Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons^™

Metal Concentrations In Blood From An Adult Bald Eagle Nesting At Clinton Reservoir In Kansas, George T. Allen

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Concentrations of metals in blood from an adult male bald eagle nesting at Clinton Reservoir in eastern Kansas in 1991 were analyzed by induction coupled plasma emission spectroscopy without preconcentration.

Because there are very limited data on background levels of most metals in bald eagle blood, the data herein are provided for comparison with other samples at later dates.

Few metals were detected in the sample. The only metal detected that is not physiologically well controlled was mercury. However, the mercury concentration was low compared to concentrations found in blood from bald eagles in the western United States.

Trace Element Concentrations In Flue Gas Desulfurlzation Wastewater From The Jim Bridger Power Plant, Sweetwater County, Wyoming, Pedro Ramirez Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The coal-fired Jim Bridger Power Plant near Rock springs, Wyoming uses soda liquor from nearby trona (soda ash) processing plants to neutralize the acidity of water used in their flue scrubbers. Analyses of this Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) liquor by Western Wyoming College Water Quality Laboratory shows high concentrations of sodium, chloride, sulfates, carbonates and bicarbonates. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had samples of the FGD wastewater analyzed for sodium, chloride, sulfates, carbonates and bicarbonates as well as trace metals. Trace metals were not present in concentrations known to pose adverse impacts to wildlife. Sodium concentrations, however, were excessively …

Trace Elements In Water, Sediments And Biota From Wetlands In The Laramie Basin And Their Relationship To The Recovery Of The Endangered Wyoming Toad (Bufo Hemiophrys Baxteri, Pedro Ramirez Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a monitoring study in 1989,1990
and 1991 to determine if trace elements occur at levels that may affect the Wyoming toad (Bufo hemiophrys baxteri), a federally-listed endangered species. The study will provide information to help the Wyoming Toad Recovery Team to select reintroduction sites and in habitat acquisition efforts. Biologists collected water, sediment, aquatic invertebrates, algae and emergent insects from Mortenson Lake, historically occupied areas and proposed reintroduction sites. No major problems are apparent with trace elements in water, sediment and biota from sites providing existing or potential habitat for the …

Environmental Contaminants Monitoring In Selected Wetlands Of Wyoming [Biologically Active Elements Study], Pedro Ramirez Jr., Joni Armstrong

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Sediment, water and biota were collected from selected wetlands in Wyoming for the Biologically Active Elements (BAE) Study in 1988, 1989 and 1990 to identify contaminant problems that may warrant further study. This report also will assist in developing a comprehensive contaminants monitoring program for the state and will provide baseline contaminants data for wetland areas. Sites surveyed included areas affected by historical and current mining; wetlands receiving oilfield or oil refinery discharges; wetlands receiving irrigation return flows; stock ponds and natural depressions in areas with seleniferous soils and wetlands influenced by urban runoff. Monitoring is recommended for wetlands receiving …

Trace Elements In Existing Wetlands And Proposed Mitigation Sites In The U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation's Shoshone Rehbilitation & Betterment Project, Park And Bighorn Counties, Wyoming, Pedro Ramirez Jr., Joni Armstrong

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) conducted a baseline inventory of trace elements at proposed mitigation sites and existing wetlands within the Shoshone Project for the Great Plains Region of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Mitigation proposed for wetland losses attributed to the Shoshone Rehabilitation and Betterment Project consists of wetland creation or enhancement within the project area. The quality of irrigation drainage and its effects on fish and wildlife are potential concerns with the existing project. The two sediment samples collected from a large alkali flat near Deaver Reservoir had elevated selenium concentrations (12 and 13 ug/g dry …

Metals And Organic Compounds In Missouri River Fish In 1988 Boyd County, Nebraska To Kansas City, Missouri, George T. Allen, R. Mark Wilson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

We conducted this project to assess the concentrations of natural and anthropogenic contaminants in fish of the Missouri River from the Nebraska/South Dakota border to Kansas City, Missouri. We collected 45 composite samples of eight fish species from nine locations on the river. We were unable to collect all species at all locations, but the collections allowed us to compare concentrations within trophic levels and at different locations. Comparisons in this project are based on concentrations in composites of fish that may have been of different ages. Also, the comparisons of different species should be treated with caution because' different …

Human Anisakis Transmitted By Marine Food Products: Raw Facts On Sushi And Sashimi, Thomas L. Deardorff, Stephen G. Kayes, Takakazu Fukumura

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

A seafood connection with parasitic diseases in Hawaii clearly has been established and clinicians and physicians need to become more aware of this association. The risk of people in Hawaii becoming infected with these parasites from seafood products are extremely low; however, this risk increases slightly if imported fresh fishes raw or partially cooked are eaten. Prevention of these diseases, therefore, is probably best accomplished by providing continuous, accurate, and responsible information to the public concerning the health risks of eating raw fishery products; by advising the seafood industry of potential problems and methods of addressing them properly; and by …

Lists Of Larval Worms From Marine Invertebrates Of The Pacific Coast Of North America, Hilda Lei Ching

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Immature stages of seventy-three digenetic trematodes are listed by their families, marine invertebrate hosts, and localities and then cross listed according to their molluscan hosts. The list contains many new host records, and larval stages of fifteen digenetic trematodes were newly recorded from gastropods from British Columbia and California. A list of immature stages of fourteen cestodes, acanthocephaIans, and nematodes is also included.

Sex Reversal Of Tilapia In Earthen Ponds, Tom Popma, Bartholomew Green

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This Aquacultural Production Manual from the International Center for Aquaculture at Auburn University is oriented towards field application rather than rigorous scientific evaluation of the described techniques. The management practices have been field tested and proven feasible at the described scale of production.

The intended readers are intermediate to upper level technicians with experience in related aquacultural activities. As such, a basic understanding of the principles of aquatic production and of the life history and environmental requirements of tilapia is presumed.

Effects Of Specialized Grazing Systems On Waterfowl Production In Southcentral North Dakota, William T. Barker, Kevin K. Sedivec, Terry A. Messmer, Kenneth F. Higgins, Dan R. Hertel

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The recent decline in numbers of several waterfowl species (Canadian Wildlife Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1986, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service 1988) and poor nesting success indicates that there is insufficient production of ducks in the prairie pothole region to maintain populations at desirable levels (Klett et al. 1988). About 50 percent of the ducks in North America are produced in the prairie pothole region and about 95 percent of the production occurs on private lands (Smith et al. 1964). Thus. a major effort to reverse the decline in duck numbers should emphasize …

Enteric Redmouth Disease Of Salmonids, G. L. Bullock, R. C. Cipriano

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is a systemic bacterial infection of fishes, but is known principally for its occurrence in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. It was first reported in the 1950's in Idaho rainbow trout and described by Rucker (1966). In recognition of that first description, the causal organism was named Yersinia ruckeri by Ewing et al. (1978).

Chironomidae Of The Southeastern United States: A Checklist Of Species And Notes On Biology, Distribution, And Habitat, Patrick L. Hudson, David R. Lenat, Broughton A. Caldwell, David Smith

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

We provide a current listing of the species of midges (Diptera:Chironomidae) in the southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee). This checklist should aid in research on this group of insects, which have often proved useful in the assessment of water quality. We document each species' distribution and general habitat and provide the best taxonomic reference to facilitate the identification or description of species in that genus. Changes in nomenclature, unique ecological traits, bibliographic sources, or other items of information are summarized in a paragraph on each genus. Of the 10 subfamilies currently recognized in …

Bacterial Gill Disease Of Freshwater Fishes, G. L. Bullock

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Fish gills function as both respiratory and excretory organs. Basically they consist of a network of capillaries where blood is separated from the surrounding water by only one or two layers of cells. Proliferation of epithelial tissue, and later the loss of surface by the clubbing and fusing of lamellae, impair respiration and the excretion of nitrogenous waste materials, and disturb osmotic balance. Because these changes adversely affect the health of fish, the prevention and treatment of gill diseases are important in fish culture. Pathologic changes in gill tissues have been divided into five categories: (1) bacterial gill disease (BGD) …

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Of Fishes, Philip E. Mcallister

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), a systemic infection of various salmonid and a few nonsalmonid fishes, is caused by a rhabdovirus designated as the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (Office International des Epizooties 1963). The virus infection occurs in salmonids and certain other fishes of any age and may result in significant cumulative mortality. Fish that survive may become carriers. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia has been reported under various names, of which "Egtved disease" and "Infektiose Nierenschwellung und Leberdegeneration" are the best known. The viral etiology of the disease was established by Jensen (1965), and several serotypes of the virus (also known as …

Endangered And Threatened Wildlife And Plants; Neosho Madtom Determined To Be Threatened

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) determines a fish, the Neosho madtom (Noturusplocidus), to be a threatened species under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended. The madlom is currently known from the Neosho River (Grand Riverin Oklahoma) drainage: in the Neosho, Cottonwood, and Spring Rivers in southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma. Habitat destruction andmodification, principally due to impoundments, dredging activities, and increased water demands, have decreased the distribution and abundance of the species and isolated it into three populations. This rule identifies the taxon as one in need of conservation, …

Some Helminth Parasites Of Dunlin (Calidris Alpina) And Western Willet (Catoptrophorus Semipalmatus Inornatus) From California, Hilda Lei Ching

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Dunlins and western willets were collected on their winter feeding grounds at Bodega Bay and Bolinas Lagoon, California, during 1986. Six digeneans, eight cestodes, two acanthocephalans, and a new nematode were found in dunlins. Seven digeneans, two cestodes, one acanthocephalan, and the new nematode were found in western willets; four helminths including the new roundworm were common to dunlins. Thominx cecumitis sp. n. differs from other capillarid nematodes with a spinous spicule-sheath in having a short, globular vulvar appendage, peanut-shapcd eggs, a cuticular ball at the posterior tip of the body, narrow lateral alae, and a cuticular genital bursa.

Manual De Producción Acuícola: Reversión Sexual De Tilapias En Lagunas De Tierra, Thomas J. Popma, Bartholomew J. Green

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Este Manual de Producción Acuícola publicado por el Center for Aquaculture at Auburn University se orienta hacia la aplicación práctica de campo en vez de una evaluación científica rigorosa de las ténicas descries. Las practices de manejo presentadas han sido comprobadas en el campo y han sido demostradas factibles para la escala de producción descrita.

Este manual se dirige al personal técnico de nivel medio a nivel alto y con experiencia en actividades relacionada a la acuicultura/piscicultura. Por lo tanto, se supone que dicho personal técnico cuente con conocimientos básicos de la producción acuícola/piscícola y del ciclo de vida y …

Species Richness Gradients Of Oak Forest Plants Along The Missouri River In Nebraska And Iowa, Steven B. Rolfsmeier

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The upland deciduous forests of the Missouri River valley contain many plants typical of forests to the east of this area, which are assumed to have migrated northward and westward along the river in postglacial times. Previous workers have reported a gradient of decreasing species richness upstream among woody species, which is suggested to be the result of climatic gradients and differential dispersal capabilities of the immigrant species. Floristic work on all vascular species in eight woodland sites along the Nebraska-Iowa border quantifies the presence of similar gradients for herbaceous species, but of differing degrees. These studies also reveal the …

The Nebraska Natural Heritage Program: Two Year Progress Report, Mary Clausen, Mike Fritz, Gerry Steinauer

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

Since European settlement, human activities have totally eliminated the natural vegetation from approximately 50 percent of Nebraska’s landscape, and of that remaining most has been heavily impacted. As a result, numerous plants and animals have been extirpated from the state and many others are threatened.

The destruction of Nebraska’s natural diversity resulted in both public and private conservation groups recognizing the need for a centralized and accessible biological database for the state’s rare species and natural community types. Toward this end, the Nebraska Natural Heritage Program (NENHP) was established in August, 1987 through a cooperative effort between The Nature Conservancy …

Selenium In The Aquatic Environment Of Quivira National Wildlife Refuge In 1987, R. Mark Wilson, George T. Allen

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Selenium is a widely distributed element generally found at low concentrations in surface waters and soils (Cooper et. al. 1974. Kubota 1980. Raptis et. al. 1983. Trelease 1945). Selenium has received recent attention from the Department of the Interior and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) because high levels of selenium borne by irrigation return flows have caused serious problems for fish and wildlife (Clark 1987. Hoffman et. al. 1988. Lemly 1987. Ohlendorf et. al. 1986a,b, 1987, 1988, Saiki and Lowe 1987). Because selenium concentrations can occur in coal deposits, ash from coal-fired powerplants has caused serious selenium contamination …

Selected Bibliography On Diseases And Parasites Of Fishes: Books, Proceedings, And Reviews, 1978-1989, Joyce A. Mann

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This bibliography was prepared to assist students of fish health, fishery biologists, librarians, and others in selecting reading materials or developing library collections on the diseases and parasites of fishes. A continuation of Fish Disease Leaflet 53, "Diseases and parasites of fish: an annotated bibliography of books and symposium, 1904-1977," it includes English language books, proceedings, and review articles published from 1978 to 1989. It includes references that are readily available by purchase or through interlibrary loan. The references are arranged alphabetically by author surname and then by year within the following major subject classifications: general works, bacterial diseases, histology, …

Columnaris Disease Of Fishes, G. L. Bullock, T. C. Hsu, E. B. Shotts Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Columnaris disease is an acute to chronic bacterial infection that affects anadromous salmonids and virtually all species of warmwater fishes. Davis (1922), who first described the disease, named it columnaris because the causal bacterial cells seen in wet mounts of affected gills and fins were arranged in columnar aggregations. Ordal and Rucker (1944) were the first to isolate the causal organism and, based on cellular morphology, identified it as a myxobacterium. Organisms classified in the order Myxobacterales are long, thin gram-negative rods that are motile on agar media by a creeping or flexing motion. They have a life cycle composed …

Native Hay Production Along A Depth-To-Water-Table Gradient In Eastern Sandhills Wet Meadows, Wheeler County, Nebraska, Jean M. Novacek

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The Sandhills region of Nebraska, the largest dune field in the Western Hemisphere, occupies 15 north-central counties and extends over 51,800 km (20,000 mi) (Keech and Bentall, 1971; Ahlbrandt and Fryberger, 1980). Far from a desert, the Sandhills region is entirely vegetated by mixed-grass prairie with numerous wet areas and lakes in interdunal valleys. This rich, grass-covered dune sea stretches 427 km (265 mi) across from east to west and 209 km (130 miles) from north to south. The altitudes range from 670 m (2200 ft) above sea level in the eastern part to 1310 m (4300 ft) in the …

Proliferative Kidney Disease In Salmonid Fishes, R. P. Hendrick, M. L. Kent, C. E. Smith

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonid fishes is caused by a poorly understood protozoan, the vegetative stages of which are known as PKX cells. The organism was initially believed to be an amoeba (phylum Sarcomastigophora) by Plehn (1924) and later by Ghittino et al. (1977) and Ferguson and Needham (1978). Similarities between PKX and oyster pathogens of the genus Marteilia led Seagrave et al. (1980) to suspect that the parasite was instead a haplosporidan (phylum Acetospora). More recent studies by Hedrick et al. (1984) and Kent and Hedrick (1985a,b) indicated that the PKX cells are pre sporogonic forms …

Channel Catfish Virus Disease, John A. Plumb

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) is an acute infection of cultured fry and fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The disease occurs primarily during summer and, with few exceptions, in fish less than 4 months old. The causative agent, the channel catfish virus (CCV), is a member of the herpesvirus group. Since its first identification (Fijan 1968), it has been isolated from infected fish in most areas of the United States where channel catfish are cultured.

Biography Of Glenn L. Hoffman, R. M. Overstreet, F. P. Meyer

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In the fictional West of the United States, a masked man known only as the Lone Ranger rode into the lives of troubled individuals on his white stallion, Silver, and, with the aid of his trustworthy Indian sidekick, Tonto, and a six-shooter filled with silver bullets, solved the people's problems and protected them from villains. When the Lone Ranger finished his deed, he rode away and a person who had received help always asked someone nearby 'Who was that masked man, anyway?'

Salmonid Whirling Disease, Ken Wolf, Maria E. Markiw

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Salmonid whirling disease-sometimes referred to as "blacktail" -is a chronic, noncontagious parasitic infection of trout and, to a lesser extent, other members of the family Salmonidae. The parasite has specific tropism for cartilage. If the infection is heavy and the fish is young, mortality sometimes results. More commonly, the parasitosis evokes abnormal swimming behavior and the transient melanism of the caudal fin and peduncle that is the blacktail sign (Fig. 1).

When the parasite is given sufficient time for development and the infection is sufficiently intense, the head and axial skeleton become disfigured in some vIictims (Fig. 2). However, the …

Edwardsiella Infections Of Fishes, G. L. Bullock, Roger L. Herman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The genus Edwardsiella was suggested by Ewing et al. (1965) to encompass a group of enteric bacteria generally described under vernacular names such as paracolon. The type species is E. tarda, which is an opportunistic pathogen of many animals. Meyer and Bullock (1973) reported E. tarda as a pathogen of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and named the disease emphysematous putrefactive disease of catfish. However, the organism described by Hoshina (1962) as the fish pathogen Paracolobactrum anguillimortiferum is now recognized as being E. tarda (Wakabayashi and Egusa 1973). Hawke (1979) isolated several strains of a bacterium closely resembling …

Aeromonas Hydrophila And Motile Aeromonad Septicemias Of Fish, Rocco C. Cipriano, G. L. Bullock, S. W. Pyle

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Aeromonas hydrophila and other motile aeromonads are among the most common bacteria in freshwater habitats throughout the world, and are frequently associated with severe disease among cultured and feral fishes. Determinations of the etiology of diseases involving aeromonad infections has been complicated by the genetic, biochemical, and antigenic heterogeneity of members of this group. Consequently, motile aeromonads consist of a complex of disease organisms that are associated with bacterial hemorrhagic septicemias in fishes. From descriptions of fish diseases in the early scientific literature, Otte (1963) speculated that septicemic infections in fish caused by motile aeromonads were common throughout Europe during …

Enteric Redmouth Disease Of Salmonids, G. L. Bullock

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is a systemic bacterial infection of fishes, but is principally known for its occurrence in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. The disease was first reported in the 1950's by Rucker (1966), and in recognition of that fact, the causal organism was named Yersinia ruckeri by Ewing et al. (1978). Although Wagner and Perkins (1952) described a bacterial disease that produced a red-mouth condition in rainbow trout in California and Colorado, it was caused by a different bacterium; they isolated Pseudomonas hydrophila rather than Y. ruckeri.