Animal Sciences Commons^™

Factors Affecting Autumn Deer–Vehicle Collisions In A Rural Virginia County, William J. Mcshea, Chad M. Stewart, Laura J. Kearns, Stefano Liccioli, David Kocka

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Vehicular collisions with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a safety and economic hazard to motorists. Many efforts to reduce deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) have proven unsuccessful, but deer reduction has been a primary management tool in several states. The Virginia Department of Transportation geo-located all known DVCs in Clarke County, Virginia, from August through December 2005 (n = 246) and 2006 (n = 259). We estimated harvest intensity, deer population density, amount of forest and housing development, presence of row crops, and traffic volume and speed for 228 road segments (each 500 m in length) within the …

Book Review Urban Wildlife Management, Jennifer Lynch

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

The Soap Box Help Me, I Need To Know, Roger D. Applegate

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Aversive Conditioning On Behavior Of Nuisance Louisiana Black Bears, Jennifer Leigh, Michael J. Chamberlain

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Complaints associated with nuisance activity by Louisiana black bears (Ursus americanus luteolus) in south Louisiana have steadily increased since 2000, demanding intervention by state and federal agencies. As a federally threatened species, Louisiana black bears that are a nuisance require nonlethal management, referred to as aversive conditioning. We used rubber buckshot and dogs to test the effectiveness of management techniques used by the state of Louisiana to deter nuisance bear activity. We captured 11 bears in residential and industrial areas where nuisance bear activity was reported. We fitted bears with radiotransmitting collars and released them within 2 km …

How People Should Respond When Encountering A Large Carnivore: Opinions Of Wildlife Professionals, Dylan E. Brown, Michael R. Conover

Human–Wildlife Interactions

We conducted telephone surveys of wildlife professionals who work with large carnivores to ask their opinions about how people should respond to avoid being injured when confronted by a black bear (Ursus americana), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), mountain lion (Puma concolor), or gray wolf (Canis lupus). The respondents agreed that the most appropriate response was to try to increase the distance between a person and the carnivore. In the event of an attack by a black bear, mountain lion, or wolf, most respondents said to fight back. Opinion was divided over the …

From The Field Conflicts Between Local Villagers And Tibetan Brown Bears Threaten Conservation Of Bears In A Remote Region Of The Tibetan Plateau, Fiona R. Worthy, J. Marc Foggin

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Aerial Cluster Sampling Of Double-Crested Cormorants On Aquaculture Ponds In Mississippi, Brian S. Dorr, Loren W. Burger Jr., Scott C. Barras

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Concern over increasing numbers of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and their impacts on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture has resulted in increased need for quantitative information to develop and evaluate depredation management efforts. We evaluated aerial surveys in a stratified cluster sampling (SCS) design to estimate and monitor abundance of cormorants on catfish aquaculture ponds in the Yazoo River Basin of Mississippi, USA (hereafter Yazoo Basin). Twice monthly abundance estimates and coefficient of variation during winter averaged 8,128 (n = 29, SE = 1,233) and 33% (n = 29, SE = 0.02), respectively. Counts of cormorants …

The Effect Of Road Crossing On Fish Movements In Small Etowah Basin Streams, Paul D. Benton, William E. Ensign, Byron J. Freeman

Faculty Articles

Increased road construction associated with urbanization may result in fragmentation and loss offish populations in streams. In this study, we documented frequency of movement of fishes through three separate types of road-crossings (clear-span bridges, box culverts, and tube culverts) in six small streams using mark-recapture sampling. Upstream movement between areas separated by either box or tube culverts was lower than upstream movement between similar areas not separated by a road crossing. Downstream movement between areas separated by box culverts was also lower than downstream movement between areas without obstructions. Upstream and downstream movement between areas separated by clear-span bridges was …

Simultaneous Incubation By Two Females And Nestling Provisioning By Four Adults At A Savannah Sparrow Nest, Nathan J. Zalik, Noah G. Perlut

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

We present the first observations of misdirected parental care by Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) including a rare occurrence of simultaneous incubation. Two females simultaneously incubated eggs, brooded, and fed nestlings, and two males fed nestlings in one nest. These behaviors may have been prompted by strong parental instincts in combination with a stressful breeding environment mediated by hayfield management, as any genetic benefits were unlikely.

Low-Density Rodent Communities In Eastern Virginia, Robert K. Rose, Jean F. Stankavich

Virginia Journal of Science

Two communities of small mammals were live trapped every other week for 15 months in linear oilfield habitat bordered by forested swampland in eastern Virginia. All nine species of the rodent community were present, mostly in low numbers and often intermittently. All species were characterized by high transiency, with a minority of marked animals becoming resident. Despite high trappability, all but two species in these communities had extremely low densities, suggesting that most species could not sustain populations via in situ reproduction.

A Literature Review Of The Effects Of Energy Development On Ungulates: Implications For Central And Eastern Montana, Mark Hebblewhite

Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications

A literature review of >160 scientific and technical reports was conducted to review the effects of energy development ungulates, separated by important seasonal and habitat types. Effects of energy development and human activity in general were assessed for elk, mule deer, pronghorn antelope, moose, bighorn sheep and woodland caribou. Weaknesses of the existing literature in addressing and providing guidelines for the management of energy development are presented. A recommended course of action for management oriented research is presented. Finally, a searchable electronic database is developed of the literature including abstracts and digital copies to aid in evaluating future energy development …

Advancing Epidemiological Science Through Computational Modeling: A Review With Novel Examples, Scott M. Duke-Sylvester, Eli N. Perencevich, Jon P. Furuno, Leslie A. Real, Holly Gaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Computational models have been successfully applied to a wide variety of research areas including infectious disease epidemiology. Especially for questions that are difficult to examine in other ways, computational models have been used to extend the range of epidemiological issues that can be addressed, advance theoretical understanding of disease processes and help identify specific intervention strategies. We explore each of these contributions to epidemiology research through discussion and examples. We also describe in detail models for raccoon rabies and methicillin-resis-tant Staphylococcus aureus, drawn from our own research, to further illustrate the role of computation in epidemiological modeling.

Swimming Dynamics And Propulsive Efficiency Of Squids Throughout Ontogeny, Ian K. Bartol, Paul S. Krueger, Joseph T. Thompson, William J. Stewart

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Synopsis Squids encounter vastly different flow regimes throughout ontogeny as they undergo critical morphological changes to their two locomotive systems: the fins and jet. Squid hatchlings (paralarvae) operate at low and intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re) and typically have rounded bodies, small fins, and relatively large funnel apertures whereas juveniles and adults operate at higher Re and generally have more streamlined bodies, larger fins, and relatively small funnel apertures. These morphological changes and varying flow conditions affect swimming performance in squids. To determine how swimming dynamics and propulsive efficiency change throughout ontogeny, digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) and kinematic …

Mycobacteriosis-Associated Mortality In Wild Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) From Chesapeake Bay, Usa, D. T. Gauthier, R. J. Latour, D. M. Heisey, C. F. Bonzek, J. Gartland, E. J. Burge, W. K. Vogelbein

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The striped bass (Morone saxatilis) is an economically and ecologically important finfish species along the Atlantic seaboard of the United States. Recent stock assessments in Chesapeake Bay (USA) indicate that non-fishing mortality in striped bass has increased since 1999, concomitant with very high (>50%) prevalence of visceral and dermal disease caused by Mycobacterium spp. Current fishery assessment models do not differentiate between disease and other components of non-fishing mortality (e. g., senescence, predation); therefore, disease impact on the striped bass population has not been established. Specific measurement of mortality associated with mycobacteriosis in wild striped bass is …

Dictionary Of Invertebrate Zoology, Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Scott Gardner

Zea E-Books Collection

An exhaustive dictionary of over 13,000 terms relating to invertebrate zoology, including etymologies, word derivations and taxonomic classification. Entries cover parasitology, nematology, marine invertebrates, insects, and anatomy, biology, and reproductive processes for the following phyla: Acanthocephala Annelida Arthropoda Brachiopoda Bryozoa Chaetognatha Cnidaria Ctenophora Echinodermata Echiura Entoprocta Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Mesozoa Mollusca Nemata Nematomorpha Nemertea Onychophora Pentastoma Phoronida Placozoa Platyhelminthes Pogonophora Porifera Priapula Rotifera Sipuncula Tardigrada.

doi:10.13014/K2DR2SN5

Growth And Reproduction Properties Of Capoeta Trutta (Heckel,1843) In Karakaya Dam Lake, Ercan Kalkan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, 510 samples of Capoeta trutta living in Karakaya Dam Lake were studied. After determining sex distribution, size (length and weight), growth rates, and growth conditions factors of 210 C. trutta specimens were examined. The number of female and male specimens was 104 and 106, respectively. The age of females and males ranged between 1-7 and 0-7 years, respectively. The age-length, age-weight, and length-weight curves were constructed. According to the von Bertalanffy equation, females and males were: L_t = 89.5[1-e^{-0.0571(t+2.4138))}], W_t = 9627.1[1-e^{0.0571(t+2.4238))}]^{3.0325} L_t = 76.4[1-e^{-0.0604(t+2.6514))}], W_t = 5207.2[1-e^{0.0604(t+2.6514))}]^{2.9322}, respectively . The calculated length-weight relation (W) was 0.0116 …

Additional Notes On The Odonata Fauna Of Kurupelit (Samsun, Turkey), Ali̇ Mi̇roğlu, Veysel Kartal

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study 387 Odonata specimens were collected and identified from the vicinity of streams and puddles in Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey, between May and October 2002-2005. In all, 27 species from 17 genera belonging to 9 families were identified, 9 of which (Coenagrion scitulum, Ischnura elegans ebneri, Aeshna affinis, Aeshna isosceles antehumeralis, Anax parthenope, Hemianax ephippiger, Libellula depressa, Libellula fulva, and Orthetrum brunneum) are new records for the Odonata fauna of Samsun. This study includes faunistic and distributional records of the 27 species.

A New Species Of Idarnotorymus Masi, 1916 (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) From Turkey, Oğuzhan Doğanlar, Mi̇kdat Doğanlar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Some specimens of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) were collected in Turkey, one of which belongs to Idarnotorymus Masi, 1916 (Torymidae: Toryminae) as a new species, I. burdurensis, and is described from Burdur province. The diagnostic characters of the genus and the new species are reviewed, and photographs and line drawings of I. burdurensis are presented.

Diet Composition Of The Pharaoh Eagle Owl, Bubo Ascalaphus, In Azraq Nature Reserve, Jordan, Adwan Hussien Shehab, Michal Ciach

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Pellets of the Pharaoh Eagle Owl Bubo ascalaphus were collected from Azraq Nature Reserve in the Eastern Desert of Jordan. Analysis of the content of the owl pellets yielded the remains of 107 individuals of prey representing 15 different species. Based on the numbers of individual prey items, 13.1% was represented by 3 insectivores (Hemiechinus aff. auritus, Crocidura suaveolens, and Suncus etruscus) and 73.8% by 4 rodents (Mus aff. musculus, Meriones libycus, Gerbillus nanus, and Jaculus jaculus). In total, mammals constituted 86.9% of the total number of prey items and 89.9% of the prey mass. We also identified 4 birds …

Nucleolar Organizer Regions (Nors) Of The Spiny Mouse, Acomys Cilicicus (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Ati̇lla Arslan, İrfan Albayrak, Nahi̇t Pamukoğlu, Tarkan Yorulmaz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of Acomys cilicicus were examined. The karyotype of A. cilicicus is composed of 2n = 36, FN = 70, and FNa = 66. Ag-NORs are located on the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 5 and, as a secondary constriction, on the long arm of chromosome 6 in this species. All the NORs are homomorphic and large-sized.

A Contribution To The Age-Class Determination Of Martes Foina Erxleben, 1777 From Turkey (Mammalia: Carnivora), İrfan Albayrak, Ahmet Selçuk Özen, Andrew Charles Kitchener

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was based on 57 beech marten (Martes foina) specimens collected in Turkey between 1994 and 1998. The specimens were divided into 3 age classes as young, juvenile, and adult on the basis of the morphology of the sagittal and lambdoidal crests, and temporal ridges, relative lengths of the interorbital and postorbital constrictions, the degree of wear in molar and canine teeth, baculum weight and structure, pelage color, cranial and bacular measurements, and field notes concerning sexual maturity and lactation. Young, juvenile and adult specimens were readily identified by the shape of the temporal ridges on the skull. These …

Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) Species Associated With Some Umbelliferae Plants Occurring In Palandöken Mountains Of Erzurum, Turkey, İrfan Çoruh, Sali̇ha Çoruh

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Ichneumonidae species associated with Umbelliferae plants in Palandöken Mountains in Erzurum were investigated between July 1996 and August 1997. Among the 5 plant species, Seselis libanotis and Carum carvi were more attractive for ichneumonid species than the rest of the species. The first one was visited by 13 ichneumonid species with 109 individuals and the second one was visited by 9 species with 220 individuals. All these plant species could be accepted good nectar reservoir for ichneumonids.

Contribution To The Quadroppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) Fauna Of Turkey, Şule Baran, Nusret Ayyildiz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Descriptions of a newly recorded Quadroppiidae (Ohkubo, 1995), Quadroppia (Coronoqouadroppia) paolii (Woas, 1986), for the Turkish fauna and a previously known species, Quadroppia quadricarinata (Michael, 1885), are examined using scanning electron microscopy and their distributions are presented.

First Record Of Chromogobius Zebratus (Gobiidae) For The Mediterranean Coast Of Turkey, Semi̇h Engi̇n, Göktuğ Dalgiç

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Kolombatovic's goby Chromogobius zebratus, was caught for the first time from the Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The lateral-line system and morphometric features of this species were examined.

Characterization Of Branchial Na,K-Atpase From Three Freshwater Fish Species (Oreochromis Niloticus, Cyprinus Carpio, And Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Gülüzar Atli, Mustafa Canli

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Branchial Na,K-ATPase activity was characterized in 3 freshwater fish species (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oreochromis niloticus, and Cyprinus carpio) with different ecological needs. Na^{+}, K^{+}, and Cl^{-} concentrations in the gills were also measured. The maximal Na,K-ATPase activity was observed at 100 mM Na^{+}, 20-40 mM K^{+}, 3-4 mM Mg^{2+}, and 1 mM ouabain. The maximal velocity (Vmax) of Na,K-ATPase isolated from O. mykiss (1.07 µmol Pi/mg prot/h) was lower than that isolated from O. niloticus (7.25 µmol Pi/mg prot/h) and C. carpio (7.44 µmol Pi/mg prot/h). Nevertheless, Na^{+}, K^{+}, and Cl^{-} levels in O. mykiss were higher than the others. The …

Karyotypes Of Two Iranian Bat Species, Myotis Blythii And Miniopterus Schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae, Miniopteridae), Ahmet Karataş, Muhammed Mouradi Gharakheloo, Teoman Kankiliç

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The karyotypes of 2 bat species from Iran were examined. The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) and the fundamental numbers of chromosomal arms (NFa) were determined to be 2n = 44 and NFa = 54 for Myotis blythii and 2n = 46 and NFa = 50 for Miniopterus schreibersii, respectively. The karyotypes of Iranian bats show similarity within populations in other countries with respect to the diploid chromosome numbers; however, they are quite different in the fundamental chromosome numbers and the numbers of autosomal arms.

Wood Destroying Insects In Düzce Province, Süleyman Akbulut, Aki̇f Keten, Beşi̇r Yüksel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Wood destroying insects were investigated in forest depots, imported timbers, and wood products in use in Düzce province. In the collection of insect material trap logs, storage decks, and samples of wooden materials were used. In total, 63 insect species belonging to 31 families of 4 orders were found, and 34 of the identified species were categorized as pest species. In forest depots, the most common insects were bark beetles and longhorned beetles. Several wood-destroying insects were found in imported timbers, such as Platypus cylindrus (Fabricius), Xyleborus sp., and Lymexylon navale (Linnaeus). In addition, the Coleopteran species Lyctus brunneus (Stephens), …

The Species Of The Genus Monatractides Viets, 1926 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) In Turkey, Yunus Ömer Boyaci, Muhli̇s Özkan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The morphological characters, measurements, habitats, and global distributions of Monatractides stadleri (Walter, 1921) and M. lusitanicus (Lundblad, 1941) from springs of Western Anatolia are described and compared with each other. Furthermore, a key to species of Monatractides known from Turkey is given.

A Study Of The Turkish Cryptini Iv. (Cryptinae: Ichneumonidae: Hymenoptera), Mehmet Faruk Gürbüz, Janko Kolarov

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Faunistic data of 39 species belonging to the tribe Cryptini from Cryptinae subfamily were studied. All species were collected from Isparta and surrounding districts between 2001 and 2004. General distribution of each species was given. Among them, 9 species noted in the text by asterisk are new records for the Turkish fauna.

Lead (Pb) And Copper (Cu) Concentration In The Eggshells Of Audouin´S Gull (Larus Audouinii) In Turkey, Zafer Ayaş, Hüseyi̇n Çeli̇kkan, Mehmet Levent Aksu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Audouin´s gull (Larus audouinii) eggshells from 2 archipelagos (Karaburun-İzmir and Aydıncık-Mersin) in Turkey were collected between 2002 and 2003, and analyzed for lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) content. According to the results, mean Cu level of the eggshells was 1.855 ppm for the Aydıncık colony and 10.202 ppm for the Karaburun colony. Mean Pb level of the eggshells was 0.954 ppm for the Aydıncık colony and 4.601 ppm for the Karaburun colony. The detected metal levels did not seem to have any toxic effects on the Audouin´s gull populations. It is suggested that eggshells from abandoned nests of Audouin´s gulls …