Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons^™

Marine Resources: The Presentation Of A Business Plan, K. Scott Colby

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The once questionable technology of hatchery production has become routine and, with the recent development of up-welling techniques, is more effective and efficient. The supply of natural shellfish and fishery stocks is on the decline and this trend is expected to continue. Aquaculture has been the solution to this problem in many European countries and the United States is currently attempting to remove domestic obstacles through its National Aquaculture Plan. The proprietor has experience in the production of various marine invertebrates and has designed, built and operated a producing shellfish hatchery. By using a unique up-welling juvenile culture system a …

Factors Affecting Reproductive Success Of Bonytail Chubs And Razorback Suckers In Lake Mohave, Michael A. Bozek, Larry J. Paulson, James E. Deacon, U.S. Department Of Interior, Fish And Wildlife Service

Publications (WR)

Razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) and bonytail chubs (Gila elegans) were once widespread throughout the Colorado River system. The ranges and populations of these native species and others have declined in the past 50 years. Bonytail chubs appear to be extremely rare and possibly nearing extinction in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The razorback sucker is widely distributed in the upper river but is considered rare throughout most of that range and is also rare in the Grand Canyon. Razorback suckers are abundant only in a few habitats in the upper river. They congregate and spawn over …

The Joint Venture Controversy: A Short-Term Solution For A Long-Term Fisheries Policy, Laurie A. Frost

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper will examine the development of joint ventures under the FCMA, the legislative and regulatory measures designed to control these ventures and the procedures for establishing a joint venture. More recent developments in joint venture policy will be examined, including the controversy over squid joint ventures on the East Coast, to determine what the objectives are and what current policy is regarding join ventures. The debate between harvesters and processors will be put forth as a way of summarizing the costs and benefits of joint ventures to the industry as a whole.

A Model Of The Population Dynamics Of The Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, Betty Springer Hester

OES Theses and Dissertations

This study has particular application to the blue crab fisheries in Chesapeake Bay, an economically important industry whose successful management has been hindered by relatively poor understanding of the population dynamics. Recent biological studies have indicated a systematic spawning behavior which seems designed for ejection of larvae seaward from the bay entrance where they spend their pre-metamorphosis stages in the neuston. A physical mechanism for retention of the larvae in sufficient proximity to the bay entrance for their return at the proper time which involves the action of wind stress in shallow waters is proposed. Since the supply of blue …

The Growth And Feeding Behavior Of Juvenile Spot, Leiostomus Xanthurus Lacepede, In The Nursery Region Of The James River, Virginia, John Thomas Mccambridge Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

The in situ growth and feeding behavior of juvenile spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede, was investigated for populations in the nursery area of the James River, Virginia. Growth of juvenile spot was found to be fairly rapid (11.34 mm/month, standard length) during their first summer in the nursery grounds, but it levelled off in the autumn. The mean size of spot after the first year was calculated to be 195 mm total length. The weight-length relationship was log W = -5.018 + 3.246(log L), where W = wet weight in grams and L = standard length in millimeters.

Juvenile spot appeared …

The Effect Of Crowding On Growth Of The Cichlid Fish, Oreochromis Mossambicus, Bonnie A. Barrows

OES Theses and Dissertations

It has been reported that the Java tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, displays hypersensitivity to a substance it produces when biomass levels in a flow-through culture system exceed 20 g/1, resulting in reduced growth and high mortality. Experiments on the growth of this species in small tanks were conducted in order to determine whether O. mossambicus produces a growth-inhibiting compound under crowded conditions. This species was successfully maintained at biomass levels of 38 g/1 and 57 g/1 with a total mortality of only 4.5%.

The Java tilapia can grow rapidly in small aquaria, as indicated by the data taken during Experiment …

The Effect Of The Endangered Species Act Of 1973, Robert Palmer Yankle Ii

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Scrimshaw, as an art form, had just recently risen a few notches above the state of obscurity. There are still millions of Americans who probably know nothing about it. Inextricably linked with the whaling industry for years, the scrimshaw industry has recently undergone a remarkable transition. When whaling ended in the United States, scrimshaw moved ashore and some people found out that there was a great deal of money to be made in the scrimshaw business. but with the passage of the Marine Mammals Protection Act in 1973, scrimshanders found themselves being tightly regulated by the Federal government. This paper …

Impact Of The Law Of The Sea Treaty On The Soviet Fishing Industry, Gary Lee Roemmich

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The signing of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Treaty was the maturation of an idea that was born thirty-six years ago. That treaty placed into effect the 200 mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). A universal 200 mile EEZ could be a death knell for the high-seas fishing fleets we know today as the majority of the major fishing grounds lie within 200 miles of the coast. The Soviet Union presently has the largest fishing fleet in the world and will perhaps feel the largest impact from the treaty signing. This paper intends to evaluate …

The American Lobster Fishery Management Plan: An Assessment Of Its Impact On The New Hampshire Lobster Industry, John C. Belcher

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Exclusive fishery management jurisdiction between three and twelve nautical miles from the coast was granted to the Federal government by Congress in 1966. No federal regulations governing fishery management were ever promulgated, however. In 1972 an attempt was made to establish management regulations. Regional councils were formed to discuss industrial, managerial and scientific problems associated with fisheries within the territorial sea. Their success was limited. Not until the Fishery Conservation and ManagementAct of 1976 (PubIc Law 94-265) was enacted did a sound management structure exist at the federal level for fisheries regulation. This Act (FCMA) established a fishery conservation zone …

Fisheries Report No 59 - Potential Fisheries Capability Of The Ord In The Short, Medium And Long Terms, Dr N. Morrissy

Fisheries Research Reports

This report examines the history, future and problems of various methods for development and exploitation of the fisheries resources of the Ord.

The primary resource is the array of native fish and crustacean species, with the possible introduction of other desirable or noxious species being a subject for consideration.

Water resources, supporting these species, are the remaining natural Ord River downstream from the Diversion Dam at Kununurra, the stillwaters of Lake Kununurra and Lake Argyle, and, for aquaculture, the controlled distribution of water supply over the flat land of the irrigation system (Fig. 1). Another recognized resource is the climatic …

The Effects Of Limited Food Availability On The Striped Bass Fishery In Lake Mead, John R. Baker, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

The original range of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) was along the Atlantic Coast. They were introduced into the lower Sacramento River in 1879 and are now also found along the Pacific Coast. A landlocked striped bass fishery was established in Santee-Cooper Reservoir, South Carolina, in 1954, and they have since been introduced into numerous other reservoirs, including Lake Havasu, Lake Mead and Lake Powell on the Colorado River. Striped bass were introduced into Lake Mead in 1969 in response to declines in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fishery that occurred during the 1960s and in order to further utilize the …

Historical Patterns Of Phytoplankton Productivity In Lake Mead, Richard T. Prentki, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Lake Mead was impounded in 1935 by the construction of Hoover Dam. The Colorado River was unregulated prior to then and therefore was subjected to extreme variations in flows and suspended sediment loads. Hoover Dam stabilized flows and reduced suspended sediment loads downstream, but Lake Mead still received silt-laden inflows from the upper Colorado River Basin. The Colorado River contributed 97% of the suspended sediment inputs to Lake Mead, and up to 140 x 1O⁶ metric tons (t) entered the reservoir in years of high runoff. Most of the sediments were deposited in the river channel and formed an …

Comparison Of Fishery Policies And Management Techniques Of The United States And Iceland, Ted I. Lillestolen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In 1976, the United States enacted the Fishery Conservation and Management Act (FCMA), presently referred to as the Magnuson Fishery conservation and Management Act (MFCMA). The legislation is a complex and detailed document establishing for the first time a national fishery policy. The Act also created an organizational structure designed to implement this new policy. Since the Act's implementation, there has been a great deal of controversy, especially generated by the commercial fishermen. This paper focuses on Iceland, primarily because of its great economic dependency on its fisheries resources, unlike the United States.

A Laboratory Study Of Nongenetic Embryonic Adaptation To Salinity And Its Subsequent Effects Upon Larval Development Of The Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes Pugio Holthius, Paul Jay Anninos

OES Theses and Dissertations

Fertilized embryos of the grass shrimp Palamonetes pugio Holthuis (Decapoda; Caridea) were exposed to two levels of salinity [5 ppt (exposed) and 20 ppt (control)] during incubation to determine the extent to which embryonic adaptation influences subsequent larval development. Larval response to embryonic exposure was measured at three salinities (5 ppt, 10 ppt, and 20 ppt) as the fraction of larvae surviving to metamorphosis and the duration (in days) of larval development. The survival rate of larvae hatched from control, or non-adapted, embryos was significantly influenced by rearing salinity. The differences in survival of pre-adapted larvae (exposed group), however, were …

Ecology, Economics, And Law In The Conservation And Management Of Cetaceans, John David Roanowicz

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

No abstract provided.

Conservation Measures In The Interim Fishery Management Plan For Atlantic Groundfish, Andrew P. Matykiewicz

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The conservation measures used in the Interim Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Groundfish (IFMP) were analyzed. The management techniques used include a minimum mesh size, minimum fish size and haddock spawning area closure. However the mesh regulation does not adequately address the IFMP conservation objectives. Without amendment, the IFMP cannot prevent overfishing as it is required to do by the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA). The use of a non-numeric Optimum Yield (OI) for groundfish is inappropriate without a definition of overfishing and without a contingency plan to prevent overfishing.

Optimum Yield And The Fcma: Uneven Distribution Of Management Burden, Herrick J. Johnson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Until the establishment of the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (FCMA), fish outside the United States' twelve mile fishery zone were, according to international law, common property and belonged to the nation or individual that caught them. This common property law was based on the concept that fish resources were so large that no amount of fishing would interfere with the right of others to catch fish. Modern technology, however, has created equipment that enabled foreign and domestic fishermen to over-fish the resource. A reduced domestic catch led coastal fishermen to support a bill that unilaterally extended the …

A Quantitative Description Of Migratory Behavior Of The Brown Shrimp (Penaeus Aztecus) With Applications In Fisheries Management, Anne Madolyn Babcock

OES Theses and Dissertations

A quantitative description of the migratory behavior of the brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus, was established using the density approach. A theoretical time density was estimated by the proportion of catch and catch per boat hour NOAA-NMFS fisheries statistics collected in Pamlico Sound, the Neuse River, and Core Sound. A clear quantitative description of brown shrimp migratory timing is found in the time densities. The impact of various physical tactors on the progress of the fishery in time and space can be objectively evaluated by using the time density statistics as dependent variables in modeling efforts. The distributions also enable …

Toward The Marketing Of Seafood Harvested In New England, Daniel R. Kilty Ph.D

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In this study the author will concentrate on the marketing activitiesof the U.S. commercial fishing industry. The study will use examples from New England to illustrate various points covered in the study. Particular reference will be made to the geographic area of Southern New England and move specifically to Point Judith, Rhode Island and New Bedford, Massachusetts. The study is divided into two parts. Part I reviews the situation in the industry prior to 1976, the Fishery Conservation Management Act, theU.S./Canadian East Coast Fisheries Agreement and the American Fisheries Promotion Act. Part II applies the marketing mix to the industry …

Where Have All The Stripers Gone?: An Analysis Of The Decline In The East Coast Striped Bass Fishery, Anthony P. Chatowsky

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Beginning in 1975 striped bass sports fishermen noticed a decrease in fish around. This decline was cause for alarm in 1977 when few striped bass were caught from shore. Commercial catch statistics showed that in 1973, 13,504,000 pounds of bass were landed. In 1979 the poundage was 3,492,000, a significant drop of 74%. This led to the development of state and regional striped bass advisory committees, an N.M.F.S. and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Emergency Action Plan and Congressional appropriation of 4.7 million dollars in 1979 to study the problem. The problem is multifactored and solutions lie in consistent coastal management …

The Rhode Island Quahogger: Candidate For The List Of Endangered Species?, James M. Korney

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is the hypothesis of this paper that today the livelihood of the independent Narragansett Bay quahogger is faced with two potentially dangerous threats; water pollution in upper Narragansett Bay and the prospect of an expanding aquaculture industry in the lower bay. Unless the state of Rhode Island properly interprets and enforces existing state legislation to protect the quahoggers interests, his very livelihood will be jeoprodized. This paper will examine the legal, political, economic, and environmental affects of water pollution in upper Narragansett Bay and an expanding aquaculture industry in the lower bay in their relation to the Rhode Island …

Municipal Sewage Treatment: Problems And Considerations, George R. Johnson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The coastal areas are vital to the economic and physical well being of the United States. Virtually every facet of our way of life is related in some fashion to these coastal areas. Ocean borne transportation moves not only vast quantities of raw materials, but also many of the intermediate and final products that are then manufactured to their related market areas. Fisheries provide vast amounts of food and employment for many of our people. In addition, the coasts are a continuing source of enjoyment and recreation for millions of our citizens. Coastal waters provide much of the water necessary …

Growth And Recruitment Of Two Penaeids In The Bay Of St. Louis, Mississippi During 1979, Teresa C. Heaton

OES Theses and Dissertations

Juvenile brown (Penaeus aztecus, Ives) and white (Penaeus setiferus, Linnaeus) shrimp were collected from two stations of a nursery area in St. Louis Bay Mississippi, during May to October, 1979. Periods of shrimp recruitment and growth were determined to discern whether the concurrent environmental variables of salinity and temperature had an influence on shrimp abundance and yield. Growth estimates were obtained from length frequency measurements of trawl samples taken over a 24-h period per month from each station. An analysis of variance of length versus the variables of sex, month, station, time of day, salinity and …

Promotion Of Distant-Water Fishing Industry In Taiwan, Dah-Wen Shieh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The growth of distant-water fishing industry in Taiwan has been steady during the period from 1965-1973. However, since 1973, the slow expansion of distant-water fisheries has been reflected in both the production side and the decreasing catch per unit effort. The increasing operation costs and the shrinking fishing grounds are mainly attributable to the limitation of distant-water fishing industry. The small scale of fishing companies with small-sized vessels also resulted in the inefficient operation in this highly competitive business. For Taiwan, distant-water fishing is not only a means of meeting general protein requirements for its population but also an important …

Mass Marking Of Mosquitofish: Preliminary Results, Bruce Vondracek, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr.

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Three marking techniques were tested to determine their applicability for mosquitofish. Tetracycline drugs and DC Ar administered in the diet successfully marked laboratory-cultured mosquitofish, but exposure to direct sunlight in outdoor tanks resulted in the rapid disappearance of the marks. Preliminary data on fluorescent marks from a polystyrene pigment in a melamine-sulfonamide-formaldehyde resin forced into the dermal ,tissue with compressed air are more promising.

A t an optimal deliver pressure of 7.3 m Hg (140 p.s.i.) and spraying time of 15 sec., marking percentage is maximized and fish mortality is minimized. Mark retention time was up to 80 days in …

Effect Of Fish Size On Prey Size Selection In Gambusia Affinis, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr., James Compton

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Food size selection of the mosquitofish , Gambusia affinis affinis. was measured in aquaria using juvenile stages of the mosquito, Clllex tarsalb;, as prey. Fish size varied from recently born fry to large adult females. Food size selection was positively correlated with fish size. Mosquitofish fry (6-8 111m standard length) attacked and ate primarily first and second instar larvae. Fry attacked larger instars, but attack success on these was low (0 - 50%). Fish larger than 20 mm attached primarily pupae and third and fourth instar larva. No first instar mosquitoes were eaten. Attack success for these fish was above …

High Value Fishery: Vessel-Harvest Helicopter Landing, Roger F. Scott

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of using helicopters to move high value fish from the offshore fishing fleet at sea, to market distribution locations. To accomplish this purpose, data was collected on the high value swordfish species, ex-vessel, $1.50 per pound, and used to compare three basic options. Two Sikorsky helicopters were considered in the options tested; the light lift S58T, and the medium lift S61. The data shows the S58T to dominate the S61 in all comparisons. An underlying assumption of the analysis is that the fish landed by helicopter will demand a premium …

An Investigation Into A New England Fisheries Development Project: Towards The Expansion Of The Whiting Fishery, J. H. Kaelin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In 1973, the New England Fishery Development Program (NEFDP), an industry/government partnership was formed to offset a portion of the economic decline of the New England fishing industry while encouraging the development of underutilized species and nontraditional fishery products. The purpose of this paper is to examine one of the NEFDP's development projects and to comment on its apparent success. This paper attempts to determine if domestic processors can be expected to produce whiting fillet blocks that can compete in the market place with foreign imports. Several aspects of the problem are favorably resolved-an abundant whiting resource is available; the …

Filtration Ingestion And Assimilation Rates Of The Mysid Shrimp Neomysis Americana Smith, Fed Three Food Sources, Robert W. Grabb

OES Theses and Dissertations

Laboratory grazing and assimilation experiments were conducted on the mysid shrimp Neomysis americana in an attempt to assess the suitability of three potential food sources. It was hypothesized that the smaller size classes were primarily herbivores, not becoming omnivorous until attaining lengths of approximately 5-6 mm. Four size classes of mysids from the summer generation, juveniles, immature, adult males, and adult ovigerous females were each fed three concentrations of Artemia salina nauplii, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, and the diatom Coscinodiscus lineatus. The mean lengths of the size classes utilized, plus or minus one standard deviation, were 2.5 …

Evaluation Of Impacts Associated With Reregulation Of Water Levels In Lake Mohave, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker, U.S. Water And Power Resources Service

Publications (WR)

The U.S. Water and Power Resources Service is considering reregulating Lake Mohave water levels to increase the net power benefit from Hoover Dam. Reregulation will not increase the generation capacity of the Hoover powerplant but it will enable the plant operation to be increased when the energy has greater monetary value. Energy generated at different times of the year has different market value, the highest being in January-March and July- September. By generating more power during these periods more net monetary benefit can be derived from Hoover Dam. The total volume of water released from Hoover Dam over an annual …