Animal Sciences Commons^™

Research Proposal Summary: Effects Of Nutrition During Gilt Development On Sow Lifetime Productivity Of Two Prolific Maternal Lines, Rodger K. Johnson, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

A four-parity study is proposed to examine the effects of nutritional manipulation during gilt development on subsequent sow performance. Gilts will be selected from two genetic lines that are highly prolific, but differ in rate and composition of growth. During the development period (45 to 250 lb), gilts will be provided either; i) ad libitum access to feed, or ii) ad libitum access to feed until 120 days of age (180 lb) and 75% of ad libitum feed intake thereafter (until first post-pubertal estrus). Sow and litter performance criteria will be examined. In addition, the economics of sow productivity and …

Prrsv Negative Herds: A Survival Analysis, Locke Karriker, Ruby Destajo

Nebraska Swine Reports

Despite a significant body of research, interventions for PRRSV infection remain elusive. Traditional approaches to managing the risk of diseases have not been successful in many cases of PRRSV infection. While elimination of the virus from farms is possible, it is not without cost and re-infection is common. This survey sought to quantify the expected duration of PRRSV negative status on farms that were repopulated with PRRSV negative animals or had undergone a PRRSV elimination program. Results of 96 cases reveals a range of <1 to 312+ weeks duration of negative status. A survival analysis of 84 farms revealed a probability of surviving with negative status for two full years of 58.3% with a standard error of 11.5%. The probability of survival through 4 years was 42% with a standard error of 16%. A greater percentage of farms that were reinfected shared resources such as equipment, personnel, and/or vehicles with known positive farms. Positive farms also had a relatively shorter average distance to known positive farms than those remaining negative. The results of this study indicate that PRRSV-negative farms are not very likely to remain negative for a long duration given current technologies. Longer survival of negative status appears to be associated with greater distance from known positive farms and stricter biosecurity. Sharing of equipment and other resources as well as a closer distance to other farms should be considered risk factors that can lessen the probability of farms maintaining negative status.

How Big Is “Big Enough” To Make A Living In Pork Production?, Allen Prosch

Nebraska Swine Reports

The size of pork production units in Nebraska increased dramatically from 1989 to 2002. In 1989, producers who marketed less than 1,000 hogs per year held 61% of Nebraska’s hog inventory. By 2002, only 23% of Nebraska’s hogs were held by those producers. Many decisions affect the size of a swine production unit. Basic to any decisions on size is whether the enterprise is profitable and can provide a reasonable living to those owning and working in the unit. Data from the Nebraska Swine Enterprise and Records Analysis program suggests that Nebraska farrow-to-finish producers needed to increase the size of …

Ação Regulatória Do Gnrh No Desenvolvimento Embrionário Precoce E Vitrificação De Embriões Suínos Pelo Método De Microgota (Role Of Gnrh During Early Embryonic Development And Development Of Swine Embryos Following Vitrification By Microdroplet Method), Marcelo Marcos Montagner

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of GnRH on the preimplantation development of mouse embryos in vitro. GnRH-I, GnRH-II, and GnRH agonists: Des-Gly, Des-Trp and histrelin did not improve embryo development. However, treatment with the specific GnRH antagonist SB-75 blocked embryo development at morula stage. The inhibition of embryo development by SB-75 could be rescued by the addition of histrelin. To determine which intracellular signaling cascade is involved following binding of GnRH to the GnRHR, embryos were cultured in the presence of specific PKC (GFX) or PKA (SQ22536) inhibitors. The PKC inhibitor blocked embryo development at …

Effectiveness Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles As A Replacement For Oilseed Meal In Supplements For Cattle Consuming Poor Quality Forage, Heidi Doering-Resch, Cody Wright, Kent Tjardes, George Perry, Kelly Bruns, Bradley Rops

South Dakota Beef Report, 2005

A two-year study was conducted at the South Dakota State University Southeast Research Farm in Beresford, SD, to determine the effects of feeding supplemental dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on the performance of mid-gestation and non-gestating, non-lactating beef cows. Ninety-six gestating beef cows (initial BW = 1276.4 ± 22.2; initial BCS = 4.7 ± 0.09) and 96 non-gestating, non-lactating beef cows (initial BW = 1214.0 ± 20.8; initial BCS = 5.4 ± 0.10) were used for year 1 and year 2, respectively. Cows were stratified by weight and allocated to one of 15 pens. Pens were then randomly assigned …

Body-Induced Vortical Flows: A Common Mechanism For Self-Corrective Trimming Control In Boxfishes, Ian K. Bartol, Morteza Gharib, Paul W. Webb, Daniel Weihs, Malcolm S. Gordon

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Boxfishes (Teleostei: Ostraciidae) are marine fishes having rigid carapaces that vary significantly among taxa in their shapes and structural ornamentation. We showed previously that the keels of the carapace of one species of tropical boxfish, the smooth trunkfish, produce leading edge vortices (LEVs) capable of generating self-correcting trimming forces during swimming. In this paper we show that other tropical boxfishes with different carapace shapes have similar capabilities. We conducted a quantitative study of flows around the carapaces of three morphologically distinct boxfishes (spotted boxfish, scrawled cowfish and buffalo trunkfish) using stereolithographic models and three separate but interrelated analytical …

Living Digestibility Of Alfalfa And Barley In Llamas (Lama Glama) In The Agricultural Experimental Center Condoriri, Adelaida Alarcon Chuquichambi

Theses and Dissertations

The following investigation was carried out in the Agricultural Experimental Center Condoriri (CEAC), dependent on the Faculty of Agricultural Livestock Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, located to the North of the Province border of the Department of Oruro, a distance of 12 km from the town of Caracollo and 49 km from the city of Oruro. The production of llamas and alpacas in our country is an activity of ecological, social, and especially ecological importance for Andean inhabitants. In nutrition, the fundamental factor is the power of absorption; this is because the yield of animal production depends on the quantity and …

In Vivo Digestibility In Llamas (Lama Glama), Fed With Barley And Paja Brava At The C.E.A.C., Martha Jesusa Llanos Pérez

Theses and Dissertations

The Highlands of Bolivia present a great diversity of native botanical species with strong forage characteristics, providing them with a considerable potential for usage as a resource in the feeding of cattle. The following work was performed with the idea of taking advantage of the zone’s native species as a source for the feeding of llama cattle. In order to accomplish it, we took into consideration the following variables: food consumption, water consumption, amount of fecal excretions, urine volume, body weight, and the digestibility of the nutrients found in the food prepared with paja brava and barley (ash, protein, fiber, …

Investigation Of Seasonal Sex Changes And Young Activities In Wolf And Ground Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae, Gnaphosidae), Muhammed İsmai̇l Varol, Faruk Kutbay

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Seasonal activities of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and ground spiders (Gnaphosidae) were studied in a meadow in Van between 30.11.1993 and 27.11.1994. Nineteen species belonging to 4 genera in Lycosidae and 11 species belonging to 6 genera in Gnaphosidae were identified by using pitfall traps. It was observed that male and female lycosids were active from February to July, subadult lycosids were active from May to July, female gnaphosids were active from March to October, male gnaphosids were active from February to October and subadult gnaphosids were active from February to November. In Lycosidae, adults comprised 31% of the population, the …

Morphometric, Karyotypic And Electrophoretic Analysis Of The Genus Apodemus Kaup, 1826 (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Thrace, Reyhan Çolak, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Thirty-two specimens of Apodemus in Thrace were evaluated. Ten specimens of A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus were karyotyped. Eighteen specimens were electrophoresed to determine patterns of the esterase enzyme system. Morphometric analysis showed that A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus were the closest species in a comparison between A. agrarius. A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus with the same karyotypic values of 2n = 48, Nfa = 46, and NF = 48. Patterns of the esterase enzyme system clearly separated A. flavicollis, A. sylvaticus and A. agrarius.

The Turkish Gecko Hemidactylus Turcicus Prefers Vertical Walls, Milan Vogrin, Andreja Miklic

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In summer 1997 on the island of Pag in Croatia, we studied a selection of perching sites of the Turkish gecko Hemidactylus turcicus. With the transect sampling of 1 hour in 2 days we found 102 geckos. Adults as well as juveniles were founds mostly on vertical walls.

Biochemical And Molecular Nutrition Blocks As Dietary Supplements In Llamas (Lama Glama) In The Last Third Of The Gestation Period Of The Ceac, Janette Illanes Callejas

Theses and Dissertations

The present work consisted in the use of biochemical and molecular nutrition blocks (BMN) in llamas during the last third of the gestation period, at the Agricultural Experiment Center of Condori (CEAC), located 49 km north of the city of Oruro, and 12 km north of the Caracollo population, in the province of Cercado. For this research work, we used 20 pregnant llamas in the last third of their gestation period, between the ages of 2 and 3 years old, 10 of which belonged to the Khara breed, and 10 to the Thampulli breed. Two corrals of 7 x 7 …

Can Otolith Elemental Signatures Record The Capture Site Of Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus Eleginoides), A Fully Marine Fish In The Southern Ocean?, J. R. Ashford, C. M. Jones, E. Hofmann, I. Everson, C. Moreno, G. Duhamel, R. Williams

CCPO Publications

Otolith chemistry has been successfully used to reconstruct the environmental history experienced by estuarine-dependent teleost fish, including movement between estuaries and coastal areas. However, application has been more limited in species exposed exclusively to oceanic waters, where gradients in physical and chemical properties are less extreme. To test whether otolith elemental signatures record spatial information in an oceanic species, we sampled otoliths from Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) and used an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) coupled to a laser ablation system to target the outer otolith edges corresponding to the period immediately before capture. Using multivariate analysis …

Reproductive Characteristics Of High Body Condition Mares With High Versus Low Leptin Concentrations, Cara A. Waller

LSU Master's Theses

Two experiments were performed to discover what, if any, reproductive differences exist in high body condition (BCS) mares with varying concentrations of leptin. Previous research showed that mares with high body condition scores can have a range of leptin levels, from very low (<5 ng/mL) to very high (>10 ng/mL). Earlier results indicated that most mares with high body condition scores maintain estrous cycles or show significant follicular activity during the winter. Among these high BCS mares, about 30% of them exhibit hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinemia. The first experiment was designed to compare the reproductive characteristics of high BCS mares with high versus low leptin …

Consumer Sensory Acceptance And Value Of Domestic, Canadian, And Australian Grass-Fed Beef Steaks, B. M. Sitz, Chris R. Calkins, D. M. Feuz, W. J. Umberger, Kent M. Eskridge

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

To determine US consumer acceptance and value of beef from various countries, 24 taste panels of consumers (n = 273 consumers) were conducted in Denver and Chicago. Two pairs of strip steaks were evaluated for flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and overall acceptability on eight-point hedonic scales. One pair consisted of an Australian grass-fed strip steak and a domestic strip steak, whereas the other pair included Canadian and domestic strip steaks. The pairs were matched to similar Warner-Bratzler shear values and marbling scores to decrease variation associated with tenderness and juiciness. A variation of the Vickery auction was used to obtain silent, …

Effects Of Corn Moisture And Degradable Intake Protein Concentration On Finishing Cattle Performance, Joshua R. Benton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Casey N. Macken, Kyle J. Vander Pol

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing trial was conducted to determine the effects of corn moisture and degradable intake protein level on cattle performance. Diets consisted of 65% processed corn, either dry-rolled, high-moisture at 24% or 30% moisture, or reconstituted dry corn at 28% or 35% moisture. Degradable intake protein levels were evaluated by adding 0%, 0.45% or 0.90% urea (DM basis). Supplementing 0.45% urea increased performance and sufficiently met degradable intake protein requirements. Diets containing high-moisture and reconstituted corn improved cattle performance compared to diets containing dry-rolled corn. Increasing the moisture of ensiled corn further enhanced the feeding value of corn by improving …

Effect Of High Roughage And High Energy Diets On Body Temperature, Sheryl L. Colgan, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Four heifers were used in two trials comparing the effect of high energy and high roughage diets on three body temperature measurements. Body temperatures were measured in the vagina, in the ear canal near the tympanic membrane, and in the rumen. The high roughage diet lowered all three measures of body temperatures as compared with the high energy diet. Vaginal, tympanic, and ruminal temperature all appeared to effectively measure body temperature as they followed the same diurnal cycle; however, ruminal temperatures were, on average, 0.5 to 1.4°F higher than other body temperature measures.

Comparison Of Two Development Systems For March-Born Replacement Beef Heifers, Kelly W. Creighton, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Richard T. Clark, Don C. Adams

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A three-year study (2001-2003) was conducted to determine the effect of development system on reproductive performance of first-calf heifers. March-born heifers (n=261) were developed to reach either 55% of mature body weight (MBW) before a 45-day breeding season or 50% of MBW before a 60-day breeding season. Extending the breeding season 15 days for heifers developed to 50% of MBW prior to the first breeding season resulted in equal pregnancy, calving and weaning rates to heifers developed to 55% of MBW. Furthermore, the reduction in development costs in the 50% of MBW system more than offset the reduced income from …

Evaluation Of Initial Implants For Finishing Steers, Jeffrey D. Folmer, Travis B. Farran, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Chris D. Reinhardt, Bill D. Dicke, Jim S. Drouillard

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A commercial feedlot experiment utilizing 12 pens and 1038 steers evaluated initial implant strategies for feedlot steers. Steers were administered either Revalor-IS® or Synovex S® at initial processing. Both treatment groups received Revalor-S® as a terminal implant. Revalor-IS® as an initial implant improved hot carcass weight and carcass adjusted final weight; however, there was no effect on any other measure of performance or carcass characteristics. Selling steers on a carcass merit basis resulted in a similar return per head for both implant strategies. Reduced-dose combination implants may improve hot carcass weight and carcass adjusted final weight with no impact on …

Reproductive Response In Heifers Fed Soybeans During Post Weaning Development, Heidi L. Harris, Andrea S. Cupp, Kelly W. Creighton, Rex Davis, James R. Teichert, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of soybeans on reproduction in heifers. In Experiment 1, heifers received whole soybeans or control diet with wet corn gluten feed for 110 days. Heifers receiving soybeans had decreased synchronization rate and delayed estrous response. Diet did not affect AI conception, AI pregnancy, or final pregnancy rates. In Experiments 2 and 3, heifers received supplements of ground soybeans or dried distillers grains. Heifers in Experiment 2 were predominantly prepubertal and supplemented 161 days. Heifers in Experiment 3 were postpubertal and supplemented 30 days. Heifers fed soybeans had larger dominant follicles than those fed …

Direct-Fed Microbial Products For Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Market Ready Feedlot Cattle, Robert E. Peterson, David R. Smith, Jeffrey D. Folmer, Galen E. Erickson, Susan Hinkley, Rodney A. Moxley

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A clinical trial was conducted during the summers of 2002 and 2003 to evaluate the effect of a direct-fed microbial product (DFM) on the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in feces of feedlot steers. The DFM consisted of Lactobacillus acidophilus (NPC 747) fed at the rate of 1x109 colony forming units (CFUs) per head per day. Treatments included supplemental DFM or no supplemental DFM. Feedlot steers supplemented with DFM were 35% less likely to shed E. coli O157:H7 in the feces compared with steers that were not supplemented with the DFM. Finishing performance was not affected by adding a DFM …

Pre-Rigor Water Injection And Post-Rigor Sodium Citrate Treatment On Beef Tenderness, Bethany M. Sitz, Pennapa Matayompong, Christian D. Perversi, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Thoracic limbs from 20 beef steers were used as post-rigor controls, prerigor controls (removed pre-rigor), or treated with combinations of sodium citrate and/or water to evaluate the effect of citrate on meat tenderness. Shear force values on steaks from the infraspinatus, supraspinatus and triceps brachii muscles revealed citratetreated muscles were more tender than water and post-rigor control treatments. It appears sodium citrate can tenderize meat independent of water injection.

Effect Of Chromium Propionate And Fat Source On Growth, Carcass Traits, And Meat Quality In Swine And The Effect Of Chromium Propionate On Growth And Carcass Traits In Broilers, Ashunti Ria Jackson

LSU Master's Theses

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the chromium propionate (CrProp) in swine and poultry diets. Two broiler experiments, each utilizing 1,460 Ross X Ross broilers, were conducted to evaluate the effects of 0, 200, 400, or 800 ppb CrProp on growth performance and carcass traits in 0 to 42 and 0 to 49 d-old broilers. In Exp. 1, 400 ppb Cr decreased (P < 0.10) ADG and G:F in the grower phase, but mortality was reduced (P < 0.10) in broilers fed 200 ppb or 800 ppb Cr. In the finisher phase, G:F was increased (P < 0.10) in broilers fed all dietary levels of Cr, and mortality was reduced (P < 0.10) in broilers fed 200 and 400 ppb Cr. Chromium did not affect the overall growth data or carcass traits. In Exp. 2, CrProp did not affect growth performance. The results indicated that Cr as CrProp improved G:F in the later phases of growth and reduced mortality in Exp. 1 but not in Exp. 2. In Exp. 3, 108 crossbred Yorkshire gilts were used to examine the effects of 0 or 200 ppb CrProp on iodine value, fatty acid profile of fat, growth, carcass traits, and pork quality from gilts fed tallow or choice white grease (CWG). Chromium decreased (P < 0.03) 10th rib back fat and increased (P < 0.02) percent muscle. Gain:feed was increased (P < 0.003) and ADFI decreased by fat addition. Fat increased hot carcass weight (P < 0.07) and dressing percent (P < 0.02). Average back fat, 9th rib CL, and total loss were decreased (P = 0.02 to 0.04) by tallow. Belly width was increased (P < 0.08) by tallow, but belly bending on both the teatline and scribe side were increased (P = 0.004 to 0.01) by CWG. Iodine values on belly and loin samples were increased (P < 0.001) by CWG. Overall, Cr affected BF and percent muscle and the inclusion of tallow decreased (P = 0.03 to 0.09) belly and loin iodine value further than CWG or no added fat.

Abnormalities In The Ozark Hellbender, (Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis Bishopi) In Arkansas: A Comparison Between Two Rivers With A Historical Perspective, Waylon R. Hiler, Benjamin A. Wheeler, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We documented abnormalities of Ozark hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) populations in the Eleven Point River (Randolph County, Arkansas) and the Spring River (Fulton County, Arkansas) as part of ongoing monitoring efforts in this species. We found abnormalities in 90% (9 of 10) and 40% (36 of 97) of hellbenders in the Spring River and Eleven Point River, respectively, during the 2003-2004 field seasons. Most abnormalities found in Eleven Point hellbenders were generally less invasive and seemed to be more intrinsic to the species' natural history (i.e., vicissitudes of living), whereas those found in Spring River hellbenders were gross morphological aberrations. …

Status Survey Of The Arkansas Endemic Crayfish, Fallicambarus Gilpini Hobbs And Robinson, Henry W. Robison, Brian K. Wagner

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fieldwork was conducted during 2002-2003 on the rare, Arkansas endemic crayfish, Fallicambarus gilpini Hobbs and Robison. Collections at 87 localities revealed this crayfish at 8 sites, all located in southeastern Arkansas in Jefferson and Cleveland counties which significantly expands its known range. Fallicambarus gilpini was generally found inhabiting roadside ditches and areas of standing water where it was always taken from upslope areas away from the static water. A sex ratio of 1:1.3 males to females was determined for this species. Ovigerous females were collected from burrows on 20 March 2003. A conservation status of "threatened" is recommended for this …

Songbird Inventory For Arkansas Post National Memorial, Philip A. Tappe

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Two geographically separate units of Arkansas Post National Memorial were surveyed via fixed-radius plots to document songbird species composition, richness, and diversity by migratory status and nesting guild. At the Memorial Unit, 60 species vere recorded with the Brown-headed Cowbird, Red-winged Blackbird, and Northern Cardinal being most common. individuals of these three species comprised 30% of the total number of birds recorded despite representing only 5% of the species encountered. About 2 1/2 times more resident birds were recorded than migratory birds. However, species richness and diversity of resident and migratory species were similar. The number of individuals, species richness, …

Response Of An Arkansas White-Tailed Deer Population To Harvest, Robert E. Kissell Jr., Philip A. Tappe

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Deer-Vehicle Collisions In Arkansas, Philip A. Tappe

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

You Can Help Keep Western Australia Free Of Pest Animals, Marion Massam

Bulletins 4000 -

Quite apart from their economic and environmental impacts, the sheer nuisance value that certain pest animals can create for people - even in the shelter of our own backyards - is reason enough to want to keep them out of Western Australia.

Currently our State is free from numerous pest animals that, interstate or overseas, damage crops, spread exotic diseases, endanger the survival of native animals and disturb habitats.

You can help in maintaining this freedom, by being on the lookout for the animals featured on the following pages. As yet, they are either absent from Western Australia or confined …

The Effect Of Diets Varying In Dietary Cation-Anion Difference Fed In Late Gestation And In Lactation On Sow Productivity, Melanie Lynn Roux

LSU Master's Theses

Eighty-six primiparous or multiparous sows and their pigs were used to evaluate the effects of changing dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) in late gestation and in lactation on sow productivity. Twenty sows were used in Exp. 1, and the dietary treatments consisted of a positive control (PC) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet with four levels of DCAD (140, 99, 75, and 45 mEq/kg). These DCAD’s were achieved by four levels of SoyChlor (SC) additive (0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5%). In Exp. 2, 66 sows were used and the dietary treatments consisted of the diets providing DCAD of 140 and 45 mEq/kg. The …