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2023

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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 1258

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Quantifying Antarctic Krill Connectivity Across The West Antarctic Peninsula And Its Role In Large-Scale Pygoscelis Penguin Population Dynamics, Katherine L. Gallagher, Michael S. Dinniman, Heather J. Lynch Jan 2023

Quantifying Antarctic Krill Connectivity Across The West Antarctic Peninsula And Its Role In Large-Scale Pygoscelis Penguin Population Dynamics, Katherine L. Gallagher, Michael S. Dinniman, Heather J. Lynch

CCPO Publications

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are considered a keystone species for higher trophic level predators along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during the austral summer. The connectivity of krill may play a critical role in predator biogeography, especially for central-place foragers such as the Pygoscelis spp. penguins that breed along the WAP during the austral summer. Antarctic krill are also heavily fished commercially; therefore, understanding population connectivity of krill is critical to effective management. Here, we used a physical ocean model to examine adult krill connectivity in this region using simulated krill with realistic diel vertical migration behaviors across …

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Lifetime Inclusive Fitness Effects Of Cooperative Polygamy In The Acorn Woodpecker, Walter D. Koenig, Sahas Barve, Joseph Haydock, Eric L. Walters Jan 2023

Lifetime Inclusive Fitness Effects Of Cooperative Polygamy In The Acorn Woodpecker, Walter D. Koenig, Sahas Barve, Joseph Haydock, Eric L. Walters

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Although over 50 y have passed since W. D. Hamilton articulated kin selection and inclusive fitness as evolutionary explanations for altruistic behavior, quantifying inclusive fitness continues to be challenging. Here, using 30 y of data and two alternative methods, we outline an approach to measure lifetime inclusive fitness effects of cooperative polygamy (mate-sharing or cobreeding) in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus. For both sexes, the number of offspring (observed direct fitness) declined while the number of young parented by related cobreeders (observed indirect fitness effect) increased with cobreeding coalition size. Combining these two factors, the observed inclusive …

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Estimating The Distribution Of Oryzomys Palustris, A Potential Key Host In Expanding Rickettsial Tick-Borne Disease Risk, Catherine A. Lippi, Samuel Canfield, Christina Espada, Holly D. Gaff, Sadie J. Ryan Jan 2023

Estimating The Distribution Of Oryzomys Palustris, A Potential Key Host In Expanding Rickettsial Tick-Borne Disease Risk, Catherine A. Lippi, Samuel Canfield, Christina Espada, Holly D. Gaff, Sadie J. Ryan

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Increasingly, geographic approaches to assessing the risk of tick-borne diseases are being used to inform public health decision-making and surveillance efforts. The distributions of key tick species of medical importance are often modeled as a function of environmental factors, using niche modeling approaches to capture habitat suitability. However, this is often disconnected from the potential distribution of key host species, which may play an important role in the actual transmission cycle and risk potential in expanding tick-borne disease risk. Using species distribution modeling, we explore the potential geographic range of Oryzomys palustris, the marsh rice rat, which has been …

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Effects Of Duckweed On Mosquito Oviposition And Larval Survivorship, Alyssa Gushka Jan 2023

Effects Of Duckweed On Mosquito Oviposition And Larval Survivorship, Alyssa Gushka

Capstone Showcase

Invasive species are those non-natives to habitat and that negatively impact the environment or human health problems. Invasive mosquitoes threaten the environment and humans, as they transmit 17% of infectious diseases including malaria, West Nile virus and yellow fever. Aedes japonicas and Aedes albopictus are invasive mosquitoes that often deposit eggs in artificial containers. Chemical pesticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTI), utilizes endospores to release toxins into the larvae. However, BTI creates negative consequences for the environment and other species. Many plants are being examined to see if they can act as natural pesticides. Duckweeds are native to North …

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Effects Of Social Context On Salivary Cortisol And Attention In Tufted Capuchins (Cebus [Sapajus] Apella), Andrew Desana Jan 2023

Effects Of Social Context On Salivary Cortisol And Attention In Tufted Capuchins (Cebus [Sapajus] Apella), Andrew Desana

Master’s Theses

Social context alters cognitive performance, but the mechanisms for this remain unclear. One possibility is that stressors associated with social contexts mediate changes in cognitive performance by influencing attention. We conducted two experiments to investigate how social context affects performance on an attention task in capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella). We additionally validated and measured physiological stress through salivary cortisol. In experiment one, capuchins were exposed to three conditions where they were either isolated or paired with an affiliative or agonistic social partner separated by a barrier. In experiment two, subjects received affiliative and agonistic conditions without barriers to allow …

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Relationships Between Behavior, Energy Metabolites, And Corticosterone In Black-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa Tridactyla) Nestlings, Sierra Pete Jan 2023

Relationships Between Behavior, Energy Metabolites, And Corticosterone In Black-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa Tridactyla) Nestlings, Sierra Pete

Master’s Theses

Birds can cope with energy-shifting challenges by redirecting energy and behavior to maintain energetic homeostasis. Nestlings allocate energy to support their rapid growth and developmental period; thus, their challenges and the subsequent energetic demands can be much different than an adult. At a baseline level, energy is constantly shifting in response to regularly occurring challenges; however, more substantial challenges can initiate the production of glucocorticoid hormones. In birds, the main glucocorticoid is corticosterone. Corticosterone is believed to aid in energy homeostasis by redirecting energy metabolite mobilization. Energy metabolites are intermediaries or end products of cellular metabolism, thus, metabolites like glucose …

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Amphisbaenian Head Movement And Burrowing Forces In Damp Granular Media, Jacob Newell Jan 2023

Amphisbaenian Head Movement And Burrowing Forces In Damp Granular Media, Jacob Newell

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Damp granular media is a difficult environment to study because it is both practically complex and it lacks equations which fully describe its behavior. In this study, an oscillatory lateral head movement and its effects while penetrating damp granular media were tested using a robophysical model. This experimental research was inspired by the burrowing behavior of the clade Amphisbaenia, a group of usually limbless squamates that employ a variety of different burrowing behaviors, but it can apply to a wide range of burrowers. This research could help with both human burrowing technologies and the further investigation of animal behaviors.

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Lethal And Sublethal Effects Of Exposure To Roundup 360 Plus For The Chaoborus Flavicans Larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae), Zbigniew Adamski, Aleksandra Dziegelewska, Paulina Jakubiak, Piotr Klimaszyk Jan 2023

Lethal And Sublethal Effects Of Exposure To Roundup 360 Plus For The Chaoborus Flavicans Larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae), Zbigniew Adamski, Aleksandra Dziegelewska, Paulina Jakubiak, Piotr Klimaszyk

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The lethal and sublethal effects of Roundup (active substance glyphosate herbicide on phantom midge (Chaoborus flavicans, Meigen, 1830) larvae were checked in the range of concentrations from 20 to 2000 μg/L, in the five-day long tests. The herbicide caused the mortality of insects, with the LC$_{50}$ values ranging from 357.2 to 120.9 μg of glyphosate/L, for one and five days, respectively. The correlation coefficient >0.9 indicated a strong positive correlation between the concentration of Roundup in water and the mortality of C. flavicans. Also, the LT50 values indicate the toxic activity of the herbicide for the larvae. …

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Genotoxic Effects Of Oxyclozanide On Hemocytes Of Galleria Mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae, Ci̇hat Çeli̇k, David Stanley, Ender Büyükgüzel Jan 2023

Genotoxic Effects Of Oxyclozanide On Hemocytes Of Galleria Mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae, Ci̇hat Çeli̇k, David Stanley, Ender Büyükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Oxyclozanide is a salicylanilide derivative anthelmintic drug with a well-known effect on parasites that cause infections in humans and animals. In this study, the effect of oxyclozanide on DNA damage in hemocytes of Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae, which has been used as a model organism in many fields, was investigated. Hemolymph was collected from the last instar larvae (7th instar) reared on artificial diets containing oxyclozanide at different concentrations (0.003%, 0.03%, 0.3%, and 1.5%) under laboratory conditions and then hemocytes suspension was prepared. Genotoxic damage in hemocytes was determined by the comet assay which enables microscopically detecting DNA …

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Molecular Phylogenetics Of Aedes Aegypti (L., 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) In Eastern Black Sea Area Of Turkey And Possible Relations With The Caucasian Invasion, Murat Öztürk, Muhammet Mustafa Akiner Jan 2023

Molecular Phylogenetics Of Aedes Aegypti (L., 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) In Eastern Black Sea Area Of Turkey And Possible Relations With The Caucasian Invasion, Murat Öztürk, Muhammet Mustafa Akiner

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) is an important pest for human health. It vectors many diseases, including yellow fever (YF), dengue (DENV), and chikungunya (CHIKV). This species has invaded numerous countries including Balkan and Caucasian countries few past decades. The established populations of species were found in Turkey in 2015. We investigated the genetic variation, molecular phylogenetics, and differences between samples from Turkey and Georgia using four mitochondrial and one genomic DNA markers. The possible origin of the species was determined separately for each gene region using maximum likelihood trees. The ML analysis showed a close relation with the …

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Fauna And Distribution Of Algerian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), Khalida Djouama, Santiago Bordera Jan 2023

Fauna And Distribution Of Algerian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), Khalida Djouama, Santiago Bordera

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In the present paper, 14 species of Ichneumonidae collected in Biskra region (Algeria) are reported. The species Trathala hierochontica (Schmiedeknecht, 1910), Diplazon laetatorius Fabricius, 1781, Ophion obscuratus Fabricius, 1798, Enicospilus tournieri (Vollenhoven, 1879), Dichrogaster schimitcheki (Fahringer, 1935), Dichrogaster longicaudata (Thomson, 1884), Gelis imitatus (Schwarz, 2016) and Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst, 1829) are reported as new records for the Algerian fauna.

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Does Euphrates Softshell Turtle Nest In Unfavourable Substratum? Description Of Nests From Euphrates River, Türkiye, Yusuf Bayrakci Jan 2023

Does Euphrates Softshell Turtle Nest In Unfavourable Substratum? Description Of Nests From Euphrates River, Türkiye, Yusuf Bayrakci

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Nest site selection differs among species based on a characteristic crucial to the embryo's survival. The identified nest-site characteristics of the Euphrates softshell turtle highlight that these turtles, like their other soft-shelled relatives, highly prefer the sandy substrate, even pure sand, to nest. However, alteration and loss of natural habitats for many decades limited the suitable oviposition sites along the Euphrates River. This study presents the uncharacteristic nest-site choice and the nesting time of Euphrates softshell turtle for the first time. I discovered four nests, as well as six unhatched eggs in a nest on 20 August 2017. This discovery …

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Interactions Between Environmental Factors And The Mesozooplankton Community From The Romanian Black Sea Waters, Elena Bisinicu, George-Emanuel Harcota, Luminita Lazar Jan 2023

Interactions Between Environmental Factors And The Mesozooplankton Community From The Romanian Black Sea Waters, Elena Bisinicu, George-Emanuel Harcota, Luminita Lazar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The aim of the study was to trace the influence of several abiotic factors on the distribution of the mesozooplankton community from the Black Sea. Sampling was performed in cold and warm seasons of 2013-2020, from stations located on the three sectors of the Romanian Black Sea coast (northern-N, central-C, and southern-S). After determining the species composition, abundance, and biomass, the results were subjected to statistical analysis. A total of 25 taxa were identified, Copepoda representing the bulk of the community. The analysis of the main components explains, through the first two identified factors-temperature and salinity, the variation of environmental …

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Length-Weight Relationships And Relative Condition Factors Of Three Coral-Associated Lutjanus Species From Terengganu Waters Of The South China Sea, Malaysia, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Nur Asma Ariffin, Ying Giat Seah, Tun Nurul Aimi Mat Jaafar, Ahasan Habib Jan 2023

Length-Weight Relationships And Relative Condition Factors Of Three Coral-Associated Lutjanus Species From Terengganu Waters Of The South China Sea, Malaysia, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Nur Asma Ariffin, Ying Giat Seah, Tun Nurul Aimi Mat Jaafar, Ahasan Habib

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present study offers the first report of length-weight relationships (LWRs) and relative condition factor (K$_{n}$) of coralassociated snapper fishes namely: Lutjanus johnii, L. quinquelineatus, and L. xanthopinnis collected from Pulau Kambing fish landing port, Terengganu waters of South China Sea, Malaysia. This study also offers a new maximum total length of 26.8 cm (standard length of 21.3 cm) for L. xanthopinnis. A total of 861 specimens were collected monthly from March 2022 to February 2023 that were caught by using different types of fishing gear such as gill nets (mesh size 45-48 mm), hooks (numbers 9-12), and …

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Ecomorphological Patterns And Shape Indices Of Otoliths In The Pagellus Acarne (Actinopterygii, Sparidae) From The Aegean And Marmara Seas, Serdar Yedi̇er, Seda Kontaş Yalçinkaya, Di̇lek Türker, Derya Bostanci Jan 2023

Ecomorphological Patterns And Shape Indices Of Otoliths In The Pagellus Acarne (Actinopterygii, Sparidae) From The Aegean And Marmara Seas, Serdar Yedi̇er, Seda Kontaş Yalçinkaya, Di̇lek Türker, Derya Bostanci

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Pagellus acarne is found in coastal waters worldwide and it includes important species of commercial and recreational fisheries. In this study, 16 morphometric variables of the sagittal otolith, including six morphometric characters, six shape indices, and four ecomorphological indexes, were investigated for the first time among P. acarne stocks collected from the Aegean and Marmara Seas coasts of Turkey. Statistically significant differences were found between the right and left otolith variables of P. acarne individuals in both stocks (p < 0.05). Similarly, significant differences were observed on the same side between stocks (p < 0.05). The right otoliths exhibited higher discrimination power than the left within the two stocks. The PCA showed that only five (31.25%) (otolith area, otolith perimeter, form factor, roundness, and edge complexity index) out of the sixteen variables were quite important characters in the differentiation between stocks. These otolith characters demonstrated a very high rate of accurate discrimination (99.0%) between stocks. The results indicated otolith morphometric characters, shape indices, and ecomorphological indexes can be used as suitable tools to discriminate P. acarne stocks. This is the first study to include all otolith characters such as morphometrics, shape, and ecomorphological indices that …

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Ecological Factors Influencing The Breeding Performance Of Great Tits (Parus Major) In Artificial Nest Boxes, Dong-Ho Lee, Jae-Kang Lee, Tae-Kyung Eom, Ho-Kyoung Bae, Hyeongyu Ko, Shin-Jae Rhim Jan 2023

Ecological Factors Influencing The Breeding Performance Of Great Tits (Parus Major) In Artificial Nest Boxes, Dong-Ho Lee, Jae-Kang Lee, Tae-Kyung Eom, Ho-Kyoung Bae, Hyeongyu Ko, Shin-Jae Rhim

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Installing an artificial nest box has a positive effect on the cavity nesters such as great tit (Parus major). Beyond the process of installing an artificial nest box, a study on the effect of ecological factors on breeding performance is necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate the ecological factors influencing breeding performance of great tits (Parus major) in artificial nest boxes in temperate mixed forests. In this study, the first egg-laying date and percentage of shrub were closely related among ecological factors. Variable influencing clutch size was date of first egg-laying date. Percentage of shrub …

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The Red-Footed Falcon Falco Vespertinus Population In The Danube Delta And Its Habitat Selection For Breeding, Lucian-Eugen Bolboaca, Alexandru-Catalin Dorosencu, Mihai Marinov, Marta Peraita, Maxym Yakovliev, Vasile Alexe Jan 2023

The Red-Footed Falcon Falco Vespertinus Population In The Danube Delta And Its Habitat Selection For Breeding, Lucian-Eugen Bolboaca, Alexandru-Catalin Dorosencu, Mihai Marinov, Marta Peraita, Maxym Yakovliev, Vasile Alexe

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Danube Delta is an atypical and complex ecosystem on the border of the slowly shrinking breeding distribution of Falco vespertinus. In this paper, we study the population that breeds in this area and intend to understand its relationship with the environment in these circumstances. We registered 231 breeding pairs (bp), with a local density of 0.034 bp/km$^{2}$. We made a Nearest Neighbour Analysis which confirmed the natural condition of the facultative colonial nesting character of this species. In addition, in order to study its habitat preferences for nesting we did a binary logistic regression model and complemented its …

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Population Abundance And Growth Parameters Of An Exotic Bivalve Species, Anadara Kagoshimensis, In The Southwestern Black Sea, Murat Dağteki̇n, Göktuğ Dalgiç, Murat Erbay, İlkay Özcan Akpinar, Mehmet Aydin, Süleyman Özdemi̇r, Ayşe Cebeci̇, Sedat Karayücel Jan 2023

Population Abundance And Growth Parameters Of An Exotic Bivalve Species, Anadara Kagoshimensis, In The Southwestern Black Sea, Murat Dağteki̇n, Göktuğ Dalgiç, Murat Erbay, İlkay Özcan Akpinar, Mehmet Aydin, Süleyman Özdemi̇r, Ayşe Cebeci̇, Sedat Karayücel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Blood cockle (Anadara kagoshimensis) is an Indo-Pacific species that later entered the Black Sea. The abundance of A. kagoshimensis, which is not subjected to commercial fishing, is important in terms of food competition with other bivalvia species. Baby clam (Chamelea gallina) together with the A. kagoshimensis are dominant bivalve species found in the sandy and muddy areas off the coastal waters of the Black Sea. In this study, specimens of A. kagoshimensis have been recognized by morphological analysis and also confirmed by molecular characterization. Furthermore, the abundance and growth parameters of A. kagoshimensis were investigated in the …

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Diversity Rhythm In Pontellid Copepods (Pontellidae: Copepoda) From The Covelong Coast Pre- And Post-Covid-19 Lockdown, Bay Of Bengal, Md Anwar Nawaz, Sivakumar Kandhasamy, Baskar Gurunathan, Vijayaraj Radha Jan 2023

Diversity Rhythm In Pontellid Copepods (Pontellidae: Copepoda) From The Covelong Coast Pre- And Post-Covid-19 Lockdown, Bay Of Bengal, Md Anwar Nawaz, Sivakumar Kandhasamy, Baskar Gurunathan, Vijayaraj Radha

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Copepods act as indicators of the aquatic ecosystem since they rapidly respond to changes in nutrient content of the environment. Plankton samples were collected for two years from the Covelong coast, India (January to December 2019 and January to December 2021). The diversity patterns of pontellid copepods before and after the COVID-19 lockdown were analyzed. Physicochemical parameters like temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, calcium, magnesium, nitrite, phosphate, and ammonia level for both years were measured to compare and contrast the coastal health before and after the lockdown. Six species of pontellid copepods were reported before the lockdown period and 10 …

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A New Amphipod From The Depths Of The Morca Sinkhole (Anamur, Türkiye): Gammarus Morcae N. Sp. (Amphipoda: Gammaridae), With Notes On Cavernicolous Amphipods Of Türkiye, Murat Özbek, Gökhan Aydin Jan 2023

A New Amphipod From The Depths Of The Morca Sinkhole (Anamur, Türkiye): Gammarus Morcae N. Sp. (Amphipoda: Gammaridae), With Notes On Cavernicolous Amphipods Of Türkiye, Murat Özbek, Gökhan Aydin

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A new Gammarus species is identified based on the specimens collected from the Morca Sinkhole, which was discovered in 2019 in Anamur District, South of Türkiye. Eleven individuals belonging to the newly identified species were collected from the siphon located at the end of the sinkhole (-1260 m). The newly identified species can be distinguished by the following character combinations and morphological features: blind, colorless (unpigmented) and completely setae-covered body. Setae are not only on the surfaces of the meta- and mesosome segments, they are also present on the head, coxal + epimeral plates, and basal segments of the pereopods …

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Phytase Supplemented Diets Do Not Reduce The Abundance Of Cyanobacteria And Common Offflavor Compounds In Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone Chrysops X M. Saxatilis) Aquaculture Ponds, Kevin K. Schrader, Bartholmew W. Green, Steven D. Rawles, Matthew E. Mcentire Jan 2023

Phytase Supplemented Diets Do Not Reduce The Abundance Of Cyanobacteria And Common Offflavor Compounds In Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone Chrysops X M. Saxatilis) Aquaculture Ponds, Kevin K. Schrader, Bartholmew W. Green, Steven D. Rawles, Matthew E. Mcentire

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Freshwater fish grown in earthen ponds in the southeastern United States can acquire “earthy” and “musty” taints due to the bioaccumulation of the cyanobacteria metabolites geosmin and 2-methyisoborneol (MIB) in the fish flesh and result in unmarketable fish. Dense cyanobacteria communities occur because nutrient inputs (phosphorus) are high in fish production ponds due to high feed application rates. In this study, hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) grown in earthen ponds was offered one of the six diets including diets supplemented with phytase to reduce phosphorus input to the pond and the subsequent intention of …

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Performance Of Phytase-Treated Fishmeal-Free And All-Plant Protein Diets In Pond Production Of Market Sized Hybrid Striped Bass, Bartholomew W. Green, Steven D. Rawles, T. Gibson Gaylord, Kevin K. Schrader, Matthew E. Mcentire, Carl D. Webster Jan 2023

Performance Of Phytase-Treated Fishmeal-Free And All-Plant Protein Diets In Pond Production Of Market Sized Hybrid Striped Bass, Bartholomew W. Green, Steven D. Rawles, T. Gibson Gaylord, Kevin K. Schrader, Matthew E. Mcentire, Carl D. Webster

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We determined if ideal protein (IP) fishmeal-free (FMF) or all-plant protein (PP) diets of available ingredients satisfied production needs of hybrid striped bass (HSB; Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) grown to market size in ponds managed according to industry practices, and if phytase (Phy) superdosing (20,000 FTUs) could alleviate inorganic phosphorus supplementation. An off-the-shelf commercial feed (COM), an IP control diet containing 16% fishmeal (FM), and four IP test diets with or without phytase superdosing (FMF, FMF + Phy, PP, PP + Phy) were evaluated. Inorganic phosphorus was excluded from phytase treated diets. Hybrid striped bass (averaging 344 …

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Demographic And Functional Responses Of Kit Foxes To Changes In Prey Abundance, Ashley E. Hodge, Eric M. Gese, Bryan M. Kluever Jan 2023

Demographic And Functional Responses Of Kit Foxes To Changes In Prey Abundance, Ashley E. Hodge, Eric M. Gese, Bryan M. Kluever

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Many carnivores exhibit demographic and functional responses to changes in prey abundance. Demographic responses often include changes in population size, litter size, and recruitment of young into the adult population. Functional feeding responses are commonly reported for many carnivore species. We investigated demographic and functional responses of kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888) to changes in prey abundance during 2010–2013 in western Utah, USA. Between 2010 and 2013, litter size averaged 3.9 (±1.4) pups/litter. Survival rates of kit fox pups were 0.07, 0.01, 0.46, and 0.16, respectively, and there was a correlation between pup survival rates and rodent abundance; …

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Defining County-Level Terrestrial Rabies Freedom Using The Us National Rabies Surveillance System: Surveillance Data Analysis, Amber Kunkel, Gabriella Veytsel, Sarah C. Bonaparte, Haillie Meek, Xiaoyue Ma, Amy J. Davis, Jesse Bonwitt, Ryan M. Wallace Jan 2023

Defining County-Level Terrestrial Rabies Freedom Using The Us National Rabies Surveillance System: Surveillance Data Analysis, Amber Kunkel, Gabriella Veytsel, Sarah C. Bonaparte, Haillie Meek, Xiaoyue Ma, Amy J. Davis, Jesse Bonwitt, Ryan M. Wallace

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Background: Rabies is a deadly zoonotic disease with nearly 100% fatality rate. In the United States, rabies virus persists in wildlife reservoirs, with occasional spillover into humans and domestic animals. The distribution of reservoir hosts in US counties plays an important role in public health decision-making, including the recommendation of lifesaving postexposure prophylaxis upon suspected rabies exposures. Furthermore, in surveillance data, it is difficult to discern whether counties have no cases reported because rabies was not present or because counties have an unreported rabies presence. These epizootics are monitored by the National Rabies Surveillance System (NRSS), to which approximately 130 …

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Comparison Of An Antioxidant Source And Antioxidant Plus Bcaa On Athletic Performance And Post Exercise Recovery Of Horses, Emily Kent, Stephen J. Coloman, Jason E. Bruemmer, Renan Regatieri Casagrande, Christine Levihn, Grace Romo, Kevin Herkelman, Tanja Hess Jan 2023

Comparison Of An Antioxidant Source And Antioxidant Plus Bcaa On Athletic Performance And Post Exercise Recovery Of Horses, Emily Kent, Stephen J. Coloman, Jason E. Bruemmer, Renan Regatieri Casagrande, Christine Levihn, Grace Romo, Kevin Herkelman, Tanja Hess

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Antioxidant supplementation decreases postexercise oxidative stress but could also decrease muscle pro- tein synthesis. This study compared the effects of three diets: low antioxidant (control, CON), high an- tioxidant (AO), and branched-chain amino acid high antioxidant (BCAO) supplementation on postexercise protein synthesis and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that supplementing antioxidants with branched- chain amino acids(BCAA) would reduce oxidative stress without hindering muscle protein synthesis. Eigh- teen mixed-breed polo horses (11 mares and 7 geldings, with age range between 5 and 18 years, were on CON diet for 30 days (from day -45 until day 0) and then were assigned to …

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Deriving Spatially Explicit Direct And Indirect Interaction Networks From Animal Movement Data, Anni Yang, Mark Q. Wilber, Kezia R. Manlove, Ryan S. Miller, Raoul Boughton, James Beasley, Joseph Northrup, Kurt C. Vercauteren, George Wittemyer, Kim Pepin Jan 2023

Deriving Spatially Explicit Direct And Indirect Interaction Networks From Animal Movement Data, Anni Yang, Mark Q. Wilber, Kezia R. Manlove, Ryan S. Miller, Raoul Boughton, James Beasley, Joseph Northrup, Kurt C. Vercauteren, George Wittemyer, Kim Pepin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Quantifying spatiotemporally explicit interactions within animal populations facilitates the understanding of social structure and its relationship with ecological processes. Data from animal tracking technologies (Global Positioning Systems [“GPS”]) can circumvent longstanding challenges in the estimation of spatiotemporally explicit interactions, but the discrete nature and coarse temporal resolution of data mean that ephemeral interactions that occur between consecutive GPS locations go undetected. Here, we developed a method to quantify individual and spatial patterns of interaction using continuous-time movement models (CTMMs) fit to GPS tracking data. We first applied CTMMs to infer the full movement trajectories at an arbitrarily fine temporal scale …

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Long Term Changes In Aquaculture Influence Migration, Regional Abundance, And Distribution Of An Avian Species, Paul C. Burr, Brian S. Dorr, Jimmy L. Avery, Garrett M. Street, Bronson K. Strickland Jan 2023

Long Term Changes In Aquaculture Influence Migration, Regional Abundance, And Distribution Of An Avian Species, Paul C. Burr, Brian S. Dorr, Jimmy L. Avery, Garrett M. Street, Bronson K. Strickland

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Agricultural development has been causing changes to the environment and the abundance and distribution of avian species. Agriculture is dynamic with changes in products occurring at large scales over relatively short time periods. The catfish aquaculture industry is one such agriculture industry that has undergone dramatic changes over the last 25 years. The double-crested cormorant (Nannopterum auritum) is a piscivorous bird that has an extensive history with the aquaculture industry of Mississippi due to its depredation of cultured catfish. A large-scale monitoring program began in 1989 to estimate the abundance and location of cormorants at every known roost in the …

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Raccoon Rabies Control And Elimination In The Northeastern Usa And Southern Québec, Canada, Amy J. Davis, Marianne Gagnier, Ariane Massé, Kathleen M. Nelson, Jordona D. Kirby, Ryan Wallace, Xiaoyue Ma, Christine Fehlner-Gardiner, Richard B. Chipman, Amy Gilbert Jan 2023

Raccoon Rabies Control And Elimination In The Northeastern Usa And Southern Québec, Canada, Amy J. Davis, Marianne Gagnier, Ariane Massé, Kathleen M. Nelson, Jordona D. Kirby, Ryan Wallace, Xiaoyue Ma, Christine Fehlner-Gardiner, Richard B. Chipman, Amy Gilbert

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rabies virus (RABV) is a deadly zoonosis that circulates in wild carnivore populations in North America. Intensive management within the USA and Canada has been conducted to control the spread of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) variant of RABV and work towards elimination. We examined RABV occurrence across the northeastern USA and southeastern Québec, Canada during 2008–2018 using a multi-method, dynamic occupancy model. Using a 10 km× 10 km grid overlaid on the landscape, we examined the probability that a grid cell was occupied with RABV and relationships with management activities (oral rabies vaccination (ORV) and trap-vaccinate-release efforts), habitat, neighbour effects …

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Validation Of A Nutria (Myocastor Coypus) Environmental Dna Assay Highlights Considerations For Sampling Methodology, Anna M. Mangan, John A. Kronenberger, Ian H. Plummer Jan 2023

Validation Of A Nutria (Myocastor Coypus) Environmental Dna Assay Highlights Considerations For Sampling Methodology, Anna M. Mangan, John A. Kronenberger, Ian H. Plummer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Nutria (Myocastor coypus) is a semiaquatic rodent species that is invasive across multiple regions within the United States. Here, we evaluated a qPCR assay previously described for use in Japan for application across invasive populations in the United States. We also compared two environmental DNA sampling methodologies for this assay: field filtration of large volumes of water passed through filters versus direct sampling of small volumes of water. We validated assay specificity, generality, and sensitivity, compared assay performance between two independent laboratories, and successfully tested the assay in situ on a known wild population. The filtration method required …

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Genomic Analyses Of Gray Fox Lineages Suggest Ancient Divergence And Secondary Contact In The Southern Great Plains, Elizabeth M. Kierepka, Sophie Preckler-Quisquater, Dawn M. Reding, Antoinette Piaggio, Seth P.D. Riley, Benjamin N. Sacks Jan 2023

Genomic Analyses Of Gray Fox Lineages Suggest Ancient Divergence And Secondary Contact In The Southern Great Plains, Elizabeth M. Kierepka, Sophie Preckler-Quisquater, Dawn M. Reding, Antoinette Piaggio, Seth P.D. Riley, Benjamin N. Sacks

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) lineage diverged from all other extant canids at their most basal node and is restricted to the Americas. Previous mitochondrial analysis from coastal populations identified deeply divergent (up to 1 Mya) eastern and western lineages that predate most intraspecific splits in carnivores. We conducted genotyping by sequencing and mitochondrial analysis on gray foxes sampled across North America to determine geographic concordance between nuclear and mitochondrial contact zones and divergence times. We also estimated the admixture within the contact zone between eastern and western gray foxes based on nuclear DNA. Both datasets confirmed that …

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