Animal Sciences Commons^™

Maximal Replacement Of Forage And Concentrate With A New Wet Corn Milling Product For Lactating Dairy Cows, K. Buddugari, R. J. Grant

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments were conducted to determine the maximal amount of concentrate and forage that could be replaced with a new wet corn milling product. The corn milling product contained 23.1% crude protein, 9.9% ruminally undegradable protein, 13.7% acid detergent fiber, 40.3% neutral detergent fiber, and 2.6% ether extract (% of dry matter; DM). In experiment 1, 16 Holstein cows were assigned to one of four diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. The four diets contained 54.3% forage (alfalfa:corn silages, 1:1 DM basis) with the wet corn milling product replacing 0, 50, 75, or …

Atresia Revisited: Two Basic Patterns Of Atresia Of Bovine Antral Follicles, H. F. Irving-Rodgers, I. L. Van Wezel, M. L. Mussard, J. E. Kinder, R. J. Rodgers

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Our observations of bovine follicles indicated that the original histological classifications of atresia were inaccurate. A detailed histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of antral follicles from bovine ovaries collected from an abattoir and from animals whose large follicles had been monitored by ultrasonography was conducted to investigate this further. Nidogen and CD68 were immunolocalized to observe the follicular basal lamina and macrophages, respectively. In randomly collected ovaries, approximately one quarter of all antral follicles were undergoing antral atresia, as designated in this study. Antral atresia was characterized by early destruction of the layers of the membrana granulosa closest to the …

Genetic Variation In Two Conserved Local Romanian Pig Breeds Using Type 1 Dna Markers, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Andrew E. Lu, Alexandru Nagy, Richard Wales, Max F. Rothschild, Graham S. Plastow

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Analysis of the genetic variation of an endangered population is an important component for the success of conservation. Animals from two local Romanian pig breeds, the Mangalitsa and Bazna, were analyzed for variation at a number of genetic loci using PCR-based DNA tests. Polymorphism was assessed at loci which 1) are known to cause phenotypic variation, 2) are potentially involved in trait differences or 3) are putative candidate genes. The traits considered are disease resistance, growth, coat color, meat quality and prolificacy. Even though the populations are small and the markers are limited to specific genes, we found significant differences …

Nutritional Methods To Decrease N Losses From Open-Dirt Feedlots In Nebraska, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen losses from cattle feedlots are a concern due to loss of valuable N and enrichment of the atmospheric N pool. Nutritional methods to decrease losses would have economic and environmental benefit. One method to decrease N losses is by increasing carbon on the pen surface. From a management perspective, feeding a diet that will increase carbon may be the most cost effective. Therefore, three experiments evaluated feeding corn bran (less digestible than corn) at either 0, 15, or 30% of the diet. The 15 and 30% bran diets increase organic matter (carbon) excretion by approximately 0.5 and 1.0 kg/steer/d, …

Molecular Cloning Of An \Alpha-Amylase Gene From Bacillus Subtilis Rskk246 And Its Expression In Escherichia Coli And In Bacillus Subtilis, Numan Özcan, Adem Altinalan, Mehmet Sai̇t Eki̇nci̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Bacillus subtilis RSKK246 was found to produce approximately a 65-kDa \alpha-amylase enzyme. A gene was isolated encoding \alpha-amylase activity that corresponded to this size and was inserted into pUC18 plasmid which was transferred to Escherichia coli. An approximately 1.7kbp fragment, which contains a whole \alpha-amylase gene, was excised and inserted into pUB110 and then transferred into the different B. subtilis strains including RSKK246, RSKK243, RSKK244, YB886 and ORBAM. The a-amylase gene was cloned into the plasmids and expressed with its own promoter, and this promoter sequence seemed to function in the E. coli and in all B. subtilis strains. Specific …

Food Habits Of The Ouachita Dusky Salamander, Desmognathus Brimleyorum (Caudata: Plethodontidae), In Arkansas, David H. Jamieson, Peter J. Rust, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Status Of Pet Mountain Lions (Puma Concolor) In Arkansas, D. Blake Sasse

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Status And Distribution Of The Topeka Shiner Notropis Topeka In Eastern South Dakota, Carmen M. Blausey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Topeka shiner Notropis topeka is a small (< 75 mm) minnow that inhabits prairie streams in several north central plains states. Once widespread and abundant throughout its historic range, the Topeka shiner is now found only in isolated populations. Because of an 80% reduction in occurrence throughout their range, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the Topeka shiner as endangered in January 1999. At the time, limited information on habitat preferences and dist1ibution existed for this species in South Dakota. The objectives of this study were to measure local habitat features and water quality conditions at the reach scale at Topeka shiner study sites, create a model using these data to determine favorable habitat conditions, and identify fish species commonly associated with Topeka shiners. Fish and habitat data were collected at 61 tributary sites of the James, Vermillion, and Big Sioux rivers from June through September in 1999 and 2000. Sample sites in 1999 were based on historic Topeka shiner records in the South Dakota Natural Heritage Database. Sample sites in 2000 were based on a draft GIS model identifying potential Topeka shiner streams. Fish were collected with seines between block nets and standard procedures were used to measure physical and hydrological features of stream reaches. Cyprinids dominated the fish community for each river basin during both sample years. Insectivores and omnivores were the dominant trophic classes for each river basin for both sample years. Fish community associations for Topeka shiners were based on two stepwise logistic regression models: abundance of individual species at each site and presence or absence of individual species at each site. The abundance model indicated that Topeka shiners were most commonly associated with orangespotted sunfish Lepomis lutrenis and tadpole madtoms Noturns gyrinus. The presence/absence model showed that Topeka shiners were typically associated with red shiners Notropis lutrenis, tadpole madtoms Noturns gyrinus, black bullheads Ameiurus melas, and bigmouth shiners Notropis dorsalis. Habitat preferences were based on three stepwise logistic regression models: physical habitat water quality, and substrate composition at the reach scale. The physical habitat model indicated that Topeka shiners are associated with stream reaches that had low animal use, overhanging vegetation, stream bank vegetation comprised of sedges/rushes, low depositional zones, and run macrohabitat. The water quality model did not indicate any favorable or preferred conditions. The substrate model indicated that Topeka shiners are associated with stream reaches that had fine gravel or cobble substrates. The results of my study will lead to a better understanding of Topeka shiner distribution and habitat, and aid federal and state agencies in making management decisions that provide for protection and preservation of this species.

Redescription Of Eimeria Macyi (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From The Eastern Pipistrelle, Pipistrellus Subflavus (Mammalia: Chiroptera), From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Steve J. Upton, Stanley E. Trauth, David W. Allard

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Fish Culture On Macrobenthos Diversity And Abundance In The Matang Mangrove Estuary (Malaysia), Patricia Natin

Student Works (2000-2009)

A study on the effects of fish cage culture on mangrove macrobenthos diversity and abundance was carried out in the Matang mangrove estuary, Perak, Malaysia. Multiple investigations consisted of 4-month study, 12-hour study and I-day "grid" sampling. Six samplings (Dec 1999 - May 2000) were conducted along Sungai (River) Sangga Besar (SSB) (cage culture area) and Sungai Sangga Kecil (SSK) (non-cage culture area) by using a 0.1 m² Petersen Grab, Forty-four families (I nemertean, 12 polychaete, 5 bivalve, 11 gastropod, 7 decapod, 2 isopod, 2 amphipod, I ophiuroid and 3 fishes), comprising of 53 species were found, which increased in …

Seroprevalance Of Babesia Ovis In Sheep In Malatya, Müni̇r Aktaş, Ali̇ Düzgün, Cahi̇t Babür

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out in Malatya and vicinity to determine the seroprevalance of Babesia ovis in sheep. A total of 220 sheep sera were tested against B. ovis using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In addition, peripheral blood smears from these sheep were prepared and examined for B. ovis. The ELISA test showed that 55.9% of sheep were seropositive for B. ovis infection. The infection rate was 49.2% in sheep which were 1-12 months old and 59% in sheep which were older than one year. In the microscopic examination of blood smears, four out of 220 sheep were found …

A Study On The Fattening Performance Of Tushin Lambs Subjected To Intensive Feeding, Mevlüt Karaoğlu, Muhli̇s Maci̇t, Ayhan Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Some characteristics related with the fattening performance of Tushin lambs reared in the Research and Application Farm of Ataturk University and subjected to intensive fattening were determined. The inital fattening weight, final fattening weight, and total and daily weight gain during the fattening period were 19.71 kg, 38.07 kg, 18.35 kg and 203.48 g respectively. The feed conversion ratio (kg feed consumed/kg live weight gain) was 5.01. The effect of year on final fattening weight, total weight gain and average daily weight gain was found to be significant (p

Some Microbiological, Chemical And Physical Characteristics Of Pastırma Marketed In Erzurum, Muhammet İrfan Aksu, Mükerrem Kaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, 48 pastırma samples collected from 6 different retailers were examined. It is concluded that lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus were found to be dominant in the flora. From the microbiologic analyses, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mould counts were determined as 4.00-7.45 log CFU/g, 3.75-7.89 logCFU/g,

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Intussusception In A Cow, Murat Dabak, Emi̇ne Ünsaldi, Yusuf Gül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An 8-year-old cow admitted to the Veterinary Faculty, Internal Medicine Clinic (University of Fırat, Elazığ/TURKEY), was diagnosed with intussusception, and the diagnosis was confirmed by experimental laparotomy. Intussusception was corrected by enterectomy and intestinal anastomosis. Defecation on the day following the operation indicated normal intestinal flow. The animal was kept under observation for ten days after the operation, and had a full recovery.

The Determination Of Ensiled Qualities Of Corn, Alfalfa And Sugar Beet Pulp And The Effects On Food Intake And Nutrient Digestibility When Fed To Lambs In Different Forms, Pinar Tatli, İ. Hali̇l Çerçi̇, Fuat Gürdoğan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted in two stages to determine the ensiled qualities of corn, alfalfa and sugar beet pulp, and the effects on food intake and nutrient digestibility of corn and alfalfa silages used alone, together and with sugar beet pulp silage in lambs. In the first stage, corn, alfalfa and sugar beet pulp were ensiled and silos were opened after 45 days. Silage samples were taken for determination of silage quality and the samples were analysed. Dry matter (DM) levels of corn, alfalfa and sugar beet pulp silages were found to be 28.56 and 31.44, 16.74%, respectively. The pH, …

Renesting - Female's Success After Nesting Failure And The Renesting Of The Dickcissel (Spiza Americana) At Prairie Ridge State Natural Area, Kevin L. Wentworth

Masters Theses

Renesting - Female's success after nesting failure. Many birds are unsuccessful in their first nesting attempt, so renesting is often a very important way for birds to increase their lifetime fitness and for populations to maintain stable numbers. I examined the importance of renesting and the factors that encourage or discourage a female from renesting and also the factors that affect the success of these renests. I also looked for patterns in renesting behavior (e.g., renesting interval, renesting distance, percentage of females that attempt renests, and the success of renests) of birds by comparing different studies. I used a total …

Invertebrate Egg And Plant Seed Banks In Natural, Restored, And Drained Wetlands In The Prairie Pothole Region (Usa) And Potential Effects Of Sedimentation On Recolonization Of Hydrophytes And Aquatic Invertebrates, Robert Andrew Gleason

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sediment is the major pollutant of wetlands, lakes, rivers, and estuaries in the United States and it poses unique threats to wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Sediment may impact the success of wetland restorations because burial of invertebrate and plant propagules may impact hatching and germination success, and hence, may hamper successional changes throughout interannual climate cycles. Sedimentation also reduces the pool depth and volume, further exacerbating the recovery of hydrophyte communities in restored wetlands. I evaluated the potential impacts of sedimentation on prairie wetlands from several perspectives. First, I evaluated the effects of sedimentation on loss of …

Recolonization Of The Flicker And Other Notes From Isla Guadalupe, Mexico, Paul R. Sweet, George F. Barrrowclough, John Klicka, Liliana Montanez-Godoy, Patricia Escalante

Ornithology Program (HRC)

During a visit to Isla Guadalupe from 31 May to 3 June 1996, we documented three species new to the island, the Barn Owl, Swainson's Thrush, and Hooded Oriole, and established first breeding records for the European Starling and Western Meadowlark. Red-shafted Flickers are now breeding on the island, representing a recent recolonization from the mainland following the extinction of the endemic population. We investigated the validity of Colaptes auratus rufipileus and concluded that it doesn’t meet the standard for phylogenetic species but differs from C. a. collaris at the 75% level usually associated with subspecific rank. Damage to the …

A Study On Direct And Indirect Effects Of Some Factors On Weaning Weight Of A Awassi Lambs, Mehmet Topal, Nuri̇ni̇sa Esenbuğa

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The correlation coefficients divided into direct and indirect effects among ewe weight in the mating period and lambing, birth weight and weaning age of lamb, and weaning weight of Awassi lambs raised in Erzurum conditions were determined in this study. In path analysis, the direct and indirect impact of birth weight and weaning age of lamb on weaning weight were found to be highly significant. Partial correlation and standardized partial regression coefficients among weaning weight, birth weight and weaning age of lamb were also observed to be highly significant.

Fisheries Occasional Publication No. 31 - Feeding Lupins To Fish: A Review Of The Nutritional And Biological Value Of Lupins In Aquaculture Feeds, Brett Glencross

Fisheries Occasional Publications

Lupins are the harvested seed of species from the Lupinus genus, a group within the leguminous bean and pea family Fabaceae. Legumes are particularly valuable agricultural crops because of their capacity to provide a grain crop and also fix and return nitrogen to soils and improve the soil value for further cropping. The oilseeds, soybeans and peanuts are also leguminous plants, though traditionally they have been cropped for their oil value, whereas lupins, are cropped for both their protein and nitrogen fixing value (Gladstones, 1998; Perry et al., 1998).

The three key commercial species of lupins are L. angustifolius (Narrow-leafed …

Antioxidants Protect Turkeys Against Toxicity Of Aflatoxin, Roger A. Coulombe Jr.

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Toxins stemming from mold in feed grains are unavoidable in poultry production. "Mycotoxins" such as aflatoxin B (AFB1) are among the most potent liver-damaging toxins known. AFB1 is also a probable human carcinogen. Poultry are the most sensitive of all farm animals to the toxic effects of even small amounts of AFB1. Although poultry don’t generally live long enough to develop cancers, AFB1-related diseases adversely affect their health. This aflatoxin can cause slowing of growth and decreased resistance to microbial pathogens that make poultry ill. Because these toxins are so pervasive in feed grains, eliminating them has proved either impractical …

The Diagnosis Of Antibodies Against Newcastle Disease Virus By Hi And Elisa Tests In Vaccinated Chickens, Nejat Aydin, Hakan Yardimci, K. Semi̇h Gümüşsoy, Belgi̇n Erdem

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine serum antibody levels against the Newcastle disease virus in vaccinated chicken flocks in addition to experimental animals by hemagglutination inhibition (HI)test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compare the results. Methanol-precipitated antigen prepared from the LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus was used with peroxidase-labelled rabbit anti-chicken IgG as a conjugate and ortho-phenylenediamine as a substrate in ELISA. The negative threshold was found to be an optical density of 0.19 (OD)at a 490-nm wavelength.In addition to the 50 experimental animals, a total of 504 chicken sera (broiler,layer and breeder flocks)collected from …

Prevalence Of Cryptosporidium Spp. Oocysts In Diarrhoeic Calves In Kars Province, Turkey, M. Özkan Arslan, Yunus Gicik, H. Meti̇n Erdoğan, Bariş Sari

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in diarrhoeic calves in Kars province. The study was conducted between February 1999 and June 1999, involving 140 diarrhoeic calves from 8 different localities (Kars-Central district, Karakaş, Bulanık, Karakale, Hacıhalil, Boğazköy, Susuz-Central district, and Arpaçay). These localities were visited once during the study period, and fresh faecal samples were taken from the rectums of the calves up to 3 months old. Faecal samples were centrifuged and the resulting sediments were smeared on glass slides. The slides were stained by the modified acid-fast technique and examined under light …

The Distribution Of Nitric Oxide Synthase In The Rat Spinal Cord, Mümtaz Nazli, Richard Morris

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Since the proposal that nitric oxide acts as an intercellular signalling molecule in the nervous system, a large number of studies have been carried out to determine its functions in neural tissue. In this study, neuronal nitric oxide synthase using the highly specific polyclonal nature of an antibody is observed mainly in laminae I-II_i, lamina X and in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord. The distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase was confirmed and extended the work done in previous studies. Distinct concentrations of neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing small to medium sized neurones were seen in …

Determination Of Antibody Production By Ifat And Elisa In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Immunized By Yersinia Ruckeri Bacterin, Ayşegül Kubi̇lay, Gülşen Ti̇mur

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the induced antibody level of rainbow trout immunized by Yersinia ruckeri bacterin was determined using two serological techniques, namely, indirect fluorescent antibody (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The induced humoral antibody levels were studied after intraperitonal injection of Yersinia ruckeri bacterin inoculates containing Freund's incomplete adjuvant or PBS in rainbow trout during the experimental period of 20 weeks. The control and experimental groups each contained 20 fish. The group which was immunized by the PBS containing bacterin inoculate received a booster injection. Experiments were carried out in 11-12°C water. Low antibodies titres were detected by ELISA …

Screening Of Some Turkish Plants For Antibacterial Activity, Oya Keleş, Seyyal Ak, Tülay Bakirel, Keri̇m Alpinar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Some 14 ethanol extracts from 13 plant species collected from various regions of Turkey were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against two Gram positive and 5 Gram negative bacteria, using the disc-diffusion and dilution methods. The diameter of the inhibition zone in the disc-diffusion method shows that 12 extracts from the 14 plants studied have antibacterial activity in different levels. The broadest spectrum of activity was exhibited by Malva sylvestris against five bacteria, whereas the Verbascum spp. extract only showed activity against one. The highest antibacterial activity was produced by the extract of Hypericum perforatum. The minimum inhibitory concentration …

In Vitro Antibacterial Activities Of Tilmicosin And Cefquinome Alone Or In Combination Against Certain Poultry Pathogens, Seyyal Ak, Oya Keleş, Tülay Bakirel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The antimicrobial activities of cefquinome and tilmicosin were determined in vitro against P. multocida and O. rhinotracheale of poultry origin by serial broth macrodilution. Both antibiotics exhibited good in vitro antibacterial activity against the strains tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for cefquinome was 1.562 µg/ml and for tilmicosin was 0.78 µg/ml for both microorganisms. To investigate the effects of a combination of cefquinome and tilmicosin, the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was determined by checkerboard assay. The antimicrobial combination was additive against P. multocida (FIC=1) and indifferent against O. rhinotracheale (FIC=2).

Comparison Of Ovine Spermatozoal Morphological Features After Staining Of Fixation And Assessment Of Morphological Abnormalities In Dead/Live Spermatozoa, Yavuz Öztürkler, Alper Baran, Mi̇that Evecen, Kemal Ak, İ. Kamuran İleri̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objectives of this study were to (i) compare the effects of two staining techniques and one fixative solution on the morphological features of ram spermatozoa and (ii) evaluate the morphological features of dead/live spermatozoa by using Eosin-Nigrosin staining. The morphological features of raw spermatozoa were evaluated (by Phase Contrast microscopy) after staining with Eosin-Nigrosin mixture or Nigrosin (alone), or after fixation with Hancock's buffered formol saline solution. 42 raw pooled semen samples from 6 Kıvırcık rams were used. The percentages of spermatozoa with abnormal acrosomes and total morphological abnormalities averaged 3.97% and 14.78% in Hancock's solution, compared with averages …

A Case Of Death In A Foal Caused By Salmonella Typhimurium, N. Yakut Özgür, Toru Anzai, Babür Cari̇oğlu, Funda Bağcigi̇l, Serkan İki̇z, Ati̇lla Ilgaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this report, the isolation of a Salmonella typhimurium strain as pure culture from abcess foci on the liver, spleen, kidney, stomach and intestines, and lungs of an 8-month-old, male, Thoroughbred foal, which had died in a racehorse breeding farm, is presented. Heavy respiratory infection and prolonged antibiotic therapy were considered to be stress factors that played a significant role in this case.

Rapid Identification Of Avian Salmonella Isolates By Air Thermal Cycler Amplification And Capillary Gel Electrophoresis, K. Tayfun Çarli, Vi̇ldan Caner, Ayşegül Eyi̇gör

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The possible use of a genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of Salmonella colonies was tested on 14 reference strains and 38 clinical Salmonella strains isolated from chickens by the standard method of the National Poultry Improvement Plan and Auxiliary Provisions (NPIP), USDA, U.S.A. All the PCRs using primer pairs InvA1 and InvA2 (5) gave 281 bp amplification product specific for the Salmonella genus and produced results identical (100%) to those obtained with biochemical and serological methods. Thus, the genus-specific capillary PCR for the identification of a colony of Salmonellae from a selective agar plate was performed within …