Animal Sciences Commons^™

Mitigating Bighorn Sheep–Vehicle Collisions And Habitat Fragmentation With Overpasses And Adaptive Mitigation, Jeffrey W. Gagnon, Chad D. Loberger, Kari S. Ogren, Scott C. Sprague, Susan R. Boe, Raymond E. Schweinsburg

Human–Wildlife Interactions

As transportation infrastructure expands to accommodate increasing human population growth, wildlife–vehicle conflicts (WVCs) are a growing concern for motorist safety and wildlife populations. In the case of large ungulates, minimal information exists on successful mitigation of WVCs involving bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and habitat fragmentation. Too address this void, we evaluated the effectiveness of 3 new wildlife overpasses, 3 culverts, 2 bridges, and ungulate exclusionary fencing as potential desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni; sheep) crossing opportunities along US Highway 93 in Arizona, USA. We evaluated sheep movements using global positioning system (GPS) radio-transmitter collars and …

Impact Of Covid-19 On Aviation-Wildlife Strikes Across Europe, Isabel C. Metz, Marta Giordano, Dionysios Ntampakis, Marianna Moira, Anneke Hamann, Rosanne Blijleven, Jürgen J. Ebert, Alessandro Montemaggiori

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Collisions between aircraft and wildlife (i.e., wildlife strikes) pose a serious threat toward the safety of aircraft, its crew, and passengers. The effects of COVID-19 related travel restrictions on wildlife strikes are unknown. With this study, we aim to address this information gap by assessing the changes of wildlife hazard management performance across European airports during the lockdown period (e.g., period of reduced operations and borders closure in spring 2020). We also sought to raise awareness of the importance of wildlife strike prevention in times of reduced operations. The objective of our study was to compare wildlife strike data before …

A Call For Ethical And Responsible Treatment Of Invasive Species By Recreational Anglers, Kevin A. Adeli

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Invasive species pose a prominent threat to global biodiversity, with aquatic ecosystems being particularly susceptible. In an effort to limit the spread of aquatic invasive species, numerous public awareness programs have been launched, and several regions have enacted “must-kill” angling regulations, which prohibit the live release of invasive fish species when captured. Many education programs, however, demonize invasive species and lack any instruction for humane euthanasia. This unbalanced approach has translated into widespread mistreatment of invasive species among recreational anglers. This piece addresses these concerns by discussing their significance and providing recommendations for how education programs can adopt a more …

European Starling Use Of Nest Boxes Relative To Human Disturbance, Bradley F. Blackwell, Bruce N. Buckingham, Morgan B. Pfeiffer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

European starling (Sturnus vulgaris; starling) nesting poses debris hazards within airport hangars and to engine and flight surfaces of moored aircraft. We questioned whether consistent removal of nest material would negatively affect use of a nest site, measured by a reduction in material accumulation. We conducted our study on a 2,200-ha site in Erie County, Ohio, USA (41° 22’ N, 82° 41’ W), from April 15 through June 2, 2020. We used 120 wooden nest boxes on utility poles, protected by an aluminum predator guard below the box. Our treatments included (1) twice weekly, repeated nest material removal …

Stakeholder Acceptance Of Wild Equid Fertility Control Mirrors Global Shifts In Attitudes To Wildlife Management, Giovanna Massei, Stephanie L. Boyles Griffin

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Wild equid (horses [Equus ferus] and burros [E. asinus]) populations have increased on public lands in the United States since the passage of the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971. As of March 1, 2022, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) estimated that wild equid populations on designated herd management areas (HMAs) may exceed 82,000 animals. In 2020, the total population of wild equids in the United States was estimated to exceed 300,000 animals. The BLM sets an appropriate management level (AML) for wild horse and burro herds on each HMA and removes animals …

Nonnative Ungulate Impacts On Greater Sage-Grouse Late Brood-Rearing Habitat In The Great Basin, Usa, Mikiah R. Mcginn, Steven L. Petersen, Melissa S. Chelak, Randy T. Larsen, Loreen Allphin, Brock R. Mcmillan, Dennis L. Eggett, Terry A. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Domestic livestock grazing is the dominant land use on much of the current range inhabited by greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) in the western United States. Nonnative feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) also inhabit important sage-grouse seasonal habitats. Overabundant feral horse populations and improper grazing by domestic cattle (Bos taurus) can impact the health of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and desert shrub rangeland communities and native wildlife. These impacts to sage-grouse can be exacerbated when they affect late brood-rearing habitat, which provide the forbs and arthropods required to fledge broods. Managers require better information …

Modification Of Culture Medium And Identification Of Microbial Contaminants For Improved In Vitro Propagation Of Freshwater Mussels, Raquel M. Wetzell

Theses and Dissertations

In vitro propagation efforts play an essential role in conserving and restoring threatened freshwater mussel populations by circumventing the need for a fish host. Across a broad range of taxa, transformation is induced with an artificial M199 medium and rabbit serum. However, such formulation may not be sufficient in culturing critical species with more specific physiological requirements. In this study, multiple serum mixtures were tested to improve in vitro transformation of two freshwater mussel species: yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa) and tidewater mucket (Atlantaconcha ochracea). These species were selected because they parasitize similar fish host species but …

Molecular And Otolith Shape Analyses Of Scorpaena Spp. In The Turkish Seas, Serdar Yedi̇er, Derya Bostanci

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study aims to investigate the discrimination and the phylogenetic relationship of five Scorpaena species (S. elongata, S. maderensis, S. notata, S. porcus, and S. scrofa), sampled from eight locations in the four seas (Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and Sea of Marmara) in Turkey, using both molecular and otolith shape analyses. Totally, 1360 samples were examined for otolith shape analyses, and 51 of them were also used in the molecular analysis (COI sequences, 652 bp). Eighteen haplotypes were determined in the 5 species of the genus Scorpaena; 3 haplotypes for S. elongata, S. maderensis and S. scrofa, 4 …

Effects Of Ni (Ii) P-Hydroxybenzoate With Caffeine On Metabolic, Antioxidant, Andbiochemical Parameters Of Model Insect Galleria Mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Serkan Sugeçti̇, Kemal Büyükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Many insecticides used against pests cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is very important to develop new alternative strategies to toxic insecticides. In this study, the physiological and biochemical effects of Ni (II) p-hydroxybenzoate with caffeine on the model insect Galleria mellonella were investigated. In the present study, transferase enzyme activities such as alanine transferase, aspartate transferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, which regulate amino acid metabolism, were altered in hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae exposed to Ni (II) p-hydroxybenzoate with caffeine. In addition, the activities of metabolic enzymes such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase increased in hemolymph of G. mellonella …

Oxygen Consumption Rates And Respiratory Carbon Losses In Three Species Of Copepods(Acartia Clausi, Calanus Helgolandicus And Limnocalanus Macrurus) During Starvation, Leonid Svetlichny, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Outi Setälä, Anne-Mari Lehto, Larysa Samchyshyna, Yulia Gromova, Melek İşi̇ni̇bi̇li̇r Okyar, Ezgi̇ Emi̇ş Türkeri̇, Kami̇l Mert Eryalçin, Gülşah Can Kayadelen, Ahmet Erkan Kideyş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Calanoid copepods with different life cycle strategies demonstrate varied velocity in the utilization of energy resources during starvation. This study analyzes the influence of multiday starvation on the rate of total, basal and active energy metabolism in adult females of two Marmara Sea and one Baltic Sea species of copepods; epiplanktonic Acartia clausi unable to accumulate lipid reserves and mesoplanktonic Calanus helgolandicus with minor lipid reserves in the oil sac (approximately 7% of body volume) and the Baltic Sea copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in quasi-diapausing state with large lipid reserves in the oil sac (approximately 19% of body volume). Initially, total …

Determining The Impact Of Corn Source On Nutrient Availability And Pig Performance, And Improving Boar Performance During Heat Stress, Jordan Jansen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The quality and effectiveness of the feedstuffs included in diets of production livestock directly impact yield efficiency and performance characteristics desired by producers. This thesis focuses on the performance and digestibility of corn from different countries in pig diets and how different feed additives can be supplemented to improve boar reproductive performance during heat stress. Corn is the largest energy source in common pig diets. The physical characteristics of corn such as broken kernels, foreign material, and excessive dust are said to negatively impact the quality of the grain for pig diets by being less digestible and a worsened nutrient …

Underwater Video As A Tool To Quantify Fish Density In Complex Coastal Habitats, Ronald Baker, Dakota Bilbrey, Aaron Bland, Frank D’Alonzo Iii, Hannah Ehrmann, Sharon Havard, Zoe Porter, Sarah Ramsden, Alexandra Rodriquez

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Habitat loss is a serious issue threatening biodiversity across the planet, including coastal habitats that support important fish populations. Many coastal areas have been extensively modified by the construction of infrastructure such as ports, seawalls, docks, and armored shorelines. In addition, habitat restoration and enhancement projects often include constructed breakwaters or reefs. Such infrastructure may have incidental or intended habitat values for fish, yet their physical complexity makes quantitatively sampling these habitats with traditional gears challenging. We used a fleet of unbaited underwater video cameras to quantify fish communities across a variety of constructed and natural habitats in Perdido and …

Fish And Invertebrate Use Of Restored Vs. Natural Oyster Reefs In A Shallow Temperate Latitude Estuary, Jonathan H. Grabowski, Christopher J. Baillie, Adam Baukus, Rachael Carlyle, F. Joel Fodrie, Rachel K. Gittman, A. Randall Hughes, David L. Kimbro, Juhyung Lee, Hunter S. Lenihan, Sean P. Powers, Kevin Sullivan

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Coastal marine habitats continue to be degraded, thereby compelling largescale restoration in many parts of the world. Whether restored habitats function similarly to natural habitats and fully recover lost ecosystem services is unclear. In estuaries, oyster reefs have been degraded by multiple anthropogenic activities including destructive fishing practices and reduced water quality, motivating restoration to maintain oyster fisheries and other ecosystem services, often at relatively high cost. We compared fish and invertebrate communities on recently restored (0–1 year post-restoration), older restored (3–4 years post-restoration), and natural oyster reefs to determine if and when restored reefs support functionally similar faunal communities. …

Effects Of Vitamin D Administration At The Beginning Of Lactation In Dairy Cows Oninflammatory Response And Liver Metabolism, Feyyaz Kaya, Hasan Batmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D administered 24 h after calving of dairy cows on calcium-phosphorus metabolism, carbohydrate, lipid and liver metabolism, and inflammatory response. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to the experimental (EG) and control group (CG). The EG received 5,000,000 IU vitamin D3 (5 mL) 24 h after parturition intramuscularly, whereas the CG group received 5 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Blood samples were taken 24 h after parturition before treatments and at the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days of lactation. Serum NEFA, BHBA, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin, calcium, phosphorus, …

The Effect Of Dystocia On Oxidative Stress, Colostral Antibody/Passive Immune Status, Andblood Gases In Damascus Goats And Their Kids, Tuğra Akkuş, Ömer Korkmaz, Bi̇rten Emre, Abuzer Kafar Zonturlu, Peli̇n Fatoş Polat Di̇nçer, Ömer Yaprakci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dystocia on oxidative stress, venous blood gases, and colostrum and serum immunoglobulins G (IgG) in Damascus goats and their kids, respectively. The study sample comprised a total of 40 Damascus goats with of their own 40 kids separated into 2 groups according to the type of birth. Group 1 consisted of goats with eutocia (n = 20) and their kids (n = 20), and Group 2 consisted of goats with dystocia (n = 20) and their kids (n = 20). Blood samples were taken from the goats and their kids …

Relationships Between Famacha Scores And Some Blood Values In Sheep And Goats, Özcan Şahi̇n, İbrahi̇m Ayteki̇n, Sai̇m Boztepe, İsmai̇l Keski̇n, Ali̇ Karabacak, Yasi̇n Altay, Mervan Bayraktar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, Akkaraman sheep and Hair goats raised extensively on the same farm were scored with the FAMACHA card. Score 1 was not present in both sheep and goats, whereas scores 5 and 2 were not detected in sheep and goats, respectively. While the number of animals with scores of 2, 3, and 4 was 9, 46, and 55 in sheep, the number of animals with 3, 4, and 5 scores in goats was 6, 55, and 41, respectively. In the study, the differences in the amount of RBC, Hct, and Hb in goats according to these score groups …

Investigations On Some Aerobic Bacterial Agents Isolated From Heifers At The Beginning Ofthe First Lactation, Tuncay Çökülgen, Uçkun Sai̇t Uçan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, it was aimed to identify the predominant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) species in subclinical, clinical, and persistent infections in Konya province, to determine various virulence and resistance mechanisms of CNS species within the agelactation level. The research has been carried out in a dairy herd that is free from brucellosis and tuberculosis and uses an automated herd management system. Thirty-two heifers at the beginning of lactation with milk yields of more than 20 liters have been observed in terms of udder infections during the first 1-4 months of lactation. The prevalence of intramammary infections (IMI) and of CNS-caused …

Dental Morphometric Investigation On The Chinchilla (Chinchilla Lanigera) Using A Threedimensionalreconstruction Model, Sema Özkadi̇f, Emrullah Eken, Ayşe Haligür

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to reveal the morphometric characteristics of the teeth of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera), which are both kept as pet animals and raised for the economic value of their fur, using three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions created from two-dimensional (2D) multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images and to investigate whether there was a difference between the sexes. A total of 12 chinchillas of both sexes (six males and six females) were used. The teeth reconstructions of the animals were performed with Mimics. 14.1 3D modeling software on the 2D images was taken in the prone position. According to …

Determination Of The Morphometric Characteristics Of Donkey (Equus Asinus)Populations Reared In Turkey, Eser Kemal Gürcan, Serdar Genç, Selçuk Kaplan, Fulya Özdi̇l, Emel Özkan Ünal, Hasan Bulut, Selen Yatkin, Sezen Arat, Mehmet İhsan Soysal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This research aims to determine the morphometric characteristics of the donkey (Equus asinus) populations reared in Turkey. For this purpose, live weights and body measurements were collected from 500 donkeys. The donkeys were grouped according to the factors of color, age, sex, and province and the live weights (LW) (kg), withers heights (WH), rump heights (RH), body lengths (BL), chest circumferences (CC), chest depths (CD), front shank circumferences (FSC), head lengths (HL) and ear lengths (EL) (cm) of the donkeys were measured. In the study, the males were found to have higher values of live weight, withers height, rump height, …

The Molecular Prevalence Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Babesia Spp., And Anaplasma Spp. Inshelter Dogs Of The Thrace Region In Turkey, Nuri̇ Altuğ, Mustafa Necati̇ Muz, Di̇lek Muz, Fulya Altinok Yi̇pel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study aimed to update the molecular prevalence of some tick-borne pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp.) in the shelter dogs of the Thrace Region, Turkey. The study was carried out on 450 dogs from 7 pet shelters. The individual data of the dogs were recorded, and blood samples were collected in tubes with anticoagulants (EDTA). Then, individual PCR protocols were applied to all samples for the three infective agents. PCR test results recorded for B. burgdorferi is 38.22% (n = 172), 24.22% (n = 109) for Babesia spp., and 21.6% (n = 97) for Anaplasma spp. The …

Genetic Variation At The Olr1, Anxa9, Myf5, Ltf, Igf1, Lgb, Csn3, Pit1, Mbl1,Cacna2d1, And Abcg2 Loci In Turkish Grey Steppe, Anatolian Black, And Eastanatolian Red Cattle, Özden Çobanoğlu, Sena Ardiçli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Native breeds are excellent sources of genetic variation. Anatolian native breeds are relatives of the first cattle domesticated and are ancestors of many European breeds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of OLR1, ANXA9, MYF5, LTF, IGF1, LGB, CSN3, PIT1, MBL1, CACNA2D1, and ABCG2 markers in Turkish Grey Steppe, Anatolian Black, and East Anatolian Red cattle. The analysis included 367 cattle and the genotyping was performed by the PCR-RFLP. Population genetics indices including heterozygosity, the number of effective alleles, the polymorphism information content, fixation index, and the level of possible variability realization, and moreover, the genetic diversity …

Effects Of Dietary Insect (Ephestia Kuehniella) Egg Meal On Growth Performance And Fattyacid Profile Of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio), Levent Doğankaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of mill moth (Ephestia kuehniella) egg meal (IEM) upon growth performance and fatty acid profile of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (1.12 ± 0.01 g) were evaluated in triplicate groups for 12 weeks. Three isonitrogenous (35% CP) and isocaloric (17 MJ kg?1) diets were formulated replacing fishmeal with 0% (G-0), 50% (G-50), and 100% (G-100) IEM. The results of the trial indicated that G-50 had the highest growth performance values and a more efficient FCR (1.79). Replacement levels of IEM did not have any significant effect on survival. Total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found to be statistically different …

The In Vitro Effect Of Hypochlorous Acid-Metal Nanoparticles Combination On Salmonellaunder Different Temperature Conditions, Serkan Kemal Büyükünal, Karlo Muratoğlu, Ahmet Koluman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is an excellent surface disinfectant and classified as nonhazardous but maintaining a steady HClO solution is extremely difficult. This study aimed to mix HClO with various metal nanoparticles (NPs) to improve stability. The efficiency of the prepared solutions against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Dublin, and Salmonella Infantis was assessed using the culture method in five distinct experimental groups at varying temperatures (4 °C, 10 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C). The type of metal NPs, HClO, and application temperatures utilized in the combined solutions for bacterial decontamination did not result in a significant difference …

Acute Phase Proteins, Endocrine And Productive Responses Of Laying Hens To Heat Stress, Amani Aldawood, Hosam Altamimi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was designed to characterize changes in the acute phase proteins (APPs), hormones parallel to performance, and egg quality traits in laying hens exposed to heat stress (HS). A total of 120 sixteen-week-old Lohmann hens was allowed an adaptation period of 5 weeks in 3 different rooms at 21 °C. The hens were then exposed to one of three climatic thermal treatments over the next 6 weeks; thermoneutrality (TN, 21 °C), constant (C-HS, 28 °C), and cyclic HS (HS, 20 h/d at 28 ± 1 °C and 4 h/d at 33 ± 1 °C). Blood samples were weekly obtained, …

Changes In Serum Pon1 Activity, Gene Expression And Their Association With Lipid Profile Parameters In Healthy Darehshori Neonatal Foals: A Preliminary Study, Rouzbeh Razavi Dehkordi, Gholam Ali Kojouri, Behnaz Karimi, Ali Mohammad Ahadi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) contributes to the antioxidant mechanisms that prevent lipoprotein oxidation and act as a negative acute-phase protein. This study aimed to evaluate changes in serum PON1 activity, the leukocyte PON1 gene expression, as well as lipid profile tests (LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol) in 16 healthy Darehshori newborn foals up to 60 days of life. Blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days used for detecting biochemical parameters, PON1 activity, and, and its gene expression, using realtime RT-PCR. Low levels of PON1 activity were observed at birth, which increased significantly with increasing age at …

The Effect Of Nongenetic Factors On Calf Birth Weight And Growth Performance In Anatolian Buffaloes, Kürşat Alkoyak, Sezer Öz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the current study is to determine the growth performances of Anatolian buffaloes such as birth weight (BW$_{0}$), body weight at 6 months (BW$_{6}$), body weight at 12 months (BW$_{12}$), average daily weight gain from birth to 6 months (ADG$_{0 - 6}$), average daily weight gain from birth to 12 months (ADG$_{0 - 12}$) and average daily weight gain from 6 to 12 months (ADG$_{6 - 12}$), and to identify various nongenetic factors affecting these traits. In the study, the data of 2821 head buffalo calves born from buffaloes bred from the Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project in Bartın …

Computed Tomography And Osteological Examination Of The Nuchal Perforations In Byzantine Cattle Skulls, Vedat Onar, Aleksander Chroszcz, Dominik Poradowski, Nazan Gezer İnce, Mehmet Ali̇ Polat, Rahmi̇ Asal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study presents computed tomography (CT) and osteological observations of nuchal perforations in the Middle-Late Byzantine cattle skulls, unearthed from Yenikapı Metro and Marmaray excavations (ancient Theodosius harbour), İstanbul, Türkiye. A total of 17 skulls with perforations of various size, ranging from elliptical to triangular, located in the nuchal (posterior) region of protuberantia intercornualis were examined. Rounded edges and smooth inner walls of these perforations indicated that they were formed when the animals were alive (ante mortem). The CT helped to understand the details of the caudal and dorsal part of head as well as the relationships between these perforations …

Winter Sandpiper Communities On Humboldt Bay: High-Tide Roost Use And Habitat Features That Influence Roost Site Selection, Chelsea Polevy

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Roosts, locations at which birds and other animals come together to rest and preen while remaining vigilant for predators, are a common facet of the nonbreeding biology of many shorebirds. Roosts fall on a continuum from traditional to ephemeral; traditional roosts are used consistently by the same individuals, whereas ephemeral roosts are used inconsistently and may be used only once or a few times. Studies show that roost habitat preference is the result of an individual shorebird’s attempt to optimize the costs and benefits associated with time constraints, energetic demands, and danger risks as they relate to overall fitness.

In …

A Characterization Of The Sandy Beach Surf Zone Fish Community And Their Ecology In Northern California And The Effects Of Marine Protected Areas, Katie B. Terhaar

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Historically written off as dull and homogenous, the dynamics of the sandy beach surf zone remains under studied world-wide. Northern California has been no exception to this global standard, as the sandy beach surf zone ecosystem in this region has yet to be characterized, and the effect of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on the fish and macroinvertebrate community fully ascertained.

Considered data-poor by local wildlife officials, commercially, recreationally and culturally important Amphistichus rhodoterus (redtail surfperch) and common Hyperprosopon ellipticum (silver surfperch) utilize the sandy beach surf zone in Northern California. Little is known about the effect of various environmental factors, …

The Effects Of Polymorphisms In The Cx3cr1 Gene On The Development Of Canine Hipdysplasia, Sertaç Atalay, Süleyman Kök

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Hip dysplasia, caused by both environmental and genetic components, is a common disorder characterized by hip instability in humans and dogs. Unfortunately, the genetic mechanisms that cause the disease in both have not been fully determined. The aim of this study was polymorphisms in the exon 2 and 3' UTR regions of the CX3CR1 gene were determined and their effects on the development of Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) in three dog breeds (German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Labrador Retriever). For this purpose, a case -control study was designed with 172 dogs in Dog Breeding and Training Center (DBTC) in Turkey. Each …