Animal Sciences Commons^™

A Pilot Study Of The Impact Of Metaphylactic Treatment At Processing On Lung Lesions At Slaughter, W. B. Epperson

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

The utility of metaphylactic antibiotic/anti-inflammatory treatment in prevention of cattle lung lesions was examined. Sixty-nine, single source, ranch direct, fall weaned steers were allocated to treatment or no treatment groups at feedlot arrival in February, 1999. Treatment consisted of single subcutaneous administration of NuflorTM (florfenicol, Schering-Plough Animal Health) at 18 mg/lb bodyweight and BanamineTM (flunixin meglumine, Schering-Plough Animal Health) at 1 mg/lb bodyweight. All steers were weighed, vaccinated with a modified live IBR/PI3 vaccine, implanted, and identified by ear tag. Cattle were fed for maximum gain on a corn-based diet. At harvest, after 133 days on feed, lungs were observed …

Defining Failure Of Passive Transfer In South Dakota Beef Calves, A. K. Courtney, W. B. Epperson, T. A. Wittig, R. J. Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

Failure of calves to ingest and absorb immunoglobulin from colostrum is a risk factor for illness and decreased performance. Blood samples were taken from 752 calves at three SDSU research units. Total protein in blood, closely correlated to colostral immunoglobulin absorption, was determined and calf health records were collected. Using this data, a classification table of sensitivity and specificity was constructed to determine the relationship between total protein and calf illness and to classify calves as having adequate colostral absorption or inadequate colostral absorption (failure of passive transfer). Along with sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated …

Steps For Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Assessment Of Cooked Beef Longissimus Steaks At South Dakota State University, K. W. Bruns, D. M. Wulf, R. H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

This article outlines the current protocol for measuring tenderness of cooked beef longissiumus steaks at South Dakota State University using a Warner-Bratzler shear machine.

The Influence Of Body Weight And Marbling Epd On The Relationship Of Intramuscular Fat Content And The Value Of Lean Retail Product In Serially Slaughtered Angus Steers, K. W. Bruns, R. H. Pritchard, D. L. Boggs

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

It is unclear how age, physiological maturity, and genetics affect intramuscular fat (IM) desposition in cattle. The study used beef cattle of known age and parentage to study the development of primal cuts, total carcass fat and IM fat depots as part of the growth process. Selecting cattle for marbling with the use of paternal grandsire's EPD for marbling was not indicative of differences in the onset or the rate, of development of marbling. Greater differences in EPD for marbling may be needed to observe phenotypic differences. Harvest group affected the level and extent of marbling (P<.10), however there was no harvest group x marbling group interactions indicating no differences occurred in the pattern of marbling development due to marbling EPD. Carcasses expressed a Small degree of marbling between the hot carcass weights of 550 and 650 Ibs. and at a back fat depth of approximately .30 in. In this study utilizing non-implanted steers of the same breed, we found that as days on feed increased, hot carcass weights, back fat depth, and percent carcass fat increased along with marbling score as well as percent 12th rib lipid content. No differences were observed in the weight of the primal cuts when expressed as a percentage of the chilled carcass between marbling groups at each of the five end points. As HCW increased across harvest groups, primal weight increased without a change in the percentage of the carcass represented by the middle meats (sirloin, shortloin, rib).

Effects Of Breed-Type And Breeding System On Efficiency Of Weaned Calf Production, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of cow breed-type (two-breed rotations of Simmental x Hereford, Angus x Hereford, and Tarentaise x Hereford) and breeding system (rotational vs terminal sires) on production efficiency to weaning. Cows were limit fed in drylot for one year to simulate weight change of range cows. Both cow breed-type and sire type significantly affected efficiency of weaned calf production (weaning weight divided by cow and calf creep feed ME intake). However, there was an interaction of cow breed-type with breeding system for efficiency of weaned calf production. In particular, Hereford-sired Simmental-Hereford cows had …

Associations Of Beef Production Traits With Polymorphisms In The Growth Hormone Gene And Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Gene, D. M. Marshall, J. Kim

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

The effects of cow and (or) calf genotype for two candidate gene markers [growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) genes] on production traits were evaluated in a beef cattle herd. The GH polymorphism is located in exon V of the GH gene and is associated with a leucine/valine amino acid substitution. The IGF-1 polymorphism is located in the 5' flanking region of the IGF-1 gene. Cow GH genotype was not significantly associated with cow production traits (milk yield, average weight, hip height, and condition score) or progeny weight at birth or weaning. The regression of weaning weight on …

Comparison Of Estradiol-Trenbolone Acetate Implant Programs For Yearling Steers Of Two Genotypes, Robbi H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

Yearling steers (n = 400) were used to evaluate relative payout periods for implants when feeding high grain content diets. Implant treatments included (1) control (nonimplanted), (2) Synovex Plus, (3) revalor-S, and (4) Ralgrorevalor-S. The Synovex Plus (2), revalor-S (3) and Ralgro (4) were administered on day 1. The reimplant with revalor-s (4) was administered after 56 d on feed. Steers were managed in two groups. Initial BW and days fed were 782 Ib, 131 d (Group I), and 661 Ib, 145 d (Group 11). Implants increased production rates and efficiencies, increased carcass size and reduced marbling when compared to …

An Evaluation Of Three Trm Feed-Mixing Wagons, B. J. Johnson, R. H. Pritchard, S. L. Bjornson, W. M. Cerkoney

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

Three mixer wagons, three-auger, reel-type auger, and four-auger, were used to evaluate the adequacy of mix of a grower diet. All three mixers were considered in good mechanical condition. The grower diet contained 12.4% rolled corn, 23.7% wet corn gluten feed, 42% soybean hulls, 15.8% grass hay, and 6.19% liquid supplement on an as-is basis. Monensin was added to the diet at 28glton on an as-fed basis. Samples were obtained after 2, 4, 6, and 8 minutes (min) of mixing. Following the 8-min mixing time, the feed was unloaded as a windrow onto a concrete pad. Samples were obtained from …

Effect Of Calving Time And Weaning Time On Feedlot Performance - A Preliminary Report, R. J. Pruitt, B. J. Johnson, W. B. Epperson, B. D. Rops

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

Cows grazing native range year round at the SDSU Cottonwood Research Station were allotted to 3 management systems; Group 1) a calving season starting in mid March with calves weaned in late October, Group 2) a calving season starting in mid March with calves weaned in mid September, and Group 3) a calving season starting early May with calves weaned in late October. Following weaning the steer calves are transported to the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm. For two calf crops the steer calves have been fed a high grain diet for maximum gain from weaning to harvest. Group 2 …

Relative Feed Values For High Fiber Corn And Conventional Corn Silage For Growing Steers, C. J. Mueller, R. H. Pritchard, Z. W. Wicks Iii

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

The relative feed value of a corn variety developed for the primary purpose of corn silage production was evaluated using a 70-d steer growing trial. The high fiber corn (CSV1) and conventional corn (CSV2) varieties were planted in adjacent plots and harvested at approximately 30% DM. Silage varieties were stored in separate bunker silos and allowed to ferment for 52 d. CSVl yielded 5.4 T/acre while CSV2 yielded 4.7 T/acre (DM basis). Variety affected (P<.001) NDF (43.3% vs 38.6%), ADF (24.1% vs 20.2%), lignin (5.7% vs 4.6%), starch (18.69% vs 30.18%) and CP content (7.37% vs 6.89%) of CSVl and CSV2, respectively. IVDMD was not, different (P>. 10) between varieties. One hundred sixty steers were divided into light (516 ± 7.1 Ib.) and heavy (595 ± 9.7 Ib.) BW groups. Steers …

Influence Of Dietary Mp On The Production Rates And N Usage By Steers Fed High Grain Content Diets, R. H. Pritchard, K. W. Bruns, S. J. Bierman

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

An experiment was conducted to determine if dietary metabolizable protein (MP) could be manipulated to reduce N content of feedlot effluent without compromising production rates in yearling steers fed high grain content diets. Three feeding programs included: LO) 11 % CP fed throughout; HI) 13% CP fed throughout; and LHL) 11 % fed from d 1 to 35, 13% CP (HI) fed d 36 to 94 and 1 1 % CP (LO) fed from d 95 to 1 17. An estradiol-trenbalone acetate implant was administered on d 35. There were 5 pens of 8 steers (BW=7561b) assigned to each treatment. …

Field Peas In Finishing Cattle Diets And The Effect Of Processing, C. P. Birkelo, B. J. Johnson, B. D. Rops

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

Field peas are usually grown for human consumption. However, quality problems can make them available at times for feeding to livestock. Field peas contain a moderate amount of protein (20-29%) which is highly rumen degradable. They are high in starch (41- 54%) and low in fiber (<9%) suggesting fairly high energy content. The few cattle feeding studies conducted to date have focused on their use in dairy cows and growing calves. No feeding trials have apparently been conducted with finishing cattle fed high-energy diets. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate yellow field peas as a replacement for soybean meal and corn grain in a high energy finishing diet and 2) to determine whether or not rolling altered their feeding value.

The Effects Of Energy Sournce And Yeast (Biosaf Sc47) On Feedlot Performance During The Receiving Period, B. J. Johnson, B. D. Rops

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of soyhulls and Biosaf yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on feedlot performance during the receiving period of newly weaned calves. Two energy sources; corn and soyhulls were fed with or without Biosaf yeast (10g/hd/d). We utilized 154 head of newly weaned steer calves (BW=509 Ib). Energy source had no effect (P>.10) on feedlot performance during the 35d receiving period. Inclusion of Biosaf yeast had no effect on feedlot performance during the 35d receiving period. Consequently, feed cost of gain ($/cwt) was identical for all treatments. Those results indicate soyhulls can replace corn in …

Evaluating The Agronomic Feasibility Of Planting Late Season Corn For Feedlot Cattle, W. M. Cerkony, R. H. Pritchard, Z. W. Wicks Iii

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

Yield, Ib/acre, bushel weight (BD), Ib/bu, relative maturity (RELMAT), chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were used to screen corn varieties In = 20) of varying maturities grown under the stress of a shortened growing season. Corn varieties were planted in late June of 1996. Whole shell corn (WSC) and ear corn (EC) were harvested. Bushel weight was quantified on WSC. Yields for WSC, and EC were 1941 + 706 and 2307 ± 997 Ib DM/acre, respectively. Whole shell corn and EC were sorted into yield (YGP) groups. Whole shell corn yields were 2942 ± 248, 2305 …

Interpreting Experiment Results, D M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 2000

No abstract provided.

Partial Sequence Of The Cdna For The ?-Subunit Of The Inhibin Hormone In Japanese Quail, Tristan Timothy Sands

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Commercial Adjuncts For Use In Cheese Ripening: 5. Effect Of Added Freeze-Shocked Adjunct Lactobacilli On Proteolysis And Sensory Quality Of Reduced Fat Cheddar Cheese, S. A. Madkor, P. S. Tong, M. El Soda

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

Breeding Season Demography And Movements Of Eastern Towhees At The Savannah River Site, South Carolina, David G. Krementz, Larkin A. Powell

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) has undergone population declines across much of its range, especially in New England. Despite being a widespread and, at one time, a common species, relatively little is known about its natural history, ecology, or demographics. We conducted baseline research on Eastern Towhees at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, in 1995 and 1996 to estimate breeding season survival rates, nest success rates, breeding densities, and daily movements. We also were interested in whether towhees had differences in survival and movement rates between young and mature managed pine stands. We found that survival rates during the …

Determining The Phylogenetic Relationships Among The Northern Pike (Esox Lucius), The Muskellunge (Esox Masquinongy), And The Silver Pike, Steven W. Foster

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Prioritization of taxa has become a necessity due to limited resources available for conservation. Conservation efforts are often concentrated on those threatened and endangered species with the highest taxonomic importance. The silver pike is a rare game fish, often accounting for less than 1% of a total pike population where it is found. Although silver pike are normally found in association with northern pike, they have distinct morphological characteristics and have not been shown to hybridize with the northern pike. Still, many fisheries biologists consider the silver pike to be a color variant of the northern pike, and to date …

Intraintestinal Sites Of Infection For The Trematode Species Plagitura Salamandra Holl 1928 And Plagitura Parva Stunkard 1933 In Red-Spotted Newts Notopthalmus V. Viridescens (Rafinesque), Jeremy T. Clay

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The red-spotted newt, Notopthalmus v. viridescens (Rafinesque) is a common salamander in the eastern United States. Studies on the parasites are available, however these studies examined total parasite fauna. This study examines two species, Plagitura salamandra Holl 1928 and Plagitura parva Stunkard 1933 found in the small intestine of the red-spotted newt. A total of 225 newts was collected and examined for the two Plagitura species. No difference was found in prevalence of infection, mean intensity, SVL, and weight between male and female newts. Plagitura parva was found in 24.4 % of the newts while P. salamandra was found in …

Response Properties Of Tibial Campaniform Sensilla On The Cockroach Leg In Restrained Preparations And Freely Moving Animals, Angela L. Ridgel

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The ability to detect changes in forces is important for effective use of a leg in posture and locomotion. This thesis examines how forces are detected in the legs of cockroaches by tibial campaniform sensilla. Campaniform sensilla are mechanoreceptors that encode forces through ovoid cuticular caps embedded in the exoskeleton. The tibial sensilla are unique in that they consist of two subgroups with mutually perpendicular cap orientations.

We characterized the responses of the tibial receptors in restrained preparations by applying forces to the leg at controlled magnitudes and rates. The tibial sensilla, as a group, were sensitive to increasing and …

Leadership In Wolf, Canis Lupus, Packs, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

I examine leadership in Wolf (Callis lupus) packs based on published observations and data gathered during summers from 1986 to 1998 studying a free-ranging pack of Wolves on Ellesmere Island that were habituated to my presence. The breeding male tended to initiate activities associated with foraging and travel, and the breeding female to initiate, and predominate in, pup care and protection. However, there was considerable overlap and interaction during these activities such that leadership could be considered a joint function. In packs with multiple breeders, quantitative information about leadership is needed.

Do Wolves Affect White-Tailed Buck Harvest In Northeastern Minnesota?, L. David Mech, Michael E. Nelson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

We used simple linear regression to analyze 8-23 years of data on a wolf (Canis lupus) population and human harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks in northeastern Minnesota to determine any effects of wolves on buck harvesting. Over the long term, wolves accounted for at least 14-22% inter-year variation in buck harvest in the region, but an unknown amount of variation in hunter effort have obscured any more precise estimate. For part of the area with poorest habitat, we found strong relationships (r² = 0.66-0.84) between annual wolf numbers and buck harvests from 1988 …

"Vertebrate Pests Of Agriculture, Forestry And Public Lands" 2000 Annual Meeting

Western Region Coordinating Committee for Vertebrate Pests of Agriculture, Forestry, and Public Lands (WCC-95)

Table of Contents ........................................................... i

2000 Officers ............................................................... 1

Minutes ................................................................... 2

Number and Title of the Regional Project ................................... 2

Location and Dates of the Meeting ....................................... 2

Participants .......................................................... 2

Attendees ............................................................ 3

Adopted Agenda ...................................................... 4

Convening of Sessions (Tuesday 14 November) ............................... 4

Forum: Internet Resources in Wildlife Damage Management .................... 4

2000 Business Meeting (Wednesday 15 November) ............................ 4

Presentations (Wednesday 15 November) .................................... 9

Continued Presentations (Thursday 16 November) ........................... 10

Individual Updates ................................................... 11

Completion of Sessions ................................................ 13

Participants/ Attendees Names and Addresses . . . . . . . . . …

Reproductive Success Of Piping Plovers On Alkali Lakes In North Dakota And Montana, Robert K. Murphy, Michael J. Rabenberg, Marriah L. Sondreal, Bruce R. Casler, Debra A. Guenther

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Low reproductive success is thought to be a chief cause of the steady decline in numbers of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) that nest in the northern Great Plains. Surprisingly, few reproductive success data are published from alkali lakes in the region, where most breeding pairs of piping plover nest. During 1994 to 1997 we measured nest success and fledging rates of piping plovers at 32 alkali lakes across northwestern North Dakota and northeastern Montana, at the center of the species' breeding range in the Great Plains. Annual nest success and fledging rates averaged 38% (Mayfield estimate; 20 to …

Biography: Glenn Lyle Hoffman, Andrew J. Mitchell

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Glenn Lyle Hoffman, the son of Ernest J. and Viola M. Hoffman, was born on a small farm in Iowa on December 28, 1918. He is a graduate of Lamont High School in Iowa where he excelled at wrestling. In 1942, he received a B.A. Degree from the University of Iowa, majoring in Zoology. He paid his own way through college by trapping fur animals, washing hospital windows, and working summers at a trout hatchery for the Iowa Department of Natural Resources.

Review Of Parasites Of North American Freshwater Fishes, Second Edition, Wilmer A. Rodgers

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In this second edition, the author uses the traditional better-known taxonomy, although a table listing the contemporary (or future) classification is presented in the foreword. The beginning of the book covers the public health aspects of fish parasites, and discusses methods of examining and collecting fish, and then preserving and making permanent preparations. These sections will be very helpful to students and researchers, as are the sections that list parasites by location in fish. The next sections present major groups of parasites and detailed genera and species. Drawings and photographs make identification relatively easy. An important addition to this second …

Non-Native Species Interactions: Management Implications To Aid In Recovery Of The Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus Lucius And Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen Texanus In The San Juan River, Co-Nm-Ut, James E. Brooks, Michael J. Buntjer, Jude R. Smith

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

As part of the San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementation Program (SJRIP), investigations of non-native fishes were conducted during 1991-1997 to characterize interactions with native fishes. The impacts of non-native fish species on natives has often been identified as a key impact, along with habitat alteration, that facilitates loss of native biological diversity. In the San Juan River, the endangered Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius and razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, as well as the other members of the native fish community, are the focus of the SJRIP. A major component of native fish recovery efforts in the San Juan River …

Contaminant Residue Analysis Of Fish Tissues From Marais Des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge - Kansas, John F. Miesner

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) was added to the National Wildlife Refuge system in 1992. The Refuge occupies approximately 2,550 ha of bottomland hardwoods habitats along the Marais des Cygnes River in Linn County, Kansas.

During public involvement in acquisition planning, the Service committed to opening the Refuge to recreational fishing. There are several water bodies on the Refuge which would provide recreational fishing opportunities. These include abandoned coal strip mines, small man-made farm ponds, and the Marais des Cygnes River and several tributaries to the river. Fish have been established in the coal mine and farm ponds …

Effects To Listed Species From Operations Of The Federal Columbia River Power System

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed the biological assessment (BA) and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documents dated December, 1999 submitted by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Corps of Engineers (Corps), and the Bureau of Reclamation (Bureau) (also referred to as action agencies) regarding operations of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS). The action agencies’ request for formal consultation was received in December, 1999. This document represents the Service’s biological opinion of the effects of the proposed action on two listed fish species: the endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus); and the threatened …