Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons^™

Avian Mortality Caused By A September Wind And Hail Storm, Kenneth F. Higgins, Michael A. Johnson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In recent study of nonhunting mortality of wild waterfowl, Stout and Cornwell (1976) identified weather as one of the more significant causal agents. This paper describes an occurrence of spectacular avian mortality caused by a severe thunderstorm in North Dakota on 8 September 1977.

The storm was associated with a low pressure system in South Dakota. It developed about Noon CST north of Dickinson, traveled eastward and generally north of highway 1-94, and continued into Minnesota at about 5:00 p.m. CST. The system moved at about 60 mph (97 km/h) over a 300 mile (483 km) stretch of the state; …

Review Of Helminths Of Fish-Eating Birds Of The Palaearctic Region. I. Nematoda, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The title is accurate but the subject is a little misleading. One would expect that the fish-eating birds will acquire nematodes from the fish they eat. On the contrary, with one exception, Eustrongylides tubifex, as far as is known none of these nematodes use fish as normal intermediate hosts. A few species use fish as paratenic hosts. The book consists of an Introduction (2 pages), General Account of Nematodes (4 pages), the Systematic Part (233 pages), List of Fish-Eating Birds and Their Nematodes (22 pages), References (29 pages) and Index (13 pages). There are keys to families, genera, and …

Aboriginal Exploitation Of Marine Food Resources, Alan J. Osborn

Department of Anthropology: Theses and Student Research

Anthropological interest in human exploitation of resources has increased considerably during the last decade. Archaeological and ethnological literature concerning man's utilization of the world's oceans is relatively abundant and there are now several on-going anthropological research programs, e.g., Aleutian Islands, Pacific Northwest Coast, California, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand, Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and Southern Africa which focus primarily on maritime adaptations. The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to suggest that anthropological assumptions regarding marine food resources and their use are inadequate; (2) to examine marine ecosystems with respect to structure and dynamics, primary productivity, ecological efficiencies, distributional and quantitative …

Vibriosis In Fish, G. L. Bullock

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Fish vibriosis is a systemic disease of marine, estuarine, and some freshwater fishes, caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio (Ross et al. 1968, Ghittino et al. 1972). The disease has been known for centuries; outbreaks along the Italian coast were recorded as early as the 1500's. Terms such as "red pest," "red boil," "red plague," or "saltwater furunculosis" have been applied to vibrio infections, but vibriosis is a more specific term and is now used by most fishery workers. With the rapid development of mariculture, vibriosis has become a major cause of fish loss--sometimes to the extent of being …

Upland Nesting Of American Bitterns, Marsh Hawks, And Short-Eared Owls, Harold F. Duebbert, John T. Lokemoen

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Nests of American Bitterns (Botaurus lentiginosus), marsh hawks (Circus cyaneus), and short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) are usually found in wetland habitats. Although large marshes containing dense stands of bulrushes (Scirpus), cattails (Typha), or other wetland vegetation are favored nesting cover, these birds have also been reported to nest in stands of tall, dense shrubs and grasses on the upland (Bent 1961, 1963; Palmer 1962; Sealy 1967; Stewart 1975). During 1968-74, we regularly found upland nests of these three species while conducting duck nesting studies in planted fields of undisturbed grass-legume …

Inventory Of Wetland Habitat Usig Remote Sensing For The Proposed Oahe Irrigation Unit In Eastern South Dakota, Robert G. Best, Donald G. Moore

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

An inventory of wetlands for the area included in the proposed Oahe Irrigation Project was conducted to provide supplemental data for the wildlife mitigation plan. This report including the data summaries follows a report which documented the interpretation techniques as presented by Best, Moore, and Brewster for inventoryinq small, predominantly Type I wetlands in the low-relief terrain of the Lake Dakota Plain. Wetland habitat in over 310,000 acres in the Oahe irrigation district was inventoried. There were 5305 wetlands representing 7530 acres, 589 acres of natural drains, and 1545 acres of stream habitat in the area. The data were stored …

Nesting By Ferruginous Hawks And Other Raptors On High Voltage Powerline Towers, David S. Gilmer, John M. Wiehe

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

High voltage powerlines form a spider-web pattern across North Dakota as they radiate outward from electric generating sources at Garrison Dam and nearby lignite-fired power plants. In 1976 there were approximately 1100 miles of high voltage powerline in the state, which required approximately 4500 large steel or aluminum towers for support (G. R. Anderson, personal communication). Moreover, officials of power cooperatives and privately-owned utilities anticipate the construction of over 900 additional miles of high voltage lines by 1981. As North Dakota coal resources are developed the powerline network will probably continue to grow.

Our interest in powerlines was stimulated several …

Argulus, A Branchiuran Parasite Of Freshwater Fishes, G. L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

"Fish lice" of the genus Argulus (suborder Branchiura) are Common parasites of freshwater fish, and may occur on frogs and salamanders. Argulids often cause severe mortality of fish in farm ponds, and sometimes in natural waters. Because information on life cycles, ecology, and host specificity is incomplete only a generalized account can be given.

Spring Viremia Of Carp, Winfried Ahne, Ken Wolf

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Dating back nearly SO years and possibly even to the Middle Ages, European pond culture of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and perhaps other cyprinid fishes has been plagued with a contagious disease of great importance. Variously known as infectious dropsy, infectious ascites, hemorrhagic septicemia, or rubella, the disease is probably the most serious cause of losses among these fishes; nearly sao reports have been published on the subject.

Channel Catfish Virus Disease, John A. Plumb

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) is an acute infection of cultured fry and fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The causative agent is the channel catfish virus (CCV) , a member of the herpesvirus group. Since its first identification (Fijan 1968) the virus has been isolated from infected fish collected during epizootics at catfish hatcheries in the warmer latitudes of the United States. The disease is found primarily during the summer and, with a single known exception to date, in fish less than 4 months old. The virus has been isolated only from fish taken while an epizootic was …

Yellow-Crowned Night Herons Sighted In North Dakota, Dennis G. Jorde, Gary L. Krapu, Robert K. Green

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Yellow-crowned night herons (Nyctanassa violacea) sighted at four locations in North Dakota during 1976 appear to be the first observations of this species for the State. We sighted a single individual about 8 km south of Medina, North Dakota in western Stutsman County during several visits in June and July 1976. The bird was first seen on 23 June standing in a pasture adjoining an 8.5 ha semi-permanent marsh. On following visits, the heron usually was seen perched in trees at the edge of the wetland. A single yellow-crowned night heron was sighted on the same wetland on …

A New Host For Pleistophora Ovariae (Microsporida), Glenn L. Hoffman, Mary L. Nagel

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Pleistophora ovariae, a microsporidan parasite that infects ovaries of the golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), is a widespread problem for minnow culturists. It occurred in shiners held at 45 of 49 commercial fish farms inspected by Summerfelt and Warner (1970, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 6: 457-465). This microsporidan causes considerable damage to golden shiner ovaries, reducing fecundity, but most fish farmers obtain an adequate supply of eggs from young fish (1 or 2 years old) in which ovarian damage is not yet extensive.

Parasites Of California Marine And Estuarine Fish, Milton S. Love, Mike Moser

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

While working on the parasites of several California marine fish, it was difficult to find out which parasites had been reported from our fish. Pertinent sources were scattered over a number of journals, covering many years. We compiled this list because we felt there was a need for a single source which would give all the parasites infecting California marine fish. As "marine fish" was a somewhat vague term, we decided to use it in a broad sense and included estuarine and anadromous fish in the survey. In addition, we have included records from landlocked populations of anadromous fish, such …

Columnaris Disease Of Fishes, S. F. Snieszko, G. L. Bullock

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Columnaris disease is a chronic to acute infection that affects salmonids and many species of warmwater fishes. The first description of the disease was given by Davis (1922) who named the disease and bacterium from the columnar arrangement of cells as seen in wet mounts. The bacterium causing columnaris disease was first isolated by Ordal and Rucker (1944). They identified the organism as belonging to the group known as slime bacteria or myxobacteria; because it produced fruiting bodies and microcysts, they named it Chondrococcus columnaris. Garnjobst (1945), who was unable to find fruiting bodies, renamed it Cytophaga columnaris. …

Investigations Of The Ichthyofauna Of Nicaraguan Lakes: Frontmatter

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Dedication
Commentary on this Compendium
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Contents

Chemical Analyses Of Some Crater Lakes In Relation To Adjacent Lake Nicaragua, George W. Barlow, Jeffrey R. Baylis, Dale Roberts

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

In spite of the wide interest by naturalists in the Great Lakes of Nicaragua their limnology has received little study. Cole (1976) has reviewed the literature and contributed new data and interpretations. Our paper adds to his larger work by presenting chemical analyses of Lake Nicaragua and some of the small crater lakes near it. These smaller lakes have been neglected. The only information published about them is a fragmentary table in Riedel (1964), giving some comparative data on surface area, circumference, and depth.

The Origin Of The Lakes In The Nicaraguan Fault And Of The Middle American Isthmus In The Light Of Studies Of The Fish Fauna, Dietmar Riedel

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The geological hypothesis of a marine origin of the Nicaraguan depression and its lakes was until the fifties of the present century exclusively based upon the occurrence of marine species (shark, sawfish and tarpon) in Lake Nicaragua. A recent view, however, is that the fault was never connected with the sea and that the lakes were filled by rain only.
In view of the fact that there seems to be no agreement among geologists about the geological history of the Nicaraguan depression, an attempt is made to contribute to the discussion by evaluating the fish faunal elements of the fault. …

Digenea Of Fishes From Lake Nicaragua, Donald E. Watson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

This paper covers a collection of helminths made during the summer of 1963. The Monogenea and Cestoda of elasmobranchs are reported in a separate paper (Watson and Thorson, 1976). Most of the teleosts were obtained (many still alive) from the fish market in Granada and were caught in Lake Nicaragua. The others were taken by seine or hook and line from the lake, from Tepetate and from San Carlos.
There have been relatively few studies on Digenea from Central America and most of the work has been done on helminths of vertebrates other than fishes. Brenes (1961) catalogued the parasites …

Species Diversity And Distribution Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Kurt W. Koenig, Richard J. Beatty, Sergio Martinez C.

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The results of a preliminary study of the abundance, diversity and distribution of some of the fish species in Lake Nicaragua are presented here. These parameters have received little attention from investigators working on the lake.
A frequently used measure of species diversity is the Shannon-Weiner diversity index. It measures the degree of uncertainty of predicting the species identity of a randomly selected individual (Pielou, 1966). Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964) indicated that species diversity indices are influenced by both the species number, or "richness", and the species "evenness", or relative number of individuals of a species in a given habitat. …

En El Gran Lago, Medicina Y Cultura

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Conociendo la pepesca gaspar por experiencia previa quede muy sorprendido cuando, en Marzo del presente ano, vi dos 0 tres ejemplares nadando rapidamente en las cercanias de la isleta "Guanabana", en el Gran Lago. Acompafiado por mi esposa Marsha y por Michael Springer colectaba peces alrededor de esa isla con redes de mano. Al ver los ejemplares en el agua no pude menos que pensar inmediatamente en la pepesca gaspar, pero no me parecia factible encontrarla ya que la especie no habia sido antes registrada en el Gran Lago cuando, siendo comun en las regiones que habita, es una de …

Pigments Of A Color Polymorphism In A Cichlid Fish, Robert Webber, George W. Barlow, Alan H. Brush

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

1. Cichlasoma citrinellum occurs as gray or gold morphs in lakes in Nicaragua. The gold morph is variable and individuals range from yellow to dark orange.
2. The pigments responsible for the carotenoid coloration are E-carotene and canthaxanthin. The gray morph contains a carotenoid component and also heavy melanin deposits.
3. The carotenoids are dietary in origin, but their distribution and intensity is presumably under genetic control.
4. The relation of color morphs to the ecological and selective forces which might produce them is discussed.

Parental Behavior And Some Histological Features Of Scales In Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

We have described elsewhere the ontogeny of behavior of young Cichlasoma citrinelium, and some aspects of the behavior of the parents during the corresponding period (Noakes and Barlow 1968, 1973a, 1973b). Adults are polymorphic in body color, the "normal" color being grey; the "gold" morphs are more or less xanthic and lack the species typical dark markings (Barlow 1973; and in preparation). The young have a characteristic behavior directed toward the parents in both the laboratory and the field. About 4 days after the young become free-swimming, they begin to feed from the body surfaces …

Movement Of Bull Sharks, Carcharhinus Leucas, Between Carribean Sea And Lake Nicaragua Demonstrated By Tagging, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The shark that occurs in the fresh water of Lake Nicaragua and the Rio San Juan was first described (as Eulamia nicaraguensis) by Gill and Bransford (1877). These authors also first proposed the theory that the sharks, as well as the sawfish and tarpon that occur in the lake, were trapped there by late Pleistocene volcanic activity, which isolated a former bay of the Pacific and resulted in the formation of the present lake. The theory of a landlocked, distinct species, of Pacific origin, has en joyed wide popular acceptance and for many years was also accepted by professional …

The Behavior And Ecology Of Herotilapia Multispinosa (Teleostei, Cichlidae), Jeffrey R. Baylis

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Because of their complex social behavior and the ease with which they can be manipulated, cichlid fishes have long been of special interest to the ethologist. However, most of the research into cichlid behavior has been on Old World species. The social behavior of New World species is different and deserves more study. This paper will describe the ethology of one of the Central American cichlids, Herotilapia multispinosa.

Studio Istochimico Comparato Della Ghiandoia Digitiforme Rettale Di Selaci Marini E Di Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Gian Franco De Stefano

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

La ghiandola reHale dei Selaci secerne notevoli quantita eli elettroliti: I'inelagine istomorfologica e istochimica puo consentire eli documentare I'('sistenza eli elispositivi strutturali e di potenzialita metaboliche collegabili con I'accumulo e la liberazione eli energia utilizzabile per un trasporto ionico attivo, fenomeno che appare alIa base deIl'attivita della ghiandola.

Aspetti Della Ghiandola Rettale E Della Regolazione Osmoticain Selaci Marini E D' Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Gian Francis De Stefano

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

In continuazione di ricerche giil pubblicate (GERZELI G., 1967 - 1st. Lombardo Rend. Sc., BIOI: 117 ; GERZELI F. e DE STEFANO G. F., 1968 - Cony. Soc. Ital. Anat.) l'indagine istomorfologica e istochimica sulla ghiandola rettale c stata estes a ad altre specie, integrandola con alcuni dati ehimici su costituenti plasmatici. Sinora sono state esaminate Ie seguenti specie: Scylliorhinus stellaris, Galeus melastomus, Torpedo marmorata, Raja asterias (del Mar Tirreno); Galeorhinus zyopterus (dell'Oceano Pacifico orientale) ; Carcharhinus leucas (del Mar dei Caraibi e del Lago di Nicaragua) ; Pristis perotteti (del Lago di Nicaragua) ; Potamotrygon brachiurus …

Helminths From Elasmobranchs In Central American Fresh Waters, Donald E. Watson, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Five species of monogeneans and 14 species of cestodes are reported from two elasmobranch species in fresh waters of Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Monogeneans from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Muller and Henle, 1841), are: Dermophthirius maccallumi n. sp. (Microbothriidae); Heteronchocotyle leucas Hargis, 1955 and Erpocotyle carcharhini n. sp. (Hexabothriidae). Cestodes from the bull shark are: Phyllobothrium lactuca van Beneden, 1850, P. leuci n. sp., P. nicaraguensis n. sp., Anthobothrium cornucopia van Beneden, 1850, A. laciniatum Linton, 1890 (Phyllobothriidae): Platybothrium hypoprioni Potter, 1937, Phoreiobothrium triloculatum Linton, 1901 (Onchobothriidae); Cathetocephalus thatcheri Dailey and Overstreet, 1973 (Cathetocephalidae); Dasyrhynchus variouncinnatus (Linton, 1924) …

Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

For more than a century, the two largest bodies of water in Nicaragua, Lake Nicaragua and its smaller companion, Managua, have engaged naturalists from several disciplines. Perhaps their appeal has been as curiosities because of the occurrence of fish with marine affinities in the larger lake, especially a dangerous shark. The charm has been in Nicaragua or Cocibolca, rather than Managua, properly called Xolotlán. Even though the latter is saltier, it has no elasmobranchs or tarpons.
The lakes, and specifically the larger, cover the greatest expanse of any body of water between Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, and the Laurentian …

Geography Of Lake Nicaragua, Jaime Incer

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The area surrounding Lake Nicaragua is discussed from the standpoints of its history, geological setting, climate and vegetation. A physical description of the lake itself is given, including the nature of its bottom, its shoreline, its islands and volcanoes.

The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Since 1966, an extensive tagging program has demonstrated beyond any further doubt (Thorson, 1971) that the sharks move from the Caribbean Sea to Lake Nicaragua and vice versa. At the time of this writing, of 1450 post-juvenile sharks tagged at the various river mouths on the Caribbean Coast, ten have been recovered in Lake Nicaragua; and of 146 tagged at San Carlos, where the river leaves the lake, 28 have been recovered along the Caribbean Coast, most of them at the various outlets of the Rio San Juan. Except for these basic facts, the results of the tagging program have …