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2018

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Articles 2101 - 2130 of 2557

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Improved Reference Genome For The Domestic Horse Increases Assembly Contiguity And Composition, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Edward S. Rice, Michael S. Depriest Jr., Brian P. Walenz, Matthew S. Hestand, Joris R. Vermeesch, Brendan L. O'Connell, Ian T. Fiddes, Alisa O. Vershinina, Nedda F. Saremi, Jessica L. Petersen, Carrie J. Finno, Rebecca R. Bellone, Molly E. Mccue, Samantha A. Brooks, Ernest Bailey, Ludovic Orlando, Richard E. Green, Donald C. Miller, Douglas F. Antczak, James N. Macleod Jan 2018

Improved Reference Genome For The Domestic Horse Increases Assembly Contiguity And Composition, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Edward S. Rice, Michael S. Depriest Jr., Brian P. Walenz, Matthew S. Hestand, Joris R. Vermeesch, Brendan L. O'Connell, Ian T. Fiddes, Alisa O. Vershinina, Nedda F. Saremi, Jessica L. Petersen, Carrie J. Finno, Rebecca R. Bellone, Molly E. Mccue, Samantha A. Brooks, Ernest Bailey, Ludovic Orlando, Richard E. Green, Donald C. Miller, Douglas F. Antczak, James N. Macleod

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Recent advances in genomic sequencing technology and computational assembly methods have allowed scientists to improve reference genome assemblies in terms of contiguity and composition. EquCab2, a reference genome for the domestic horse, was released in 2007. Although of equal or better quality compared to other first-generation Sanger assemblies, it had many of the shortcomings common to them. In 2014, the equine genomics research community began a project to improve the reference sequence for the horse, building upon the solid foundation of EquCab2 and incorporating new short-read data, long-read data, and proximity ligation data. Here, we present EquCab3. The count of …

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Genome-Wide Association Study Of Stayability And Heifer Pregnancy In Red Angus Cattle, S. E. Speidel, B. A. Buckley, R. J. Boldt, R. M. Enns, J. Lee, Matthew L. Spangler, M. G. Thomas Jan 2018

Genome-Wide Association Study Of Stayability And Heifer Pregnancy In Red Angus Cattle, S. E. Speidel, B. A. Buckley, R. J. Boldt, R. M. Enns, J. Lee, Matthew L. Spangler, M. G. Thomas

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Reproductive performance is the most important component of cattle production from the standpoint of economic sustainability of commercial beef enterprises. Heifer Pregnancy (HPG) and Stayability (STAY) genetic predictions are 2 selection tools published by the Red Angus Association of America (RAAA) to assist with improvements in reproductive performance. Given the importance of HPG and STAY to the profitability of commercial beef enterprises, the objective of this study was to identify QTL associated with both HPG and STAY in Red Angus cattle. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using deregressed HPG and …

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Genome-Wide Association Study For Feed Efficiency Traits Using Snp And Haplotype Models, Kashly Rene Schweer, Stephen D. Kachman, Larry A. Kuehn, Harvey Freetly, John E. Pollak, Matthew L. Spangler Jan 2018

Genome-Wide Association Study For Feed Efficiency Traits Using Snp And Haplotype Models, Kashly Rene Schweer, Stephen D. Kachman, Larry A. Kuehn, Harvey Freetly, John E. Pollak, Matthew L. Spangler

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Feed costs comprise the majority of variable expenses in beef cattle systems making feed efficiency an important economic consideration within the beef industry. Due to the expense of recording individual feed-intake phenotypes, a genomic-enabled approach could be advantageous toward improving this economically relevant trait complex. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 748 crossbred steers and heifers representing seven sire breeds with phenotypes for ADG and ADFI. Animals were genotyped with the BovineSNP50v2 BeadChip containing approximately 54,000 SNP. Both traits were analyzed using univariate SNPbased (BayesC) and haplotype-based (BayesIM) models and jointly using BayesIM to perform a bivariate GWAS. …

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Risks Associated To Different Methods Of Increasing Pregnancy Rate Of Cows In Cow-Calf Systems, Tamara Esteves De Oliveira, Julio Otavio Jardim Barcellos, Jack Whittier, Odilene De Souza Teixeira, David Santos De Freitas, Ricardo Pedroso Oaigen, Matheus Dhein Dill, Concepta Mcmanus Jan 2018

Risks Associated To Different Methods Of Increasing Pregnancy Rate Of Cows In Cow-Calf Systems, Tamara Esteves De Oliveira, Julio Otavio Jardim Barcellos, Jack Whittier, Odilene De Souza Teixeira, David Santos De Freitas, Ricardo Pedroso Oaigen, Matheus Dhein Dill, Concepta Mcmanus

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study assessed the risks of different management practices to increase pregnancy rate in beef cow-calf systems, aiming at assisting decision-making. The perception of 18 experts on animal sciences regarding the risks of 32 nutritional, breeding, and general management practices applied to increase pregnancy rate were evaluated through questionnaires. The experts were selected by a non-probability sampling of researchers on veterinary and animal sciences. In addition, five farmers and eight technical consultants were also selected. The questionnaire was applied during a face-to-face meeting. The risk of each practice was assessed according to four factors, namely, cost, technical knowledge, operational complexity, …

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Rumen Bacterial Composition In Lambs Is Affected By Β-Adrenergic Agonist Supplementation And Heat Stress At The Phylum Level, Erin M. Duffy, Shauna M. Tietze, Allison L. Knoell, Nirosh D. Aluthge, Samodha C. Fernando, Ty B. Schmidt, Dustin T. Yates, Jessica L. Petersen Jan 2018

Rumen Bacterial Composition In Lambs Is Affected By Β-Adrenergic Agonist Supplementation And Heat Stress At The Phylum Level, Erin M. Duffy, Shauna M. Tietze, Allison L. Knoell, Nirosh D. Aluthge, Samodha C. Fernando, Ty B. Schmidt, Dustin T. Yates, Jessica L. Petersen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The rumen has several important physiological functions, including absorption, transport, metabolic activity, and host protection (Roh et al., 2007). The rumen is extensively researched due to the importance of ruminants in agriculture and the major role played by rumen microbes in nutrient utilization and health of the ruminant animal. The microbial community of the rumen is altered by diet (McCann et al., 2014), age (Jami et al., 2013), and environment.

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Chronic Maternal Inflammation During Late Gestation Impairs Subsequent Β-Cell Function But Not Islet Growth In Fetal Sheep, M.D. Abebe, C.N. Cadaret, T.B. Barnes, K.A. Beede, D. T. Yates Jan 2018

Chronic Maternal Inflammation During Late Gestation Impairs Subsequent Β-Cell Function But Not Islet Growth In Fetal Sheep, M.D. Abebe, C.N. Cadaret, T.B. Barnes, K.A. Beede, D. T. Yates

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) greatly increases perinatal mortality and morbidity rates, and leads to much greater risk for metabolic complications later in life. One such complication is the development of glucose intolerance or diabetes, which typically develops concurrently with abhorrent patterns of insulin secretions due to diminished β-cell mass and impaired function as well as an overall reduction in pancreatic endocrine tissue. The mechanisms by which IUGR causes problems with health and function of the pancreatic islets are not well understood. Therefore, our goal for this study was to determine how materno-fetal inflammation (MI) affects β-cell growth and function. To …

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Research Note Prediction Model For Manure Zinc Excretion In Laying Hens, Kelli M. Martin, N. Vargas-Jurado, S. E. Purdum Jan 2018

Research Note Prediction Model For Manure Zinc Excretion In Laying Hens, Kelli M. Martin, N. Vargas-Jurado, S. E. Purdum

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this research trial was to compare 2 sources of zinc and different levels of supplementation on manure zinc excretion in laying hens. Bovan White Leghorn hens were used in this study and fed one of 6 dietary treatments. Treatments were in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 sources of zinc (zinc sulfate or Availa R < Zn) and 3 levels (40, 80, or 120 ppm) and were randomly assigned to 48 cages with 5 hens/cage and 8 replicates/treatment. Hens were housed in a tiered manure-belt housing system providing 627.1 cm2/hen and were given access to 110 g/hen/d of feed. Manure samples were collected, and manure zinc content was calculated at 10- week intervals. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure in SAS. There was a significant overall effect of source (P < 0.0001) for zinc content, such that hens fed zinc sulfate had lower amounts of zinc excretion. There was also a significant level effect (P < 0.0001) in which hens fed 120 ppm zinc excreted the greatest amount of zinc. A significant source by level interaction was observed (P < 0.0001) for both the overall and individual analyses, such that 120 ppm Availa R < Zn showed the highest zinc excretion, and both 40 ppm zinc sulfate and Availa R < Zn showed the lowest zinc excretion. Based on these results, a prediction equation was written for an estimated amount of zinc excretion based on the amount of zinc provided in the diet.

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Shinyaim: Shiny‐Based Application Of Interactive Manhattan Plots For Longitudinal Genome‐Wide Association Studies, Waseem Hussain, Malachy T. Campbell, Harkamal Walia, Gota Morota Jan 2018

Shinyaim: Shiny‐Based Application Of Interactive Manhattan Plots For Longitudinal Genome‐Wide Association Studies, Waseem Hussain, Malachy T. Campbell, Harkamal Walia, Gota Morota

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Owning to advancements in sensor‐based, non‐destructive phenotyping platforms, researchers are increasingly collecting data with higher temporal resolution. These phenotypes collected over several time points are cataloged as longitudinal traits and used for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Longitudinal GWAS typically yield a large number of output files, posing a significant challenge to data interpretation and visualization. Efficient, dynamic, and integrative data visualization tools are essential for the interpretation of longitudinal GWAS results for biologists; however, these tools are not widely available to the community. We have developed a flexible and user‐friendly Shiny‐based online application, ShinyAIM, to dynamically view and interpret temporal …

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Primeness In Early Season Arkansas Raccoon Pelts, D. Blake Sasse Jan 2018

Primeness In Early Season Arkansas Raccoon Pelts, D. Blake Sasse

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Trapping seasons in the United States are generally set around the time of the year when pelts are in “prime” condition and are in their most valuable state. In order to assess whether the start of the Arkansas trapping season is at an appropriate date 122 raccoons were captured during the month of November in 2014 and 2015. Based on the evaluation of experienced fur dealers, the percentage of pelts in prime condition was then assessed on weekly and half-monthly basis. This study indicates that starting the trapping season in the last half of the month may maximize the percentage …

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Effects Of Large-Scale Density Reduction On Brown Trout Growth And Movement In Spearfish Creek, South Dakota, Travis Rehm Jan 2018

Effects Of Large-Scale Density Reduction On Brown Trout Growth And Movement In Spearfish Creek, South Dakota, Travis Rehm

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Density-dependent growth is often observed in stream-dwelling Brown Trout Salmo trutta populations. In Spearfish Creek, South Dakota, biomass of adult Brown Trout (>200 mm) is about three times greater than that reported for similar Black Hills streams while mean length of adult fish is about 30% less. Here, we evaluate large-scale density reduction as a management tool for improving growth rate of stream-dwelling Brown Trout. We compared age-specific growth of wild Brown Trout in stream sections receiving 50% reductions in fish abundance. We also assessed the effect of fish density manipulation on Brown Trout movement patterns and home range …

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The Influence Of Spore-Forming Microorganisms On The Quality And Functionality Of Cultured Dairy Products, Dipakkumar Mehta Jan 2018

The Influence Of Spore-Forming Microorganisms On The Quality And Functionality Of Cultured Dairy Products, Dipakkumar Mehta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Spore formers are observed as the common spoilage-causing microflora in milk and dairy products. Their spore-forming ability increases their survivability during heat treatment which leads to their presence in a final product. Spore-forming bacteria have ability to produce many types of spoilage-causing enzymes which are potential to influence quality and functionality of the final product. Many researchers have studied the ability of spore formers to induce a spoilage in various dairy products but as per our knowledge, their spoilage-causing activities are not described in a detail for cultured dairy products. In our first objective, we have studied the ability of …

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Comparison Of Retaining Replacement Heifers In A Straight-Bred Angus System Versus Purchasing Crossbred Replacement Heifers To Be Bred To A Terminal Sire, Grady D. Ruble Jan 2018

Comparison Of Retaining Replacement Heifers In A Straight-Bred Angus System Versus Purchasing Crossbred Replacement Heifers To Be Bred To A Terminal Sire, Grady D. Ruble

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two evaluations were conducted to evaluate the biological and economic production efficiency of retaining replacement females in a straight-bred Angus herd (HR) as opposed to purchasing crossbred replacements for a terminal sire production system (PR) where maximum maternal and individual heterosis is achieved. The first study was a comparison of the HR system versus PR system. It was modeled after a 100 hd, straightbred Angus cowherd that raises their own replacement females. The (NASEM, 2016) model was used to determine the required metabolizable energy (ME)/animal for each stage of production. Stages were broken into segments including weaning – d 28, …

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Can Solvent-Or Mechanically-Extracted Carinata Meal Be Used As An Effective Source Of Supplemental Protein To Cows Fed Poor Quality Forages?, Emily Jacklyn Rosenthal Jan 2018

Can Solvent-Or Mechanically-Extracted Carinata Meal Be Used As An Effective Source Of Supplemental Protein To Cows Fed Poor Quality Forages?, Emily Jacklyn Rosenthal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Brassica carinata is an oilseed crop that requires a relatively short growing season and produces high crop yields. It is a great source for aviation biofuel, however it produces a large amount of waste that may be used as a protein supplement for cattle. We tested the effects of solvent- or mechanically-extracted carinata meal as a protein supplement to ad libitum ground or long-stem corn residue (i.e., corn plant left over from grain harvest) had on cow performance and digestibility. Fifty-six non-pregnant cows in 8 pens had ad libitum access to either long-stem or ground corn residue in addition to …

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Strategies To Improve Calf Performance: Improving Water Quality, Feeding Microbially-Enhanced Soy Protein, And Supplementing Condensed Whey Solubles, Nirosh Dias Senevirathne Jan 2018

Strategies To Improve Calf Performance: Improving Water Quality, Feeding Microbially-Enhanced Soy Protein, And Supplementing Condensed Whey Solubles, Nirosh Dias Senevirathne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six experiments were conducted for this dissertation research to evaluate strategies to improve growth performance and health of calves. Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and health effects were evaluated when calves were offered water treated with reverse osmosis system (RW), fed starter pellets supplemented with microbially-enhanced soy protein (MSP) or supplemented condensed whey solubles (CWS). The first two experiments were conducted to determine drinking preference, growth performance, and health of dairy calves offered RW or by a municipal water treatment plant (MW), compared with local untreated well water (WW). First a sequential elimination study was conducted to observed drinking preference of …

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Gtpase-Activating Protein-Binding Protein 1 Plays An Antiviral Role In Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) Replication, Kabita Pandey Jan 2018

Gtpase-Activating Protein-Binding Protein 1 Plays An Antiviral Role In Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) Replication, Kabita Pandey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is a non-segmented virus which uses one-stranded, positive-sense RNA as genetic material. PEDV falls under Coronaviridae family and extensive diarrhea and dehydration in nursing piglets are the major clinical signs. This emerging disease leads to huge economic loss in the pig farming. Very less studies are done towards the role of innate immunity in PEDV infection. The formation of Stress granules (SGs) are seen when cells are introduced to different stressful conditions, which also includes viral infections. SGs are formed when one of the four kinases: doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum …

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Evaluation Of Dietary Phytochemicals As Rumen Modifiers In Lactating Dairy Cows, Sonia Rodriguez Jimenez Jan 2018

Evaluation Of Dietary Phytochemicals As Rumen Modifiers In Lactating Dairy Cows, Sonia Rodriguez Jimenez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Phytochemicals such as tannins included in dairy cow nutritional programs, as a natural feed additive, promise to improve rumen bypass protein and consequently reduce the feeding cost by decreasing the amount of CP needed in the ration. Additionally, if tannins are fed along with high quality protein sources, this could improve the AA profile reaching the small intestine and potentially improving health and performance of dairy cows. The black pepper, specifically its alkaloid piperine, is a nontoxic, natural dietary compound with a broad range of physiological activity. Lactating dairy cows ingesting these phytochemicals (tannin extracts and black pepper) will potentially …

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Efficiency Of Utilizing Standardized Ileal Digestible Lys And Thr For Whole Body Protein Retention In Pregnant Gilts During Early, Mid And Late Gestation, Ron Aldwin Sapin Navales Jan 2018

Efficiency Of Utilizing Standardized Ileal Digestible Lys And Thr For Whole Body Protein Retention In Pregnant Gilts During Early, Mid And Late Gestation, Ron Aldwin Sapin Navales

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In pregnant pigs, amino acid (AA) requirements represent the sum of those required for maintenance functions, protein retention and efficiency of utilizing AA intake for the aforementioned body processes. The NRC (2012) model assumed AA efficiency is constant across period of gestation; however this is not reflective of the changes in metabolic demand during gestation. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of utilizing SID Lys and Thr for whole body protein retention (kSIDLys and kSIDThr) in pregnant gilts during early, mid and late gestation. Three 12 d N-balance studies were conducted to represent different periods of gestation. …

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Influence Of Production System On Animal Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, Environmental Impacts, Production Economics, And Consumer Preference For Beef, Megan Jean Webb Jan 2018

Influence Of Production System On Animal Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, Environmental Impacts, Production Economics, And Consumer Preference For Beef, Megan Jean Webb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The overall objective of this study was to determine if the level of growth promotant technology used among production systems influence animal and carcass performance, meat quality, production economics, the environmental impact, and determine consumer preferences and perception. Angus � Simmental steer calves (n =120) were stratified by birth date, birth weight, and dam age in a completely randomized design and assigned to one of four treatments: 1) no antibiotics (NA, receiving no technology); 2) non-hormone treated (NHTC, fed monensin and tylosin); 3) implant (IMPL, administered a series of three implants), and 4) implant plus fed a beta-agonist (IMBA, administered …

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Enhancing The Nutritive Value Of Corn Ddgs For Pigs, Casey Zangaro Jan 2018

Enhancing The Nutritive Value Of Corn Ddgs For Pigs, Casey Zangaro

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) can be a good alternative feedstuff to the traditional corn soybean meal diets since it has high fat and protein content. However, it has a high fiber content, which is not well digested by pigs and can reduce nutrient utilization by encapsulation. The nutritive value of fibrous feedstuffs like DDGS can be improved by supplementation with fiber-degrading enzymes. However, fiber-degrading enzymes have not been effective in improving digestibility of DDGS. The overall goal of this thesis research to was to unravel why pigs poorly digest DDGS and to develop strategies that can increase …

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A Pcr/Sequencing Technique To Identify Species And Genotypes Of Haemonchus From Mixed Trichostrongyle Egg Dna Recovered From Livestock Fecal Samples, Pratiksha Khanal Jan 2018

A Pcr/Sequencing Technique To Identify Species And Genotypes Of Haemonchus From Mixed Trichostrongyle Egg Dna Recovered From Livestock Fecal Samples, Pratiksha Khanal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six primer pairs, each with a pair of genus-specific and universal second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) primers were evaluated to amplify and sequence the ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA to identify the species and genotypes of Haemonchus from livestock fecal samples containing mixtures of trichostrongyle nematode eggs. Based upon the use of universal ITS2 primers on Haemonchus adults, the ITS2 region has been shown to contain three fixed single-nucleotide differences between H. placei and H. contortus. It is clinically useful to identify the species and genotypes of Haemonchus infecting livestock, but it has not been possible in fecal …

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Evaluation Of Carinata Meal In Dairy Heifer Feeding Programs, Karla Rodriguez-Hernandez Jan 2018

Evaluation Of Carinata Meal In Dairy Heifer Feeding Programs, Karla Rodriguez-Hernandez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The main purpose of this body of research was to evaluate carinata meal as a feedstuff for dairy heifers and lay the foundations for its future evaluation in lactating dairy cow diets. This research focused on evaluating the taste preference of carinata meal compared with other oilseeds meals and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Despite containing glucosinolates, carinata meal was preferred similarly to canola meal, had greater preference compared to camelina meal, and less preference compared to the other meals. Next, we used a limit-feeding strategy in two different feeding studies, to determine the effect of feeding carinata meal …

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Nutritional Value Of Modified Novel Oilseed Meals In Teleost Diets, Tom Kasiga Jan 2018

Nutritional Value Of Modified Novel Oilseed Meals In Teleost Diets, Tom Kasiga

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Carinata Brassica carinata and camelina Camelina sativa are being genetically modified to improve their composition for biofuel production and other agricultural applications. After oil extraction, the residual de-oiled meals (40%) in protein. However, their inclusion in animal feeds is limited to 10% because of high levels of antinutritional factors (ANFs), mainly glucosinolates (GLS), sinapine, and crude fiber that limit diet intake, nutrient utilization, and lower thyroxine production, resulting in reduced growth. The nutritional value of carinata and camelina seed meals to fish were assessed by subjecting cold pressed (CP) carinata and camelina meals to extrusion (EX), solvent extraction (SE) and …

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Effects Of Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Yeast Supplementation And Supplementation Frequency On Immune Parameters, Performance, And Digestibility Among Periparturient Beef Cows And Calves, Janine Swartz Jan 2018

Effects Of Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Yeast Supplementation And Supplementation Frequency On Immune Parameters, Performance, And Digestibility Among Periparturient Beef Cows And Calves, Janine Swartz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (EHY) and supplementation frequency (FREQ) on immune parameters among beef cows and calves was evaluated. Eighty multiparous (parity = 4.2 ± 0.3) cows were fed a common brome hay-based diet (CP = 8.0 ± 0.17%). Cows were blocked by expected calving date and stratified by body condition score (BCS) before random assignment of treatment. Beginning 88 ± 5 d prior to parturition, cows were provided 1 kg daily or 3 kg every 3 d of a soybean hull-based supplement (CP = 34.0, % of DM) that contained 0 or 3 g/kg EHY. The daily supplement …

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Distribution, Ecology, Disease Risk, And Genetic Diversity Of Swift Fox (Vulpes Velox) In The Dakotas, Emily Louise Mitchell Jan 2018

Distribution, Ecology, Disease Risk, And Genetic Diversity Of Swift Fox (Vulpes Velox) In The Dakotas, Emily Louise Mitchell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The swift fox (Vulpes velox), a native species once abundant throughout the Northern Great Plains (NGP), has declined due to changes in land use, historic predator eradication programs, and predation by larger canid species. Currently, the species is estimated to occupy 44% of its historic range. In the NGP, the status of the swift fox varies by state, ranging from furbearer to endangered species. However, knowledge of the current status of swift foxes in the NGP is lacking due to an absence of systematic population monitoring. Improving the current state of knowledge concerning swift fox populations in the …

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Evaluating Bighorn Sheep Herd Response After Selective Removal Of Mycoplasma Ovipneumoniae Chronic Shedders, Tyler J. Garwood Jan 2018

Evaluating Bighorn Sheep Herd Response After Selective Removal Of Mycoplasma Ovipneumoniae Chronic Shedders, Tyler J. Garwood

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Infected individuals vary in their contribution to disease persistence, and chronically infected individuals may sustain disease in a population. One disease that might persist in a population through chronically infected individuals is pneumonia in wild sheep. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo), a pathogen of Caprinae commonly present in domestic sheep and goats, strongly correlates with pneumonia epizootics when it infects wild sheep populations. These epizootics can cause 40-100% herd mortality in an initial all-age dieoff, precipitate annual lamb mortality as high as 100% in following years, and sustain adult mortality long after initial all-age dieoffs. We conducted an experiment in the Black …

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Western Prairie Stream Fisheries: An Assessment Of Past And Present Fish Assemblage Structure, Biotic Homogenization, And Population Dynamics In Western South Dakota Streams, Stephen Jones Jan 2018

Western Prairie Stream Fisheries: An Assessment Of Past And Present Fish Assemblage Structure, Biotic Homogenization, And Population Dynamics In Western South Dakota Streams, Stephen Jones

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biodiversity is declining globally, especially in in aquatic systems. Prairies are one of the most endangered ecosystem types in North America, and their conversion into agriculture or development as a result of urbanization has had negative effects on prairie stream fish communities. Continued monitoring of fish assemblage change and the population dynamics of prairie stream fishes will provide researchers and managers with valuable information needed to detect and mitigate past and future negative impacts on prairie stream aquatic ecosystems. Sampling was conducted in the mainstem and tributaries of the Grand, Moreau, Cheyenne, Bad, and White rivers within western South Dakota. …

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Organochloride Pesticides Present In Animal Fur, Soil, And Streambed In An Agricultural Region Of Southeastern Arkansas, Matthew E. Grilliot, John L. Hunt, Christopher G. Sims Jan 2018

Organochloride Pesticides Present In Animal Fur, Soil, And Streambed In An Agricultural Region Of Southeastern Arkansas, Matthew E. Grilliot, John L. Hunt, Christopher G. Sims

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Animals in agricultural settings may be subject to bioaccumulation of toxins. For the last several years, we collected hair samples from bats and rodents in an agricultural area near Bayou Bartholomew in Drew County, Arkansas. Samples were submitted to the Center of Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut for wide-screen toxin analysis. Several of these samples contained measurable amounts of organochloride pesticides or their metabolites, including some that have been banned for decades, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and chlordane. In addition, we collected several samples of soil from within an agricultural field, from adjacent edge habitat, from …

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Review Of The Family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) And A Molecular And Morphological Phylogeny Of The Annual Fish Genus Austrolebias Costa 1998, Marcelo Loureiro, Rafael O. De Sá, Sebastián W. Serra, Felipe Alonso, Luis Esteban Krause Lanés, Matheus Vieira Volcan, Pablo Calviño, Et. Al. Jan 2018

Review Of The Family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) And A Molecular And Morphological Phylogeny Of The Annual Fish Genus Austrolebias Costa 1998, Marcelo Loureiro, Rafael O. De Sá, Sebastián W. Serra, Felipe Alonso, Luis Esteban Krause Lanés, Matheus Vieira Volcan, Pablo Calviño, Et. Al.

Biology Faculty Publications

The family Rivulidae is the fourth most diverse clade of Neotropical fishes. Together with some genera of the related African family Nothobranchiidae, many rivulids exhibit a characteristic annual life cycle, with diapausing eggs and delayed embryonic development, which allows them to survive in the challenging seasonal ponds that they inhabit. Rivulidae also includes two species known as the only the self-fertilizing vertebrates and some species with internal fertilization. The first goal of this article is to review the systematics of the family considering phylogenetic relationships and synapomorphies of subfamilial clades, thus unifying information that is dispersed throughout the literature. From …

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Characterizing Glucose Tolerance In Adult Lew.1wr1 Rats, Luis Mercado, Genoah Collins, Amelia Clopp Jan 2018

Characterizing Glucose Tolerance In Adult Lew.1wr1 Rats, Luis Mercado, Genoah Collins, Amelia Clopp

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

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Across The Indian Ocean: A Remarkable Example Of Trans-Oceanic Dispersal In An Austral Mygalomorph Spider, Sophie E. Harrison, Mark S. Harvey, Steven J.B. Cooper, Andrew D. Austin, Michael G. Rix Jan 2018

Across The Indian Ocean: A Remarkable Example Of Trans-Oceanic Dispersal In An Austral Mygalomorph Spider, Sophie E. Harrison, Mark S. Harvey, Steven J.B. Cooper, Andrew D. Austin, Michael G. Rix

Research Datasets

The Migidae are a family of austral trapdoor spiders known to show a highly restricted and disjunct distribution pattern. Here, we aim to investigate the phylogeny and historical biogeography of the group, which was previously thought to be vicariant in origin, and examine the biogeographic origins of the genus Moggridgea using a dated multi-gene phylogeny. Moggridgea specimens were sampled from southern Australia and Africa, and Bertmainus was sampled from Western Australia. Sanger sequencing methods were used to generate a robust six marker molecular dataset consisting of the nuclear genes 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, XPNPEP3 and H3 and the …

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