Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons^™

Migratory Bird Regulations 1956-57

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Migratory birds, which move across State and National borders, are recognized as an international resource requiring conservation on a continental basis. Protection of migratory birds on the North American Continent is provided for by conventions between the United States and Great Britain (for Canada), concluded August 16, 1916 (39 Stat. 1702), and between the United States and the United Mexican States, concluded February 7, 1936 (50 Stat. 1311). Protection in the United States is provided by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of July 3,1918, as amended (40 Stat. 755; 16 U. S. C. 703).

Birds protected by the Migratory Bird …

Summary Report Of The 1956 Midwinter Waterfowl Survey In The Central Flyway, C. S. Williams

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This report summarizes the information obtained by the 1956 midwinter waterfowl survey on the size and distribution of waterfowl populations wintering in the Central Flyway States and Eastern Mexico. The information has been compiled solely for the use of administrators and waterfowl research men who are engaged in the management of the waterfowl resource.

The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the ten States of the Central Flyway Council, and the Forestry and Wildlife Department of Mexico cooperated in conducting the survey which began on January 9, and for the most was completed within several days thereafter. Thus, with the …

The Life Cycle Of Crassiphiala Bulboglossa (Trematoda: Strgeida): Development Of The Metacercaria And Cyst, And Effect On The Fish Hosts, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The adult of Crassiphiala bulboglossa was described by Van Haitsma (1925) from the kingfisher, Ceryle alcycon. It can be differentiated from Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927), apparently its closest relative in North America, by the presence of a large bulbous holdfast occupying most of a cup-shaped forebody, and the absence of a ventral sucker. In U. ambloplitis the holdfast is small, the forebody is not cupped, and a ventral sucker is present. These species can be readily identified with the keys given by Dubois (1953).

Research Notes: Notes On The Life Cycle Of Fibricola Cratera (Trematoda: Strigeida), Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The life cycle of Fibricola cratera (Barker and Noll, 1915) Dubois, 1932 was reported in 1940 (Cuckler, A. C., Journal of Parasitology 26 (6-Suppl.): 32-33). The writer repeated the life cycle at the University of Iowa in 1948-49 and wishes to add a few observations. Apparently the life cycle of Fibricola texensis Chandler, 1942 (Chandler, A. C., Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 61: 156-167, 1942) is very nearly identical to that of F. cratera. The genus has been reviewed by C. P. Read (Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 67: 165-168, 1948).

Neascus Nolfi N. Sp. (Trematoda: Strigeida) From Cyprinid Minnows With Notes On The Artificial Digest Recovery Of Helminths, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

During an examination of fish from Turtle River, Arvilta, North Dakota, a new Neascus (larval strigeid) was recovered from the musculature and integument of the northern creek chub, Semotilus a. atromaculatus (Mitchell) and the northern common shiner, Notropis cornutus frontalis (Agassiz). This new species is named in honor of Dr. L. O. NoIf, University of Iowa.

Polyvinyl Alcohol-Fixative-Adhesive For Small Helminths And Protozoa, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Following the method of Brooke and Goldman (1949), the author was able to fix, mount and stain small helminths and parasitic protozoa of fish in polyvinyl alcohol-fixative smears. However, because there was much granular material in the PVA-Schaudin's mixture, AFA fixative was substituted for the Schaudin's. The PVA went into solution readily using this fixative. The solution was accomplished by adding 5 grams Elvanol #71-30¹ to 62 ml. of water, heating to 950 C. until dissolved and adding 5 ml. of acetic acid, 1-1/2 ml. of glycerine, 10 ml. of formaldehyde, and 30 ml. of 95 percent alcohol.

The Occurrence Of Ornithodiplostomum Ptychocheilus (Faust) (Trematoda: Strigeida) In Fish And Birds, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The metacercaria of Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilush as been reported by Faust (1918; Illinois Biological Monographs 4(1): 1-120) from mesenteries of the squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Richardson), and by Hughes and Piszcek (1928; Journal of Parasitology 15: 58-62) and Van Haitsma (1930; Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 49: 140-153) in the northeastern sand shiner, Notropis deliciosus stramineus (Cope). Van Haitsma (1930) found the adults in mergansers, Mergus americanus, M. serrator, Lophodytes cucullatus, and the old squaw duck, Harelda hyemalis. He also reared the metacercaria to the adult in young domestic ducks. Lyster (1940; Canadian Journal of Research 18D: 79-82) reported …

Mourning Dove Newsletter, Issue No. 7

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This issue contains a summary of Mourning Dove populations data for assistance to the states and the Fish and Wildlife Service in preparing dove hunting regulations. It will also be of interest to all persons working on this important migratory game bird, whether in state game departments, institutions of learning, or individuals.

The previous issue was number 6, June 30, 1952. Since that date many of the southeastern dove projects have either been terminated or modified, so that information has not been gathered as extensively on populations during the past year as formerly. Consequently the major data available at this …

Visiting National Wildlife Refuges, Douglas Mckay, John L. Farley

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

If you travel in the wilder sections of our country, sooner or later you are likely to meet the sign of the flying goose-the emblem of the National Wildlife Refuges.

You may meet it by the side of a road crossing miles of flat prairie in the Middle West, or in the hot deserts of the Southwest. You may meet it by some mountain lake, or as you push your boat through the winding salty creeks of a coastal marsh.

Wherever you meet this sign, respect it. It means that the land behind the sign has been dedicated by the …

Avian Botulism Information On Earlier Research

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Over the years, the disease, avian botulism, has been an important factor limiting populations of waterfowl, particularly in the West. Great numbers (doubtless millions) of ducks have died from this disease, and because of such heavy tolls, studies of the malady were begun early in the century and continued intermittently to the present time.

This summary brings up to 1950 the series of investigations on botulism by Wetmore (1918), Kalmbach (1930, 1932), Kalmbach and Gunderson (1934), Sperry (1947), and others. This information has been compiled as a service to those concerned with conservation of our waterfowl resources. A cooperative agreement …

Streptomyces Leidnematis N. Sp., Growing On Two Species Of Nematodes Of The Cockroach, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In 1948 Mr. J. R. Wennemark called the writer's attention to a filamentous growth extending from the cuticle of Leidynema appendiculata and Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, oxyurid nematodes found in the intestine of the American roach, Periplaneta americana, which was collected in Iowa City, Iowa. Because of the extreme filamentous accumulation it was thought to be the mycelium of a fungus. Further observation on material from roaches reared in Grand Forks, North Dakota, and Detroit, Michigan, showed that the organism was not fungus but a member of the Actinomycetaceae. Slides were sent to Profs. R. S. Breed and H. J. …

Scaphanocephalus Expansus (Crepl.), A Trematode Of The Osprey, In North America [Research Notes], Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Examination of an osprey, Pandion haliaetus carolinensis furnished by Mr. Melvin Hoffman, Strawberry Point, Iowa, May, 1948, revealed about 30 trematodes which proved to be Scaphanocephalus expanses (Crepl.). This species which was redescribed in detail by Jagerskiold, (1904; Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedetion to Egypt and White Nile 1901 pt. 1) has a very large "expanded" flap-like anterior end and, to my knowledge, resembles no other trematode in that respect. The specimens have been deposited in the United States Nattional Museum Helminth Collection as No. 46437. Mr. Allen McIntosh (personal communication) has informed me that S. expanses has …

Furunculosis Of Fish, Bruce M. Mccraw

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The series embodies results of investigations, usually of restricted scope, intended to aid or direct management or utilization practices and as guides for administrative or legislative action. It is issued in limited quantities for the official use of Federal, state or cooperating Agencies and in processed form for economy and to avoid delay in publication.

Bear River: A National Wildlife Refuge, Vanez T. Wilson, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In the autumn of 1824 a buffalo-hide canoe drifted down the Bear River to its mouth in the Great Salt Lake of Utah. Within sight of that vast inland sea, Jim Bridger must have paused in amazement. Everywhere he looked-in the sky, on the open water, over the marshy borders of the lake-there were birds. It is said that the famous explorer of the western wilderness brought back reports that he had that day seen "millions of ducks and geese."

The Bear River marshes were soon to know years when their waterfowl were numbered, not by millions, but by thousands; …

An Additional Trematode From Tortugas, Florida, And A New Name For Opisthoporus Manter, 1947, Preoccupied, Harold W. Manter

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Professor José M. Ruiz of Sao Paulo, Brazil, has kindly called my attention to the fact that the generic name Opisthoporus Manter, 1947 had been used several times previously, a condition which I had indeed checked but thoughtlessly forgot. For Opisthoporus Manter, 1947 (nec Opisthoporus Benson, 1851; Opisthoporus Minot, 1877; Opisthoporus Fukui, 1929), the name Postporus is proposed. The two species become Postporus epinepheli (Manter, 1947) and Postporus mycteropercae (Manter, 1947).

The combination Pleurogonus candidulus (Linton, 1910) (misspelled "candibulus" in my paper) had been made in 1946 by Ruiz (1946: 295) where, however, it was first printed " …

Mima Mounds: A Reply, Victor B. Scheffer

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Major Grant believes that gophers behave in one way, and we believe that they behave in another-or we admit that we do not know exactly how they behave. I have plainly stated (1947, PP. 293, 294) that our evidence is indirect; that we have not seen gophers building a giant mound; that we do not know whether mound building is a contemporary or a historic process; and that we do not know whether the stimulus for mound building is a hardpan or a high water table or both.

Our main contentions are that mounds of the Mima type occur only …

Mattamuskeet: A National Wildlife Refuge, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Mattamuskeet, Pea Island, and Swanquarter-- two on the mainland and one on the outermost barrier beach--are three National Wildlife Refuges in North Carolina that provide winter food and shelter for more than 100,000 waterfowl. Ducks, geese, and swans that in summer scatter across the northern rim of the world from Greenland to Alaska come down the sky lanes in the fall and in these refuges find the conditions they need to survive the hard months of winter.

At Mattamuskeet you can see one of the largest assemblages of Canada geese on the Atlantic seaboard and more of that giant white …

Chincoteague: A National Wildlife Refuge, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The national wildlife refuge at Chincoteague, Virginia, is one of the newest in a chain of sanctuaries placed along the flight lanes of the waterfowl. Coming down from the north the principal links of the chain are Parker River, Montezuma, Susquehanna, Brigantine, and Bombay Hook. Then from Chincoteague the links run south, through Back Bay and Pea Island, Mattamuskeet and Cape Romain. Chincoteague, like other waterfowl refuges, is needed because birds migrate, and because in so doing they expose themselves to great dangers.

The migration of birds is one of the ancient spectacles of earth, and one of the most …

Parker River: A National Wildlife Refuge, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The Parker River National Wildlife Refuge is New England's most important contribution to the national effort to save the waterfowl of North America. Many million Americans have a direct stake in the success of this effort: the 2,000,00o waterfowl hunters, the millions who find recreation and esthetic pleasure in observing and photographing the birds, and all those, whom there is no way of counting, who understand the value of preserving wildlife as part of America's natural heritage.

During the several generations in which the United States has been converted from a land preeminently wild and unsettled into an industrial and …

Fish And Shellfish Of The Middle Atlantic Coast, Rachel Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Contents: Economics • Fishing gear • Fishing grounds • Conservation • Oysters (Ostrea virginica) • Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) • Croaker (Micropogon undulatus) • Porgy (Stenotomus chrysops) • Striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) • Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) • Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) • Shad (Alosa sapidissima) • Butterfish (Poronotus triacanthus) • Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) • Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) • Menhaden (Brevoortia spp) • River herring (Pornolobus spp) • Sea bass (Centropristes striatus) • …

Fish And Shellfish Of The South Atlantic And Gulf Coasts, Rachel L. Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Contents
Introduction
The fisheries
The fishing grounds: The South Atlantic coast • The Gulf coast
Boats, men, and fishing gear
Marketing the catch
Biographies of the fish and shellfish of the region: Mullet • Spanish mackerel • Kingfish • Bluefish • Red snapper • Groupers • Sea trouts • Redfish • Black drum • Shrimp • The oyster • The blue crab • Other fish and shellfish • Menhaden • Shad • Pompano • Snook • Grunts • Sheepshead • Blue runner • Crevalle • Flounders • Sharks • Spiny lobster • Hard-shell clam • Bay scallop
Appendix
The nutritive …

Notes On The Trematode Subfamily Loimoinae (Monogenea), With A Description Of A New Genus, Harold W. Manter, Waldo L. Schmitt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The subfamily Loimoinae was named by Price (1936) for a peculiar monogenetic trematode, Loimos salpinggoides MacCal lum, 1917, from the gills of a dusky shark, Carcharias obscurus (Lesueur), at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA. Price (1938) redescribed this trematode, correcting several errors made by MacCallum. Manter (1938) described Tricotyle scoliodoni from a shark, Scoliodon terrae-novae (Richardson), from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA. He noted some similarities between Tricotyle and Loimos. The redescription of Loimos by Price increased these similarities.

Fishes Of The Middle West, Rachel L. Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The waters of the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes are a potential source of several hundred million pounds of food in the form of tasty lake and river fishes. This rich resource of the inland waters is important to a nation at war. Because of the growing meat shortage, people will eat more fish than in pre-war years. In the interior of the country, people will eat more fresh-water fish than before, because fish are good and nutritious and because, in the coming months, the shipments of rosefish, halibut, shrimp, and other seafoods that come to them from the …

Food From The Sea: Fish And Shellfish Of New England, Rachel L. Carson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Millions of Americans are developing new wartime food habits, trying foods they once neglected, turning to alternates for long familiar products. For everyone of the ten fish or shellfish that make up mere than four-fifths of New England's catch there are seven species little known or utilized, many of which could provide tasty and nutritious foods. Turning to these under-utilized species will conserve food resources by lifting the burden of over-exploitation from such fishes as cod and haddock and will augment dwindling supplies of protein foods. Exploring the seafood markets for unfamiliar species rewards the housewife and her family with …

Wildlife Of The Atlantic Coast Salt Marshes, W. L. Mcatee

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast have been formed under the opposed tendencies of sinking of the land and of its upbuilding by silt and sand. The plants that form the marshes occupy zones largely determined by the degree of inundation by tides. Eelgrass entirely submerged, smooth cordgrass regularly washed by the tide, and marsh hay covered only by exceptionally high water are characteristic plants. Each zone is the home or feeding area of certain kinds of wildlife. The appearance, distribution, and habits of the more common species are described, and general wildlife conservation is urged. This circular, which is …

Common Birds Of Southeastern United States In Relation To Agriculture, F. E. L. Beal, W. L. Mcatee, E. R. Kalmbach

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

From a purely practical point of view the most important of the relations of native birds to man are the economic. The esthetic value of birds is great, greater indeed than that of any other group of animals; and that this is a real and especially a treasured value is not to be denied. But it is in their relation to insect and other enemies of crops that birds are most directly associated with the welfare of mankind, and their value in this particular should be made as widely known as possible. This bulletin is one of a series designed …

Birdbanding, Frederick C. Lincoln

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Birdbanding, by means of numbered bands, provides a method of studying living birds of all kinds. Scientific banding dates back to 1899, when a Danish schoolmaster, H. Chr. C. Mortensen, commenced systematically to band storks, teals, starlings, and two or three species of birds of prey. His success at once attracted the attention of European ornithologists, and it was not long before the birdbanding work came into prominence. At the present time banding is being actively conducted in North America as well as in England, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Russia, Iceland, Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Hungary, Bulgaria, India, Morocco, …

Some Digenetic Trematodes From Deep-Water Fish Of Tortugas, Florida, Harold W. Manter

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Introduction (first two paragraphs)

The parasitic fauna of ocean depths is practically unknown. Although an extensive fish population occurs at all depths, very little study has yet been made on the helminths of these fish. During the summers of 1930, 1931, and 1932 excellent opportunity was offered for the collection of parasites from fish trawled from depths varying from 40 to 582 fathoms at Tortugas, Florida. A considerable number of systematic hauls by the staff and crew of the Tortugas Biological Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington yielded an abundance and considerable variety of fish, some of rare forms, …

A New Method For The Quantitative Determination Of Plankton Hauls, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

Only two methods of estimating the quantity of plankton obtained in a haul of the vertical net are known to me. These two may be called the volumetric and the gravimetric. Both have been used by observers in various parts of the world, but so far as I know have never been comparatively tested in order to ascertain the relative value of results obtained by the two. The experience of the past year has shown some disadvantages in the first method, while the second has certain evident objections which rendered its employment in this case out of the question. In …

The Food Supply Of The Fish In The Great Lakes, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

When the early settlers made their homes along the shores of the Great Lakes, the waters of these inland seas teemed with fish. A cheap and apparently inexhaustible supply of food lay within easy reach, and they drew from it unstinted, nor was it strange that, with the increasing population and ever-widening means of communication, delicacies so tempting as the whitefish and lake trout were eagerly sought after in the markets of the neighboring cities, and that the ingenuity of generations of fishing folk was taxed to invent means of securing the fish-until finally, in the face of a growing …