Animal Sciences Commons^™

Characterisation Of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy In Female Cattle Using Genotype Information, Cliona Ryan

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Background

Aneuploidy is a genetic condition characterized by the loss (monosomy) or gain (trisomy) of one or more chromosomes. Aneuploidy affecting the sex chromosomes often leads to infertility. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sex chromosome aneuploidy in a large juvenile population using routinely available genotype intensity information.

Methods

Genotype and genotype intensity data was available on 145,476 female dairy and beef cattle below 15 months of age at the time of genotyping, with no recorded progeny. Genotype intensity data included the LogR Ratio (LRR), R-value (the sum of X and Y SNP probe intensities), …

Grass-Based Supplementation To Reduce Slaughter Age In Dairy-Beef Steers, Jamie O'Driscoll

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Background

Reducing slaughter age, while maintaining carcass output, will improve the sustainability of beef production systems. This will result in lower lifetime emissions from cattle, while also reducing the carbon equivalent per kilogram of beef carcass. The objective of this study was to investigate the strategic use of concentrate feed within pasture-based dairy-beef steer production systems, to establish its effectiveness in reducing slaughter age in differing animal genotypes.

Methods

Three contrasting supplementation strategies were implemented: 1) grass only (GO), pasture only diet in the first and second grazing season, 2) intermediate (INTER), concentrate supplementation throughout the first grazing season, pasture …

The Detection Of Putative Recessive Lethal Haplotypes In Irish Sheep Populations, Rory Mcauley

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

In livestock populations, recessive lethal alleles are a known contributor to poor reproductive performance due to embryonic death in homozygous individuals. Despite their lethal effect in the recessive form, these alleles may be maintained at high frequencies among carrier animals because of their positive pleiotropic effects on economically important traits. Although several such recessive alleles have been identified in cattle and pig populations, limited studies have been completed in sheep, and none within Irish sheep populations. Genotype data for 69,034 animals from five major Irish sheep breeds genotyped on a variety of panels was available for this study. Only animals …

Comparison Of Dna Extraction Methods For The Detection Of Canned Tuna Species With Dna Mini-Barcoding, Aubrey J. Emmi, Biola Fatusin, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Tuna is susceptible to species mislabeling due to its high demand, quick rate of production, and wide range of price points. DNA barcoding, a sequencing-based technique, allows for the detection of species mislabeling by targeting a standardized region of DNA. A mitochondrial control region (CR) DNA barcode has been found to be capable of species discrimination for tuna, but it is challenging to recover the entire DNA fragment from canned tuna. While a short fragment of CR, referred to as a “mini-barcode,” has shown some success with canned tuna species identification, more research is needed to improve identification rates. The …

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Paiute Sculpin (Cottus Beldingii), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Paiute sculpin (Cottus beldingii) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Mottled Sculpin (Cottus Bairdii), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 99, No. 4), Department Of Library Special Collections

The Kentucky Warbler

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Science Update - Pilbara Demersal Scalefish Resource - November 2023, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Fisheries Science Updates

Key points: 2023 stock assessment outcomes:

• The Pilbara Demersal Scalefish Resource (PDSR) spans from the North West Cape to 120ºE and comprises over 60 demersal scalefish species, including indicator species red emperor, rankin cod, and bluespotted emperor.
• The PDSR is accessed by recreational fishers, charter operators and three commercial fisheries: Pilbara Fish Trawl (Interim) Managed Fishery, Pilbara Trap Managed Fishery, and the Pilbara Line Fishery.
• The PDSR is a key ‘food bowl’ for Western Australia, supplying the local market with about 2,500 tonnes of demersal scalefish annually.
• The PDSR provides unique and valuable recreational fishing opportunities at locations such as …

Fisheries Science Update - Spanish Mackerel - November 2023, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Fisheries Science Updates

Key Points: 2023 stock assessment:

• The statewide large pelagic finfish resource (SWLPR) is distributed throughout Western Australia (WA) and includes a range of tropical and temperate pelagic species.
• Spanish mackerel is an indicator species for the SWLPR.
• The latest stock assessment provides a ‘health check” on the status of WA Spanish mackerel statewide and in each management region.
• The 2023 stock assessment shows WA Spanish mackerel remains sustainable with some concerns in the Pilbara region.
• Current management measures are expected to maintain WA Spanish mackerel at an acceptable level outside the Pilbara region.
• The next Spanish Mackerel stock assessment is …

Incorporation Of Probiotics And Other Functional Ingredients In Dairy Fat-Rich Products: Benefits, Challenges, And Opportunities, Kritika Gaba, Sanjeev Anand

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

This review focuses on the potential opportunities to incorporate functional ingredients like probiotics in the dairy fat-rich matrix to develop functional foods. Many dietary guidelines and the relevant literature have in general indicated many benefits of consuming milk-fat-rich products for the human body. Milk fat contains essential nutrients, including fat-soluble vitamins; short-, medium-, and long-chain with odd and branched chain fatty acids; essential amino acids; and calcium, which are all known for their bioactive properties. In addition, the incorporation of probiotics, which are known for their bioactive properties, could further enhance the products’ attributes. However, direct probiotic addition is known …

Impact Of Transglutaminase Treated Micellar Casein Concentrate And Milk Protein Concentrate On The Functionality Of Processed Cheese Product Slice Formulations, Prafulla Salunke, Lloyd E. Metzger

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

Milk protein concentrate (MPC) is used as an ingredient in processed cheese product (PCP) formulations. However, its use can result in texture defects such as a soft body and restricted melting characteristics. The use of micellar casein concentrate (MCC), which has a higher level of casein and less serum protein, improves the texture of PCP. Further improvement in PCP products may be possible using transglutaminase (TGase), an enzyme that can crosslink proteins. This study aimed to determine the effect of TGase treatment of MPC and MCC retentates on the functionality of MPC and MCC when used in a PCP slice …

Grazing Stubbles And Dry Pasture, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Dry pastures in Western Australia provide good early feed after senescence but rapidly become unable to maintain stock. Stubbles are the major feed source for sheep during the summer-autumn period.

While there is often up to three tonnes of dry plant material per hectare available, sheep grazing stubbles eat only about 6% of it. With increased harvesting efficiency and better weed control, stubble paddocks now generally contain less grain and fewer weeds than in the past.

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Tyee Sucker (Catostomus Tsiltcoosensis), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Tyee sucker (Catostomus tsiltcoosensis) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Editorial: Respiratory Microbiome In Health And Disease, Yimin Zhuang, Tao Ding, Jiangchao Zhao, Jianmin Chai

Animal Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Editorial on the Research Topic:

Respiratory microbiome in health and disease

The Spatial Dissimilarities And Connections Of The Microbiota In The Upper And Lower Respiratory Tract Of Beef Cattle, Zhihao Zhang, Chengqian Zhang, Yikai Zhong, Shuli Yang, Feilong Deng, Ying Li, Jianmin Chai

Animal Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes morbidity and mortality in cattle. The critical roles of the respiratory microbiota in BRD have been widely studied. The nasopharynx was the most popular sampling niche for BRD pathogen studies. The oral cavity and other niches within the respiratory tract, such as nostrils and lung, are less assessed. In this study, oropharyngeal swabs (OS), nasal swabs (NS), nasopharyngeal swabs (NP), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected from calves located in four countries and analyzed for investigation of the dissimilarities and connections of the respiratory microbiota. The results showed that the microbial diversity, structure, and composition …

Characterizing The Impact Of Enterococcus Cecorum Infection During Late Embryogenesis On Disease Progression, Cecal Microbiome Composition, And Early Performance In Broiler Chickens, Marcela Arango, Aaron Forga, Jing Liu, Latasha Gray, Randy Moore, Makenly E. Coles, Abdiel Atencio, Carolina Trujillo, Juan David Latorre, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Billy Hargis, Danielle Graham

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Enterococcus cecorum (EC) has been associated with septicemia and early mortality in broiler chickens. There is limited research investigating the pathogenicity of EC field strains obtained from affected birds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of in-ovo administration into the amnion with different EC field isolates at d 18 of embryogenesis (DOE18). In Exp 1, 7 EC field isolates alone or in combination (EC1–EC3, EC4–EC5, EC6, and EC7) were selected based on phenotypic characteristics and evaluated at different concentrations (1 × 10², 1 × 10⁴, and 1 × …

Yellowtail Snapper, Abigayle Groth, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

Interactive Effects Of Increased Nestbox Temperature And Vitamin E On Nestling Growth Are Attenuated By Plasticity In Female Incubation Effort, Paige A. Duncan, Ashley M. Tauber, Scott K. Sakaluk, Charles F. Thompson

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

In recent years, temperatures have increased globally, and nestlings of many bird species are likely regularly exposed to increased temperatures both pre- and post-natally. Even small increases in nest temperature during incubation affect offspring growth and survival in a variety of species, one cause of which is thought to be increased production of pro-oxidants in embryos and nestlings. Defences marshalled in response to this oxidative stress could, in turn, result in trade-offs that lead to reduced survival or growth. If so, any downstream negative effects on nestlings of increased ambient temperatures during incubation could be counteracted by increasing their antioxidant …

Tame The Flame: Inflammation Is A Targetable Physiological Mechanism Underlying Poor Outcomes Of Heat Stress In Finishing Sheep, Pablo C. Grijalva

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

This research focused on health management through the identification of suitable interventions in stressed livestock. For this investigation, we conducted two experiments. First, we determined whether administration of dexamethasone or fish oil to heat-stressed livestock to reduce systemic inflammation would mitigate metabolic deficits, enhance nutrient utilization, and improve health. We found that these interventions helped to reduce circulating inflammatory cytokines and improve respiration, muscle glucose metabolism, lipid homeostasis, cardiovascular function, and organ pathology in lambs exposed to 30 days of heat stress. In our second experiment, we performed transcriptomic analyses to identify the underlying mechanisms affecting young offspring following prenatal …

An Amplification-Free Crispr-Sers Biosensor For Specific, Sensitive And Rapid Detection Of Salmonella Typhimurium In Poultry, Fei Jia, Bingyan Li, Yawen He, Yafang Shen, Juhong Chen, Xingmin Li, Yanbin Li

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) has been a cutting-edge biotechnology in both gene editing and biosensing due to its desirable features, such as high base resolution and set-and-forget operation. However, as a nucleic acid detection method, an DNA/RNA amplification procedure is still inevitable in CRISPR biosensors. In this study, a highly-ordered nanopore array SERS substrate, coated with silver nanoparticles, was fabricated and utilized as a platform for the specific detection of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) without the time-consuming DNA amplification step. The smart sensing strategy was established by introducing an ssDNA labeled with a Raman active molecule …

Precipitation And Greenness In Pastoral Lands Of East Turkana, Kenya, Paul Akpejeluh

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Pastoralism has long supported livelihoods and provided essential ecosystem services in landscapes of East Africa. Vegetation productivity is central to the functioning of pastoral systems but may be affected by changes in climate and landuse. Vegetation monitoring is important for understanding the effects of global change in pastoral lands; however, it can be time and resource intensive. Remote sensing provides opportunities for efficient multi-scale monitoring of vegetation and climatic drivers. In this thesis, I explore the utility of satellite and UAV remote sensing for monitoring vegetation and precipitation trends and relationships in the East of Lake Turkana Region of northern …

The Impacts Of Embryo Development And Asynchronous Hatching On Morphology, Growth, And Development Of Larval Burbot (Lota Lota)., Andrew J. Shapiro

All NMU Master's Theses

Burbot (Lota lota) are native fish in Lake Superior and typically spawn during the winter under the ice or by migrating up rivers. The early life history of larval burbot, where they dispurse, how fast they develop, and what their survival rates have not been extensively studied. Asynchronous hatching is a strategy used by other cod species as a bet-hedging strategy to ensure that some larvae are hatched in more advantageous conditions in a varying environment. Asynchronous hatching has been documented in burbot, but the extent of the period and the impacts that asynchrony has on the development of …

Gene Variants In Bola-Dmb, Decr1, Fasn And Srebf1 Associated With Conceptus Death On Day 16 Of Pregnancy In Holstein Cows [Abstract], Carolina L. Gonzalez-Berrios, Courtney Bowden, Pablo J. Pinedo, Jeanette V. Bishop, Hana Van Campen, Thomas R. R. Hansen, Milton G. Thomas

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Investigating the influences of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with conceptus death (CD) on day 16 of pregnancy could distinguish cows who have inferior value for fertility traits. We hypothesized that CD is associated with SNP genotypes that disrupt maternal recognition and lead to early pregnancy loss. RNA sequences from Holstein cow pregnancies (n = 15) with normal conceptuses (Norm) or CD were subjected to SNP discovery via Qiagen CLC Genomics Workbench. Selected SNP were based on previous fertility studies, differentially expressed genes within pregnancy development analyses and proximity to SNP associated with fertility traits in the Cattle QTL …

Innovative Approaches To Poultry Processing Wastewater Treatment: The Stainless Steel Ultrafiltration Membrane As A Viable Option, Saubana Olorunrola Dada, Chidambaram Thamariselvan, Mahmood Jebur, Sumith Ranil Wickramasinghe

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In pursuit of sustainability, we explored replacing conventional dissolved air floatation (DAF) in poultry processing wastewater (PPW) treatment with a precisely tuned 0.02 µm stainless-steel ultrafiltration (SSUF) membrane. SSUF is a robust, homogenously porous membrane with strong chemical resistance, ease of cleaning, and exceptional resistance to organic fouling. Unlike polymeric membranes, it can be regenerated multiple times, making it a cost-effective choice due to its compatibility with harsh chemical cleaning. The PPW used for the study was untreated wastewater from all processing units and post-initial screening. Our study revealed the SSUF membrane’s exceptional efficiency at eliminating contaminants. It achieved an …

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Tahoe Sucker (Catostomus Tahoensis), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Tahoe sucker (Catostomus tahoensis) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.

Students' Attitudes Towards Animals Influences Youth Development Constructs Based On Interactions With Different Animal Species Prior To College, Allison K. Pachunka

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Human-animal interactions (HAI) are commonplace in society and play a consequential role in a variety of situations such as companion animal ownership, agriculture, or youth programs such as 4-H or FFA. Interacting with animals has been shown to provide developmental benefits to children. Positive youth development (PYD), measured by the Five Cs Model, is a framework that focuses on fostering youth’s potential through positive activities which has been studied specifically in 4-H. However, this framework has not been applied to other organizations such as the National FFA Organization (FFA) or to other young adults with less formal interactions with animals. …

The Effects Of Early Rearing Experiences On Mutual Eye Gaze Among Captive Olive Baboons (Papio Anubis), Angela M. Achorn, Michele M. Mulholland, William D. Hopkins

Anthropology Faculty Publications

Among human and nonhuman primates, mutual eye gaze (MEG) and gaze following are believed to be important for social cognition and communicative signaling. The goals of this study were to examine how early rearing experiences contribute to individual variation in MEG and to examine the potential role of genetic factors underlying this variation. Subjects included 93 female and 23 male baboons (Papio anubis) ranging from 3 to 20 years of age. Within the sample, there were 55 mother-reared (MR) and 61 nursery-reared (NR) baboons. MEG was assessed in four 60-s test sessions. For each session, the duration, frequency, and bout …

An Analysis Of Plant Response To Herbivory, Lawrence Gustavo Seminario-Romero

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Herbivory is often believed to always negatively affect the growth of plants, but there are plant species that can actually benefit from being consumed by herbivores. These plants have a phenotypic trait known as “compensatory growth.” A plant that exhibits compensatory growth is able to increase its intrinsic growth rate as a response to taking damage caused by herbivory, and as a result, produce more biomass. Very few mathematical models used to describe plant-herbivore interactions have accounted for plant compensatory growth. Moreover, these models tend to assume that herbivores follow a Holling type II functional response, which may not necessarily …

It’S All About Fishing: Robert Ellis Jenkins (1940-2023) And His Life Among Freshwater Fishes Of Virginia And The Redhorse Suckers, Eric J. Hilton

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

Robert (Bob) Ellis Jenkins passed away in Salem, Virginia, on Wednesday, July 12, 2023. Bob was born February 9, 1940 in Brooklyn, New York. As a child, Bob took an early interest in natural history, and was a particularly avid fisherman. He attended Roanoke College (Salem, VA) as an undergraduate and entered into a Masters degree program at Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA), only to leave before finishing for a position at the NOAA Systematics Lab based at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. He eventually became faculty at his alma mater, Roanoke College, where he would spend virtually …

Skin Lipids Alone Enable Conspecific Tracking In An Invasive Reptile, The Argentine Black And White Tegu Lizard (Salvator Merianae), M. Rockwell Parker, Eric A. Tillman, Lauren A. Nazarian, Megan L. Barlowe, Julianna M. Lincoln, Bryan M. Kluever

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Locating potential mates in non-native habitats is one of the most important challenges faced by invasive vertebrate species. The Argentine black and white tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) is a major invasive reptile species in the contiguous United States and is rapidly expanding its range across Florida and the Southeast, in part due to inadequate management strategies and tools. Because a wide array of reptiles, especially squamates (snakes and lizards), have been well-studied for their reliance on chemical cues to locate conspecifics, our project aimed to isolate chemical cues from tegus and assess the ability of adult males and …