson (1934), Sperry (1947), and others. This information has been compiled as a service to those concerned with conservation of our waterfowl resources. A cooperative agreement …

Streptomyces Leidnematis N. Sp., Growing On Two Species Of Nematodes Of The Cockroach, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In 1948 Mr. J. R. Wennemark called the writer's attention to a filamentous growth extending from the cuticle of Leidynema appendiculata and Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, oxyurid nematodes found in the intestine of the American roach, Periplaneta americana, which was collected in Iowa City, Iowa. Because of the extreme filamentous accumulation it was thought to be the mycelium of a fungus. Further observation on material from roaches reared in Grand Forks, North Dakota, and Detroit, Michigan, showed that the organism was not fungus but a member of the Actinomycetaceae. Slides were sent to Profs. R. S. Breed and H. J. …

Scaphanocephalus Expansus (Crepl.), A Trematode Of The Osprey, In North America [Research Notes], Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Examination of an osprey, Pandion haliaetus carolinensis furnished by Mr. Melvin Hoffman, Strawberry Point, Iowa, May, 1948, revealed about 30 trematodes which proved to be Scaphanocephalus expanses (Crepl.). This species which was redescribed in detail by Jagerskiold, (1904; Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedetion to Egypt and White Nile 1901 pt. 1) has a very large "expanded" flap-like anterior end and, to my knowledge, resembles no other trematode in that respect. The specimens have been deposited in the United States Nattional Museum Helminth Collection as No. 46437. Mr. Allen McIntosh (personal communication) has informed me that S. expanses has …

Furunculosis Of Fish, Bruce M. Mccraw

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The series embodies results of investigations, usually of restricted scope, intended to aid or direct management or utilization practices and as guides for administrative or legislative action. It is issued in limited quantities for the official use of Federal, state or cooperating Agencies and in processed form for economy and to avoid delay in publication.

Bear River: A National Wildlife Refuge, Vanez T. Wilson, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In the autumn of 1824 a buffalo-hide canoe drifted down the Bear River to its mouth in the Great Salt Lake of Utah. Within sight of that vast inland sea, Jim Bridger must have paused in amazement. Everywhere he looked-in the sky, on the open water, over the marshy borders of the lake-there were birds. It is said that the famous explorer of the western wilderness brought back reports that he had that day seen "millions of ducks and geese."

The Bear River marshes were soon to know years when their waterfowl were numbered, not by millions, but by thousands; …

Mima Mounds: A Reply, Victor B. Scheffer

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Major Grant believes that gophers behave in one way, and we believe that they behave in another-or we admit that we do not know exactly how they behave. I have plainly stated (1947, PP. 293, 294) that our evidence is indirect; that we have not seen gophers building a giant mound; that we do not know whether mound building is a contemporary or a historic process; and that we do not know whether the stimulus for mound building is a hardpan or a high water table or both.

Our main contentions are that mounds of the Mima type occur only …

Mattamuskeet: A National Wildlife Refuge, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Mattamuskeet, Pea Island, and Swanquarter-- two on the mainland and one on the outermost barrier beach--are three National Wildlife Refuges in North Carolina that provide winter food and shelter for more than 100,000 waterfowl. Ducks, geese, and swans that in summer scatter across the northern rim of the world from Greenland to Alaska come down the sky lanes in the fall and in these refuges find the conditions they need to survive the hard months of winter.

At Mattamuskeet you can see one of the largest assemblages of Canada geese on the Atlantic seaboard and more of that giant white …

Chincoteague: A National Wildlife Refuge, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The national wildlife refuge at Chincoteague, Virginia, is one of the newest in a chain of sanctuaries placed along the flight lanes of the waterfowl. Coming down from the north the principal links of the chain are Parker River, Montezuma, Susquehanna, Brigantine, and Bombay Hook. Then from Chincoteague the links run south, through Back Bay and Pea Island, Mattamuskeet and Cape Romain. Chincoteague, like other waterfowl refuges, is needed because birds migrate, and because in so doing they expose themselves to great dangers.

The migration of birds is one of the ancient spectacles of earth, and one of the most …

Parker River: A National Wildlife Refuge, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The Parker River National Wildlife Refuge is New England's most important contribution to the national effort to save the waterfowl of North America. Many million Americans have a direct stake in the success of this effort: the 2,000,00o waterfowl hunters, the millions who find recreation and esthetic pleasure in observing and photographing the birds, and all those, whom there is no way of counting, who understand the value of preserving wildlife as part of America's natural heritage.

During the several generations in which the United States has been converted from a land preeminently wild and unsettled into an industrial and …

Fish And Shellfish Of The Middle Atlantic Coast, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Contents: Economics • Fishing gear • Fishing grounds • Conservation • Oysters (Ostrea virginica) • Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) • Croaker (Micropogon undulatus) • Porgy (Stenotomus chrysops) • Striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) • Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) • Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) • Shad (Alosa sapidissima) • Butterfish (Poronotus triacanthus) • Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) • Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) • Menhaden (Brevoortia spp) • River herring (Pornolobus spp) • Sea bass (Centropristes striatus) • …

Fish And Shellfish Of The South Atlantic And Gulf Coasts, Rachel L. Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Contents
Introduction
The fisheries
The fishing grounds: The South Atlantic coast • The Gulf coast
Boats, men, and fishing gear
Marketing the catch
Biographies of the fish and shellfish of the region: Mullet • Spanish mackerel • Kingfish • Bluefish • Red snapper • Groupers • Sea trouts • Redfish • Black drum • Shrimp • The oyster • The blue crab • Other fish and shellfish • Menhaden • Shad • Pompano • Snook • Grunts • Sheepshead • Blue runner • Crevalle • Flounders • Sharks • Spiny lobster • Hard-shell clam • Bay scallop
Appendix
The nutritive …

Fishes Of The Middle West, Rachel L. Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The waters of the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes are a potential source of several hundred million pounds of food in the form of tasty lake and river fishes. This rich resource of the inland waters is important to a nation at war. Because of the growing meat shortage, people will eat more fish than in pre-war years. In the interior of the country, people will eat more fresh-water fish than before, because fish are good and nutritious and because, in the coming months, the shipments of rosefish, halibut, shrimp, and other seafoods that come to them from the …

Food From The Sea: Fish And Shellfish Of New England, Rachel L. Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Millions of Americans are developing new wartime food habits, trying foods they once neglected, turning to alternates for long familiar products. For everyone of the ten fish or shellfish that make up mere than four-fifths of New England's catch there are seven species little known or utilized, many of which could provide tasty and nutritious foods. Turning to these under-utilized species will conserve food resources by lifting the burden of over-exploitation from such fishes as cod and haddock and will augment dwindling supplies of protein foods. Exploring the seafood markets for unfamiliar species rewards the housewife and her family with …

Wildlife Of The Atlantic Coast Salt Marshes, W. L. Mcatee

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast have been formed under the opposed tendencies of sinking of the land and of its upbuilding by silt and sand. The plants that form the marshes occupy zones largely determined by the degree of inundation by tides. Eelgrass entirely submerged, smooth cordgrass regularly washed by the tide, and marsh hay covered only by exceptionally high water are characteristic plants. Each zone is the home or feeding area of certain kinds of wildlife. The appearance, distribution, and habits of the more common species are described, and general wildlife conservation is urged. This circular, which is …

Common Birds Of Southeastern United States In Relation To Agriculture, F. E. L. Beal, W. L. Mcatee, E. R. Kalmbach

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

From a purely practical point of view the most important of the relations of native birds to man are the economic. The esthetic value of birds is great, greater indeed than that of any other group of animals; and that this is a real and especially a treasured value is not to be denied. But it is in their relation to insect and other enemies of crops that birds are most directly associated with the welfare of mankind, and their value in this particular should be made as widely known as possible. This bulletin is one of a series designed …

Birdbanding, Frederick C. Lincoln

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Birdbanding, by means of numbered bands, provides a method of studying living birds of all kinds. Scientific banding dates back to 1899, when a Danish schoolmaster, H. Chr. C. Mortensen, commenced systematically to band storks, teals, starlings, and two or three species of birds of prey. His success at once attracted the attention of European ornithologists, and it was not long before the birdbanding work came into prominence. At the present time banding is being actively conducted in North America as well as in England, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Russia, Iceland, Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Hungary, Bulgaria, India, Morocco, …