Animal Sciences Commons^™

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Can Farmers And Bats Co-Exist? Farmer Attitudes, Knowledge, And Experiences With Bats In Belize, Hannah G. Shapiro, Adam S. Willcox, Mallory Tate, Emma V. Willcox

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Bats (Chiroptera) are often viewed negatively by the public. Negative public perceptions of bats may hinder efforts to conserve declining populations. In Belize, the presence of vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata) exacerbates the potential for conflicts with humans because of the increased rabies transmission risks. To mitigate these risks, the Belize government provides farmers with assistance to trap and remove vampire bats. In June 2018, we surveyed farmers (n = 44) in and adjacent to the Vaca Forest Reserve in Belize to learn more about their attitudes, knowledge, and experiences with bats. This information may …

Remote Sensing Applications For Abating Aircraft–Bird Strike Risks In Southeast Brazil, Natalia S. Novoselova, Alexey A. Novoselov, Arthur Macarrão, Guilherme Gallo-Ortiz, Wesley Rodrigues Silva

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The rising number of aircraft collisions with birds requires the development of appropriate mitigation measures to control their populations in the vicinity of airports. The black vulture (Coragyps atratus; vultures) is considered one of the most dangerous species for aviation in Brazil. To better understand the spatial distribution patterns of flying vultures and the risks they may pose to aviation, we studied natural and anthropogenic superficial factors and then numerically estimated and mapped the risk of collision with birds over the Airport Safety Area (ASA) for the Amarais Airport and Presidente Prudente Airport in the southeast part of …

Talking Trash In The Big Apple: Mitigating Bird Strikes Near The North Shore Marine Transfer Station, Stephan J. Beffre, Brian E. Washburn

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Anthropogenic activities that concentrate wildlife near airports increases the risk of wildlife–aircraft collisions. Placing waste management facilities, natural areas, golf courses, and other landscape features near airports have the potential to attract wildlife hazardous to aviation. We conducted a 3-year study (March 2013–February 2016) to determine if the implementation of a Wildlife Hazard Mitigation Program (WHMP) would influence the bird use of a waste transfer station located near LaGuardia Airport, New York City, New York, USA. We conducted wildlife surveys during 3 phases: (1) no mitigation program and no waste transfer station, (2) active mitigation and no waste transfer station, …

Using Environmental Dna To Detect Estuarine Crocodiles, A Cryptic-Ambush Predator Of Humans, Alea Rose, Yusuke Fukuda, Hamish A. Campbell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Negative human–wildlife interactions can be better managed by early detection of the wildlife species involved. However, many animals that pose a threat to humans are highly cryptic, and detecting their presence before the interaction occurs can be challenging. We describe a method whereby the presence of the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), a cryptic and potentially dangerous predator of humans, was detected using traces of DNA shed into the water, known as environmental DNA (eDNA). The estuarine crocodile is present in waterways throughout southeast Asia and Oceania and has been responsible for >1,000 attacks upon humans in the past …

Book Review: Saving Species On Private Lands: Unlocking Incentives To Conserve Wildlife And Their Habitats, Lorien Belton

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is a book review of Saving Species on Private Lands: Unlocking Incentives to Conserve Wildlife and their Habitats.

Using Bioenergetics And Radar-Derived Bird Abundance To Assess The Impact Of A Blackbird Roost On Seasonal Sunflower Damage, Bonne A. Clark, Page E. Klug, Phillip M. Stepanian, Jeffrey F. Kelly

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Methods aimed at reducing avian damage to agricultural crops are routinely implemented in situations where efficacy can be assessed by quantifying blackbird (Icteridae) abundance relative to environmental variables and extrapolating to ensuing crop damage. Concomitantly, Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) data may have potential to enhance crop damage mitigation through improved monitoring of nuisance wildlife populations. We used WSR to derive daily abundance estimates of blackbirds at a fall roost in North Dakota, USA from 2012 to 2019. We integrated these estimates with previously developed bioenergetics-economic models to estimate local sunflower (Helianthus annuus) damage. The greatest losses usually occurred …

New Associate Editors, Terry A. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

New associate editors are George Linz and Zachary Miller.

Peregrine Falcons Nest Successfully During Reconstruction Of Bridge Over Ohio River, Kate G. Slankard, Loren F. Taylor, Dan M. Stoelb, Charlie Gannon

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) often nest on bridges over rivers and other waterways, resulting in the need for mitigation planning for bridge maintenance and reconstruction. However, mitigation guidelines for peregrine falcon nests during bridge reconstruction are lacking in the literature. In this paper, we describe the monitoring, spatial, and temporal buffers, nest box installation, and other methods that allowed peregrine falcons to nest successfully on the Milton-Madison (US-421) Bridge during demolition and reconstruction. Construction activities occurred over a 4-year period (2011–2014), and coordination with local road departments and contracted engineers was necessary to accommodate the falcon nest. Nonetheless, …

In The News, Jason Matthews, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Items in the news.

Nest Success In A Grassland Bird Community: Microsite Selection & A Case For Nest Height Manipulation, Matt Kneitel

Masters Theses

Grassland birds are a sensitive community and populations around the country have been declining. They are susceptible to low nest success due to loss of habitat and the small, fragmented patches that remain are often subjected to elevated levels of nest predation. The American goldfinch (Spinus tristis), which uses grasslands for feeding and nesting, is understudied given its abundance, due in part to its late-season nesting habits, and selection of taller woody vegetation as nesting substrate, which is atypical for many grassland nesting birds. American goldfinches were incorporated in this study which included nest height manipulation of goldfinch …

Seasonal Temperature Changes In Three Midwestern Wastewater Streams And The Effects On Fish Assemblages And Physiology, Ryan William Sparks

Masters Theses

Midwestern United States undergo extreme temperature and precipitation fluctuations throughout the year, which leads to changing habitats within Illinois river systems. Wastewater treatment facilities have long been used to treat sewage and reduce the organic products in sewage before releasing it into aquatic environments. Wastewater treatment facilities must maintain optimal conditions, especially temperature, for reproduction and growth of facilitated bacteria that break down organic materials in wastewater. The objectives for this study were to determine the thermal effects of wastewater treatment facilities on receiving waters; and secondly, to investigate the influence of these wastewater facilities on fish abundance and assemblages. …

Aging Techniques & Population Dynamics Of Blue Suckers (Cycleptus Elongatus) In The Lower Wabash River, Dakota S. Radford

Masters Theses

The Blue Sucker, Cycleptus elongatus, occurs in large rivers primarily in the Mississippi River basin. Their imperiled status has called attention to the need for its management and protection. Estimating age is crucial for directing management, but past studies have varied in their choice of hard structure, resulting in uncertainty regarding the basic life history of this species. Because the Wabash River Blue Sucker population may be one of few surveyable populations with high abundance and successful reproduction, their demographics can provide a benchmark against which threatened populations can be compared. We harvested Blue Suckers (n = 168) …

Investigation On The Human Coronaviruses Origin (Bats And Pangolins): A Review, James Blackar Mawolo, Caselia Akiti, Harris Kollie Momo

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A coronavirus related to SARS-CoV-2 has been isolated from Malayan pangolins illegally imported into Guangdong Province. It is not the precursor of SARS-CoV-2, but a comparison of viral genome sequences provides further evidence that the virus currently infecting humans. Bats and pangolins have been suggested as the natural reservoirs of a large variety of viruses. Some researchers have given attention to other species as the origin of coronaviruses and none have referred to bats and pangolins as the two emerging coronaviruses origin, which have caused unexpected human disease outbreaks recently. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East …

Mtdna D-Loop Genetic Diversity Of Common Quail (Coturnix Coturnix) Migratingthrough Ukraine And Spain, Dalius Butkauskas, Antonio Bea, Vadym Yanenko, Petras Prakas, Saulius Svazas, Daiva Vaitkuviene

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Populations of common quail (Coturnix coturnix) have recently been declining in Europe. This is the first study of common quail in eastern Europe using molecular markers. The mtDNA D-loop genetic diversity of common quails migrating through Ukraine was analyzed and compared with that of birds migrating via northern Spain in 2017-2018. In samples from 77 birds, 32 polymorphic sites and 30 haplotypes (H1-H30) were identified, only 4 of which were common for birds sampled in both Ukraine and Spain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated 2 well-supported clades. Found were 3 haplotypes clustered in 1 phylogenetic clade only in common quails sampled in …

Diversity Analyses Of Nonmarine Ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) In Streams Andlakes In Turkey, Mehmet Yavuzatmaca

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In order to compare species compositions of ostracods, 25 streams and 15 lakes were sampled in the spring, summer, and autumn seasons of 2018. A total of 26 ostracod species were found in lakes (18 spp.) and streams (12 spp.). The Shannon index (H') and evenness values of streams were higher than in lakes in all seasons. The highest H' values for all combined (lakes + streams) and lake data were reported in the autumn season, and in spring the highest values were in streams. According to the ß-diversity (ß) index values, the variability of ostracod species composition in lakes …

ความหลากหลายของจีนเคซีนของแพะนมในประเทศไทย, นภารัตน์ เนาวนัด

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาความหลากหลายของจีนเคซีนทั้ง 4 ชนิดในฐานะของจีนแคนดิแดท ที่มีผลต่อลักษณะการปริมาณน้ำนมในแพะจำนวน 65 ตัวแบ่งเป็นกลุ่มแพะที่มีบันทึกการให้ผลผลิตแล้วอย่างน้อย 1 ลำดับการให้นมและมีข้อมูลของลูกแพะ จำนวน 26 ตัว และกลุ่มแพะที่ไม่มีบันทึกการให้ผลผลิต จำนวน 35 ตัว จากการตรวจสอบความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมของจีนทั้ง 4 ชนิดด้วยวิธี DNA sequencing พบอัลลีลของจีนอัลฟาเอส 1 เคซีนทั้งหมด 3 ชนิด ได้แก่ A, C และ E มีความถี่ของอัลลีล เท่ากับ 0.577, 0.177 และ 0.246 ตามลำดับ มีความถี่จีโนไทป์ของ AA, AC, AE, CC และ EE เท่ากับ 0.292, 0.292, 0.277, 0.031 และ 0.108 ตามลำดับ จีนเบต้าเคซีน พบอัลลีลทั้งหมด 2 ชนิด ได้แก่ A และ F มีความถี่ของอัลลีล เท่ากับ 0.538 และ 0.462 ตามลำดับ มีความถี่จีโนไทป์ของ AA, AF และ FF เท่ากับ 0.246, 0.585 และ 0.169 ตามลำดับ จีนอัลฟาเอส 2 เคซีน พบอัลลีลทั้งหมด 2 ชนิด ได้แก่ A และ B มีความถี่ของอัลลีล เท่ากับ 0.862 และ 0.138 ตามลำดับ มีความถี่จีโนไทป์ของ AA และ AB เท่ากับ 0.723 และ …

แนวโน้มทางพันธุกรรมของระยะเวลาอุ้มท้องและความสัมพันธ์ของระยะเวลาอุ้มท้องกับลักษณะทางการสืบพันธุ์ในแม่สุกร, ระวิวรรณ บำเพ็ญกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ข้อมูลสุกรพันธุ์แท้แลนด์เรซ (Landrace, LR) ลาร์จไวท์ (Large White, LW) ดูรอค (Duroc, DR) และข้อมูลสุกรลูกผสมที่มาจากฟาร์มสุกรเชิงพาณิชย์ จำนวน 158,313 บันทึก เป็นข้อมูลของแม่สุกรที่คลอดในปี 2549 ถึง 2562 ถูกนำมาวิเคราะห์อิทธิพลของปัจจัยคงที่ด้วยวิธี GLM ในโปรแกรม SAS และประมาณค่าองค์ประกอบความแปรปรวนด้วยวิธี average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI - REML) ผลการศึกษาพบว่า พันธุ์สุกรและลำดับอุ้มท้องมีอิทธิพลต่อทุกลักษณะที่ทำการศึกษาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P < 0.05) ฝูง - ปี - เดือนที่ผสมพันธุ์มีอิทธิพลต่อระยะเวลาอุ้มท้องของแม่สุกร (gestation length, GL) และจำนวนลูกสุกรแรกเกิดทั้งหมด (total number of piglets born, TB) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P < 0.05) ฝูง - ปี - เดือนที่แม่สุกรคลอดลูกมีอิทธิพลต่อจำนวนลูกสุกรเกิดมีชีวิต (number of piglets born alive, BA) จำนวนลูกสุกรตายแรกเกิด (number of stillborn piglets, SB) และน้ำหนักแรกเกิดเฉลี่ยของลูกสุกร (average birth weight, BW) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P < 0.05) ค่าอัตราพันธุกรรมของ GL TB BA SB และ BW มีค่าเท่ากับ 0.20 ± 0.00, 0.10 ± 0.00, 0.09 ± 0.00, 0.03 ± 0.00 และ 0.12 ± 0.01 ตามลำดับ ค่าสหสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง GL กับ TB และ GL กับ BA มีค่าใกล้ศูนย์ (P < 0.05) ไม่พบความสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง GL กับ SB และ GL กับ BW (P > 0.05) ค่าสหสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง TB กับ BA มีค่าเท่ากับ 0.99 ± 0.00 ค่าสหสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง TB กับ SB และ BA กับ SB มีค่าเท่ากับ 0.49 ± 0.05 และ 0.40 ± 0.05 ตามลำดับ และค่าสหสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง TB กับ BW และ BA กับ BW มีค่าเท่ากับ -0.56 ± 0.03 และ -0.59 ± 0.02 ตามลำดับ แนวโน้มทางพันธุกรรมของ GL มีค่าเพิ่มขึ้น 0.02 ± 0.01 และ 0.03 ± 0.01 วันต่อปี ในสุกรพันธุ์ LR และ LW ตามลำดับ และมีค่าลดลงเท่ากับ -0.02 ± 0.01 วันต่อปี ในสุกรพันธุ์ 50LW …

Bigheaded Carp Spatial Reproductive Dynamics And Population Genetics In Large River Tributaries, Samuel J. Schaick

Masters Theses

Fisheries managers are devoting considerable effort, time, and funding towards limiting the spread of invasive Bighead and Silver (bigheaded) Carp. A better understanding of factors that influence spatial patterns of bigheaded carp reproduction can help fisheries managers prevent their spread. To examine factors that influence spatial patterns of reproduction, we sampled ichthyoplankton using drift nets and larval push nets in three tributaries of the Illinois and Wabash Rivers March-September 2016-2018. We compared relative abundances of bigheaded carp eggs and larvae among tributaries using catch per unit effort (CPUE). Abiotic data were analyzed from individual study tributaries and pooled among tributaries …

Canine And Criminal Bias: The Relationship Between Stereotypes And Perceptions Of Punishment, Jamie I. Thomas

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

In this thesis I provide an analysis of punitive perceptions of animal crimes and argue that the lack of value seen in animal’s lives affects perceptions of punishment for animal crimes. Specifically, I examine the role of animal attitudes and race on perceptions of crimes against dogs and will address the following question with a vignette survey design: How do racial stereotypes interact with dog breed stereotypes when considering punishment for animal crime? This research expands on factors that influence perceptions of punishment of animal crime, including racial differences that may affect attitudes about animals. This study contributes to the …

Short-Term Estimate Of Finfish Bycatch Discards In The Inshore Artisanal Shrimp Fishery Of Guyana, Leanna Kalicharan, Hazel A. Oxenford

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The artisanal shrimp fishery in Guyana is important for livelihood and food security, involving around 300 vessels owned and crewed exclusively by Guyanese nationals. This fishery uses Chinese seines and operates in major river estuaries. It targets penaeid shrimp, but also retains some finfish and is known to discard a significant but undocumented quantity of smaller finfish bycatch. The lack of knowledge regarding the bycatch is a concern for fishery management and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we quantify for the first time the finfish bycatch discards through onboard observations (July—August 2016) of a single typical vessel operating in the …

Habitat Characterization Of Juvenile Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) In Isle Of Youth, Cuba, Zenaida M. Navarro-Martínez, Jorge Angulo-Valdés, Lisandra García-Córdova, Aaron Adams

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Tarpon is considered a ‘Vulnerable’ species by IUCN but is also a highly prized recreational species. It is reportedly abundant in Cuba and may be threatened by high levels of fishing pressure. However, the current knowledge about Tarpon habitat characteristics and ecology in Cuba is very poor, which limit any attempt for its management and conservation. Here we summarize abiotic characteristics of juvenile Tarpon habitats in Lanier Swamp, Isle of Youth, Cuba, which is a RAMSAR site and Faunal Refuge. Three locations in Lanier Swamp were sampled for juvenile Tarpon presence during 2015-2017: Colony Lagoon (CL), Punta Francés Lagoon (PFL) …

First Records For Spawning Of Caribbean Acropora Species In Colombian Mpas, David M. Hudson, Barrett L. Christie, Luis A. Gómez-Lemos, Camilo Valcarcel, Diego Duque, Juan C. Zárate Arévalo, Jaime Rojas, Otto Reyes, Milena Marrugo, Maria Rosa, Israel A. Caicedo Torrado, Diana Tarazona, Carlos Zuluaga

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Estimates of Colombian Caribbean coral percent cover in the Southern Caribbean are consistent with those throughout the Caribbean Sea, which has declined to about 10% of historical levels in the last few decades. Human activities like destructive fishing techniques in the marine parks have degraded the reefs over the last few decades. Colombia’s Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have thousands of square kilometers to map and patrol and few resources to devote to scientific and restoration efforts. Efforts to implement sexual reproduction techniques for restoration are starting to successfully propagate and settle corals on ceramic plates for reef deployment in the …

Mus Musculus Populations In Western Australia Lack Vkorc1 Mutations Conferring Resistance To First Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides: Implications For Conservation And Biosecurity, Bridget J.M. Duncan, Annette Koenders, Quinton Burnham, Michael T. Lohr

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Humans routinely attempt to manage pest rodent populations with anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). We require information on resistance to ARs within rodent populations to have effective eradication programs that minimise exposure in non-target species. Mutations to the VKORC1 gene have been shown to confer resistance in rodents with high proportions of resistance in mice found in all European populations tested. We screened mutations in Mus musculus within Western Australia, by sampling populations from the capital city (Perth) and a remote island (Browse Island). These are the first Australian mouse populations screened for resistance using this method. Additionally, the mitochondrial D-loop …

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the SDSU Extension 2019 Annual Report

[Page] 2-3 South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Ribbon Cutting Ceremony
[Page] 4 SDSU Extension
[Page] 4 From the Director of Extension Karla Trautman
[Page] 5 2019 USDA Risk Management Agency Crop Indemnities
[Page] 6-8 SDSU Extension Responds to Mother Nature in 2019
[Page] 9 Successful Energize! Conference Buoys Community Efforts in Lemmon & Beyond
[Page] 10-11 Helping Loved Ones Transition Smoothly
[Page] 12 AmeriCorps VISTA Members Expand Extension Programming
[Page] 13 South Dakota Wellness Coalitions Make Big Impacts in Small Communities [Page] 14-16 Extension Programs in Our Own …

A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Mycoplasma Strains Circulating In Sheep Pneumonia In Thekars Region Of Turkey, Olcay Öztürkler, Sali̇h Otlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to investigate Mycoplasma species by cultural and molecular methods in 250 pneumonics and 30 healthy appearance sheep lungs brought from slaughterhouse and butcheries in the Kars region of Turkey. The phylogenetic positioning of the bacterial strains to be obtained in the present study was another remarkable outcome of the study. Mycoplasma isolation was achieved solely in 26 (10.4%) of 250 sheep lungs with pneumonia. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was found predominant species in 12 (46.15%) of samples and that was followed by Mycoplasma arginini in 4 (15.38%) of strains. Moreover, two samples were found to be co-infected with the …

Awareness And Adoption Level Of Subclinical Mastitis Diagnosis Among Dairy Farmers Ofpunjab, India, Vidya Nimbalkar, Harish Kumar Verma, Jaswinder Singh, Suresh Kumar Kansal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a major and silent problem of public health concern. It causes higher economic losses with no initial visible changes in the appearance of milk or udder. Subclinically affected animals always remain a continuous source of infection. Most of the clinical mastitis (CM) cases start as subclinical; hence controlling SCM is the best way to reduce the incidence of diseases. A crosssectional study was carried out during 2018?19 in six districts from different agroclimatic zones of Punjab, India to describe awareness about various technologies and its adoption to diagnose SCM. The multistage random technique was used to …

Assessment Of Genetic Gain And Its Simulation For Performance Traits In Sahiwal Cattle, Poonam Ratwan, Atish Kumar Chakravarty, Manoj Kumar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study was conducted to estimate the expected genetic gain (ΔG) for first lactation performance traits in Sahiwal cattle as a result of direct selection of animals maintained at the ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute in India. Data pertaining to 305-day milk yield (305DMY), wet average (WA), and calving to first insemination interval (CFI) of the animals considering 13 counts of progenies/ sire were initially analyzed. The ΔG through direct selection was 43.68 kg/year, 0.13 kg/year, and 1.68 days/year for 305DMY, WA, and CFI, which was 1.97%, 1.65%, and 2.02% of herd average, respectively. In addition, ΔG was estimated by simulating …

Evaluation Of Animal Models For Genetic Analysis Of Growth Performance In Landlly Pigs, Snehasmita Panda, Gyanendra Kumar Gaur, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, Sheikh Firdous Ahmad, Pruthviraj Devamma Ramachandrappa, Panch Kishor Bharti

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Selection of the most appropriate animal model for the estimation of genetic parameters for body weight was carried out using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure at birth and thereafter at 3, 6, and 8 weeks of age in Landlly pigs. Six different models were fitted for each trait; by inclusion or exclusion of maternal additive genetic effect, maternal permanent environmental effect, and covariance between direct and maternal additive genetic effects. Records on 1968 piglets, born in 4 parities of 131 gilts/sows, sired by 68 boars during a period of 5 years from 2014 to 2018 were used. In order to …