Animal Sciences Commons^™

Nursery Pig Growth Response To Feed Ingredients And Feed Additives: I ). Spray-Dried Blood Plasma Vs. Spray-Dried Egg Effect On Nursery Pig Growth Performance Ii ). Effect Of Α-Galactosidase And Citric Acid On Nursery Pig Growth Performance When Added To A Corn-Soybean Meal Diet, Elizabeth Kaye Pegg

Theses and Dissertations

Nursery pigs are defined as newly weaned pigs adjusting to a solid-plant based diet after being weaned from a milk-based diet. Weaning has nutritional, environmental, social, and physiological impacts on the nursery pig. Nutrition is modified to accommodate changing needs of the nursery pig. The nursery pig diet is developed by adding highly digestible animal proteins to the standard corn-soybean meal swine diet. Development of the nursery diet improves pig performance but animal-based proteins can be expensive and do not address undigestible components of the plant-based ingredients. Addition of lower-cost animal proteins, addition of enzymes, and addition of acidifiers have …

Investigating A Role For The Ccaat/Enhancer-Binding Protein Δ In The Developing Zebrafish, Alisha Jennifer Beirl

Dissertations and Theses

The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPδ) is a highly conserved transcription factor capable of regulating numerous cell fate processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. C/EBPδ is inducible during cellular stress responses, including inflammation and responses to growth factor deprivation or thermal stress. C/EBPδ is stress-inducible in a diversity of fishes, including the zebrafish Danio rerio; however, little is known about its role in fish development. Here I show that overexpression of C/EBPδ leads to severe developmental defects, including reduced body length, edema, liver malformation and retinal abnormalities. The proportion of individuals that display developmental abnormalities is significantly …

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Polymer-Coated Urea, Curtis J. Ransom

Theses and Dissertations

Plants require N to complete their life cycle. Without adequate concentration of N, crops will not produce their potential yields. For turfgrass systems, N fertilizer application allows for the maintenance of functional, aesthetic, and recreational properties. However, fertilizer mismanagement is common and leads to N pollution in the environment. Controlled-release and slow-release fertilizers can enhance nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, reduce N pollution, minimize the need for repeated fertilizer applications, and reduce turfgrass shoot growth and associated costs. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these fertilizers in the Intermountain West, research is needed. The timing of N release was evaluated for …

Testing The Feasibility Of Bioacoustic Localization In Urban Environments, Blaire O'Neal

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Bioacoustics is a relatively new field of research focused on studying the acoustic signals of vocal animal species. The field has been a topic of interest for many years due its passive approach and avoidance of species-level limitations, such as tracking rare or nocturnal species. It has been used to locate birds in terrestrial environments; however, localization in urban environments remains unstudied. This research aims to fill the gap by attempting to estimate the location of 30 discrete calls in eight unique, urban environments. Sites represented two distinct traffic scenarios: moderate traffic and high traffic. Three system arrays of three …

Evolutionary Relationships Of The Critically Endangered Frog Ericabatrachus Baleensis Largen, 1991 With Notes On Incorporating Previously Unsampled Taxa Into Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses, Karen Siu-Ting, David J. Gower, Davide Pisani, Roman Kassahun, Fikirte Gebresenbet, Michele Menegon, Abebe A. Mengistu, Samy A. Saber, Rafael O. De Sá, Mark Wilkinson, Simon P. Loader

Biology Faculty Publications

Background: The phylogenetic relationships of many taxa remain poorly known because of a lack of appropriate data and/or analyses. Despite substantial recent advances, amphibian phylogeny remains poorly resolved in many instances. The phylogenetic relationships of the Ethiopian endemic monotypic genus Ericabatrachus has been addressed thus far only with phenotypic data and remains contentious.

Results: We obtained fresh samples of the now rare and Critically Endangered Ericabatrachus baleensis and generated DNA sequences for two mitochondrial and four nuclear genes. Analyses of these new data using de novo and constrained-tree phylogenetic reconstructions strongly support a close relationship between Ericabatrachus and …

P-26 Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys Imbricata) Density And The Effect Of Pollution Debris On The Crawling Rates Of Hawksbill Hatchlings In Utila, Honduras, Kyungje Sung, Stephen Dunbar, H. Thomas Goodwin

Honors Scholars & Undergraduate Research Poster Symposium Programs

The hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is a critically endangered species. Hence, various conservation efforts by groups such as ProTECTOR are taking place to stabilize its population. To support such efforts, my study focused on the turtle population in and around the island of Utila, Honduras. Specifically, I examined the critical migration period of hawksbill turtle hatchlings from nest to water to determine if various densities of plastic pollution had an effect on crawling times. A reduction in crawling time is critical for it could increase predation time. Furthermore, the pollution debris may deter movement, causing the hatchling to …

P-28 The Prevalence Of Encysted Toxoplasma & Sarcocystis In Consumer-Grade Pork, Beef, And Mutton In Michiana, Ross Trecartin

Honors Scholars & Undergraduate Research Poster Symposium Programs

Commonly present in the muscle of animals are the tissue cysts of Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and levels of Toxoplasma/Sarcocystis tissue cysts in retail pork, beef, and mutton throughout the Michiana area. A total of 36 samples, 12 from each species, were exposed to a digestive solution mimicking stomach conditions. The solution consisted of Pepsin 0.75% , NaCl 0.86%, and HCl adjusted to a pH of 1-2. The digested samples were then strained through several layers of cheesecloth, centrifuged, and examined for the presence of parasites.

Triple Immunoglobulin Gene Knockout Transchromosomic (Tc) Cattle: Bovine Lambda Cluster Deletion And Its Effect On Fully Human Polyclonal Antibody Production, H. Matsushita, A. Sano, H. Wu, J. Jiao, P. Kasinathan, E. J. Sullivan, Zhongde Wang, K. Kuroiwa

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Towards the goal of producing fully human polyclonal antibodies (hpAbs or hIgGs) in transchromosomic (Tc) cattle, we previously reported that Tc cattle carrying a human artificial chromosome (HAC) comprising the entire unrearranged human immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain (hIGH), kappa-chain (hIGK), and lambda-chain (hIGL) germline loci produced physiological levels of hIgGs when both of the bovine immunoglobulin mu heavy-chains, bIGHM and bIGHML1, were homozygously inactivated (bIGHM-/-, bIGHML1-/-; double knockouts or DKO). However, because endogenous bovine immunoglobulin light chain loci are still intact, the light chains are produced both from the hIGK and hIGL genomic loci on the HAC and from the endogenous …

Soy Products With Reduced Levels Of Sulfite, Free Radicals And Methanethiol, William L. Boatright

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Patents

Soy products or compositions are treated with a food grade iodate compound or a cystine compound to reduce levels of methanethiol, sulfites and sulfite free-radicals, sulfate free radicals and other free radicals generated from sulfite free radicals in the soy products or compositions by 1% to 95%.

Effects Of Covering System, Sealing Time, And Packing On Fermentation, Nutritional Quality, And Organic Matter Loss Of Corn Silage In A Drive-Over Pile, Katie Rose Nutcher

Dairy Science

This project involved an experiment conducted using a 550-ton capacity drive-over pile of whole-plant corn silage. The main effects compared were: packing the final forage surface with a loader or crawler, delay or immediate sealing, and covering with standard plastic or an oxygen barrier film.

Numerous studies have shown that the absence of oxygen in silage stored in a bunker silo or pile is crucial for proper fermentation and to ensure the highest quality silage at feed out. When oxygen is allowed to permeate through the covering material, it leads to visible spoilage. This trial showed that the oxygen barrier …

A Recommendation For The California Dairy System Reform Based On A Comparative Study Of Dairy Market Structuring And Pricing Systems Of Seven Leading Dairy Industries In 2014., Meredith Frisius

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

Best Management Practices For Raising Dairy Calves From Birth To Weaning, Alexa Cabral

Dairy Science

There are many different ways to raise calves on dairy farms in the United States. The way calves are raised can depend on the resources, natural environment and operation of the farm. There is no right or wrong way to raise calves. However, the aim of raising calves is to find the best way to raise a healthy calf so that she will become a productive cow. The objective of this literature review was to determine the ideal management practices for raising a healthy calf from birth to weaning. This literature analyzed numerous articles that covered all aspects of calf …

Preparing Samples Of Rancid Milk For Milk Judging Contests, Danielle Li

Dairy Science

Due to the growing concern of raw milk, there is a growing need for other methods of preparing rancid milk for milk judging. The origin of rancidity in milk is due to lipolysis caused the lipase enzyme. However, with pasteurization, the lipase enzyme is inactivated. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effect of using lipase powder to other current methods of preparing rancid milk, such as utilizing raw milk. Result showed that all treatments caused desired rancidity. The second purpose was to compare the rancidity between Method A, two to three hour incubation at room temperature, and …

Development Of Applied Standard Operating Procedures And Monitoring Practices, Nick Southfield

Dairy Science

Development of a standard operating procedure program for Southfield Dairy was chosen in order to improve the work environment and animal health with an underlying goal to improve profitability. Critical control points for the milk barns, maternity barn and calf barn on the dairy, were identified as being critical to the production of quality milk, both for sale and calf feed. Data recording implementation through identification of recordable data, equipment purchases, and log sheet production, was done so to increase relevant information available for veterinary services and specialty consultants. Implementation of procedural documents and training programs are discussed to see …

A Literature Review On Injection-Site Lesions In Dairy Cows And Culling Decisions, Eric B. Parsons

Dairy Science

Currently dairy producers face particular problems concerning their culled cows and bulls, these problems must be addressed so dairy producers have the opportunity to improve the quality of beef produced from their cull dairy cows. At the moment, not much is known about culling decisions outside “break-even” numbers and poor cow conditioning. This literature review outlines the strategy behind culling decisions and looks into potential plans to develop progressive body conditioning and quality of meat sent to auction. Currently the dairy industry is not placing much demand into providing the livestock auctions and harvest plants with higher quality meat. This …

Updated Ethography For European Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) In Central Coast Vineyards, Vic A. Guerrero

Wine and Viticulture

No abstract provided.

Using Progesterone As An Indicator Of Ovarian Response To Stimulation In Cattle, Kayla Mariah Kauffman

Animal Science

No abstract provided.

Genetic Canine Agression, Isabella O'Toole

Thinking Matters Symposium Archive

Canine aggression can pose a serious concern for public and animal welfare. Most of what we know about aggression comes from bite statistics, expert opinions and breed-specific aggressiveness. These sources can often be misleading due to biases toward large or powerful breeds. In this review, I will examine a study that suggest a small number of genes control aggression.

The Implications Of Global Warming Upon United States Dairy Herds: Effects On The Economics Of Dairying And Stability Of Herds With Low Genetic Diversity, Lauren Lusby

Dairy Science

Global warming (GW) is of real concern for the current U.S. agricultural industry. The agricultural industry has had a hand in emitting into the atmosphere. Severe heat spells seen nationwide and volatile climate shifts have pushed states such as California to implement governmental support to high impact areas due to dwindling water sources. Motivated dairy industry members have created plans to reduce dairy GHE contribution. Some research has suggested a benefit in GHG emissions from fewer cow-higher production approaches to dairy farmers. Most U.S. dairy cattle are specialized due to high inbreeding values created by selecting for few production traits …

Fallow Bucks Attend To Vocal Cues Of Motivation And Fatigue, Benjamin J. Pitcher, Elodie F. Briefer, Elisabetta Vannoni, Alan G. Mcelligott

Sentience Collection

Vocalizations encode a range of information about the caller, and variation in calling behavior and vocal structure may provide listeners with information about the motivation and condition of the caller. Fallow bucks only vocalize during the breeding season and can produce more than 3000 groans per hour. Males modulate their calling rates, calling faster when other calling males and/or females are nearby. Groans also reveal caller fatigue, becoming shorter and higher pitched toward the end of the rut. Thus, fallow deer groans vary both over very short (minute to minute) and longer timescales (the rut). However, no studies have investigated …

Learning And Memory In The Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus Portusjacksoni, Tristan L. Guttridge, Culum Brown

Sentience Collection

Basic understanding of the fundamental principles and mechanisms involved in learning is lacking for elasmobranch fishes. Our aim in this study was to experimentally investigate the learning and memory capacity of juvenile Port Jackson sharks, Heterodontus portusjacksoni. Sharks (N = 30) were conditioned over a 19-day period to associate an underwater LED light or stream of air-bubbles [conditioned stimulus (CS)] with a food reward [unconditioned stimulus (US)], using three procedures (delay, trace and control). During experiments, the CS signalled at a random time between 180 and 300 s for 30 s (six times per day). For the delay the US …

Prevalence Of Disorders Recorded In Dogs Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices In England, Dan G. O'Neill, David B. Church, Paul D. Mcgreevy, Peter C. Thomson, Dave C. Brodbelt

Epidemiology Collection

Purebred dog health is thought to be compromised by an increasing occurence of inherited diseases but inadequate prevalence data on common disorders have hampered efforts to prioritise health reforms. Analysis of primary veterinary practice clinical data has been proposed for reliable estimation of disorder prevalence in dogs. Electronic patient record (EPR) data were collected on 148,741 dogs attending 93 clinics across central and south-eastern England. Analysis in detail of a random sample of EPRs relating to 3,884 dogs from 89 clinics identified the most frequently recorded disorders as otitis externa (prevalence 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.1–11.3), periodontal disease (9.3%, 95% CI: …

Effects Of Alternative Protein Milk Replacer Versus All-Milk Protein Milk Replacer On Weight Gain And Grain Intake In Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves, Kayla Sandoval

Dairy Science

The objective of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference in weight gain and grain intake between Holstein calves fed milk replacer with an alternative protein source and an all-milk replacer. The study took place on a large commercial calf operation in the Central Valley of California. All calves on trial were Holstein bull calves and started the trial within three to ten days of birth. Calves on trial were weighed a total of four times. The 236 treatments did not start until the second weight was measured at about 30 days of age and was …

Haccp-Based Program For Central Coast Creamery: A Small-Scale Artisan Cheese Production Facility, Catherine Machado

Dairy Science

This project was designed to outline a HACCP-based program that could be used for the start-up of Central Coast Creameries personal plan. The goal was to first provide a layout to more easily distinguish the hazards that the plant might face. After doing so the HACCP plan was made to eliminate those hazards both efficiently and successfully.

The Analysis Of Solar Photovoltaic Power System On A Large Central Valley Dairy Farm, Brogan Rose Fernandes

Dairy Science

The objective of this paper was to determine the financial benefits of installing a PV solar system on a dairy farm in California to create a more efficient and profitable business. The data used was based off Fernoak Farms electrical bills from Southern California Edison before and after solar installation. The background knowledge of how PV solar systems work and their design was incorporated, along with the research of the past, present, and future solar markets. The characteristics of energy consumption on an average dairy farm is given to show the amount of electricity needed to keep the dairy facility …

The Effects Of Implementing Cow Cooling For Oostdam Dairy: Benefits From Milk Production, Feed Intake, And Reproduction, Mark Oostdam

Dairy Science

Heat stress has a major effect on management decisions for a dairy operation because of the decrease in the cows productivity. Dairy cattle loose efficiency of economic production due to lower milk yields and decreased pregnancy rates. Milk loss due to heat stressed cows in California averages a loss of 293 kg of milk/cow/year(St.-Pierre et al., 2003), and with milk prices reaching record highs, dairies are losing out on increased revenue opportunity. Increases in reproductive infertility from heat stress also affect revenue for a dairy operation by reducing conception rates (Hansen 1997) and pregnancy rates, which causes the average days …

Improving Cow Comfort To Reduce Health Issues And Increase Milk Yield On Dairy Farms, Shonlyn Ferrari

Dairy Science

In recent years the dairy industry has been looking more and more into cow comfort. This is because there are many benefits to ensuring cows are in some of the best new facilities. I looked into some of the major issues relating to cow comfort which include how to improve your own dairy, what health problems are common with inadequate cow comfort, and how these issues relate back to milk yield. First cow comfort is outlined and explained, then health problems are shown to be caused by improper cow care and lastly how cow comfort can improve milk yield. In …

Setting Up A Safety Program For California Dairies., Shelby Locke

Dairy Science

The purpose of this project was to take the best research for dairy safety in California and combine it in everyday terminology that the average dairy producer could understand. In today’s dairy industry, money is tight and decreasing costs is very important. By implementing a safety program that is in compliance with CAL/OSHA’s standards, injuries will decrease, saving the dairy producer money. This paper has highlighted the major topics for a new dairy to start their safety training program. It includes descriptions of the hazards, responsibilities for employers and employees and ways to prevent accidents from occurring. By summarizing the …

Identifying Factors Affecting The Low Western Rock Lobster Puerulus Settlement In Recent Years Final Frdc Report – Project 2009/18, Nick Caputi, Ming Feng, Simon De Lestang, Ainslie M. Denham, James D. Penn, Dirk Slawinski, Alan Pearce, Evan Weller, Jason R. How

Fisheries Research Reports

Objectives 1. To use a larval advection model and the rock lobster population dynamics model to assess the effect of the spatial distribution of the breeding stock on the puerulus settlement 2. To assess environmental factors (water temperature, current, wind, productivity, eddies) and breeding stock affecting puerulus settlement 3. To examine climate change trends of key environmental parameters and their effect on the western rock lobster fishery

Potential Eradication And Control Methods For The Management Of The Ascidian Didemnum Perlucidum In Western Australia, Julieta Muñoz, Justin I. Mcdonald

Fisheries Research Reports

In Western Australia, the invasive colonial ascidian Didemnum perlucidum was first detected in the Swan River Estuary in 2010 and subsequently recorded at multiple locations across the State. Ongoing research by the Department of Fisheries (the Department) indicates that this species exhibits strong seasonal changes in abundance. Although, D. perlucidum is able to reproduce sexually (larvae) and asexually (budding) year round, larvae density and settlement, and overall colony size significantly decreases during the colder months (winter). From a management point of view this period would present the best opportunity for an attempt at eradication or control of this species.