Animal Sciences Commons^™

Self-Organization Of Foraging Behaviour: From Simplicity To Complexity Without Goals, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, Carl D. Cheney, Scott J. Werner

Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)

A herbivore faces challenges while foraging--ongoing changes in its physiological condition along with variation in the nutrient and toxin concentrations of foods, spatially and temporally--that make selecting a nutritious diet a vital affair. Foraging behaviours arise from simple rules that operate across levels of resolution from cells and organs to individuals and their interactions with social and physical environments. At all these levels, behaviour is a function of its consequences: a behaviour operating on the environment to induce changes is itself changed by those events. Thus, behaviour emerges from its own functioningbehaviour self-organizes-not from that of its surroundings. This ostensible …

The Use Of Isoelectric Focusing To Assess The Genetic Diversity Of The Cyprinid Fishes: Rhinichthys Cataractae And Rhinichthys Atratulus In West Virginia, Fauzia Alam Miah

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In this study, isoelectric focusing is used to separate proteins of Rhinichthys cataractae and R. atratulus and conventional staining is used to identify alleles of six genes. The objective of this work is to determine whether these methods can effectively assay isozymes that may be used to establish the relationship between anthropogenic stress and genetic diversity. Alleles for LDH-A, LDH-B, EST-A, EST-B, EST-C, and EST-D loci were identified for two species of fish, R. atratulus and R. cataractae. Both fish species are known to be sensitive to anthropogenic stress and known to be widely distributed in stressed environments. Alleles …

Ecological Life History Of Caenis Amica Hagen (Emphemeroptera: Caenidae) From The Mitigated Area Of Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area, Cabell County, West Virginia, Gail Lynn Perrine

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The ecological life history of a population of Caenis amica Hagen from the Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area was studied from November 1996 to November 1997. Water quality data and 2,505 larvae were collected from the newly mitigated area of Green Bottom Swamp. Total body lengths of larvae were measured using a computer-digitizing program. These results indicated a bivoltine life cycle. Most larvae were found in the spring and summer months of April, June, and July. The highest peak of larvae (1,035) occurred in July. The pH values ranged from 7.0 to 8.0 with a mean of 7.6. Temperatures ranged …

Management Of Red Squirrel Feeding Damage To Lodgepole Pine By Stand Density Manipulation And Diversionary Food, Thomas P. Sullivan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) feeds on the vascular tissues of sapling lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) during spring periods in forests of interior British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. This damage may lead to mortality and reduced growth of crop trees in managed stands. Manipulation of stand density by pre-commercial thinning to densities < 1,000 stems/ha is an effective method to lower squirrel populations and feeding damage. Lowering stand density enhances the growth of crop trees, and understory herbs and shrubs as wildlife habitat, while protecting trees from squirrel feeding. This approach has been successful in several forest ecological zones. An alternative management tool is provision of diversionary food (sunflower seed) for those stands susceptible to feeding damage, and where stand thinning has already been completed. Diversionary food can be applied aerially and is very cost effective for protecting managed stands. These techniques may be used to maintain or even enhance species diversity of small mammal communities in those forest stands requiring protection.

Selecting Linear-Score Distributions For Modeling Milk-Culture Results, H. G. Allore, David J. Wilson, H. N. Erb, P. A. Oltenacu

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The data for this cross-sectional retrospective study are from surveys of 65 dairy-cattle herds in central New York, USA sampled between February, 1993 and March, 1995. The objective was to identify probability distributions of logarithmically transformed somatic-cell counts (linear score) for use in a simulation model of mastitis and milk quality. Probability density functions were estimated using maximum-likelihood estimators for the linear score of individual-cow composite milk samples culture negative and culture positive for the pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus non-agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci for the complete dataset and by bulk-tank somatic-cell count group (< 500 000, ≥ 500 000 SCC/ml). Based on the rankings of three goodness-of-fit tests (Anderson-Darling, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and x^{2 …}

‘Pleasures’, ‘Pains’ And Animal Welfare: Toward A Natural History Of Affect, D. Fraser, I. J.H. Duncan

Animal Welfare Collection

In hedonic theories of motivation, 'motivational affective states' (MASs) are typically seen as adaptations which motivate certain types of behaviour, especially in situations where a flexible or learned response is more adaptive than a rigid or reflexive one. MASs can be negative (eg unpleasant feelings of hunger or pain) or positive (eg pleasant feelings associated with eating and playing). Hedonic theories often portray negative and positive MASs as opposite ends of a one-dimensional scale.

We suggest that natural selection has favoured negative and positive affect as separate processes to solve two different types of motivational problems. We propose that negative …

Notes On The Natural History Of Lasiurus Borealis In Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Robin L. Vaughn, Betty G. Crump, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Since June 1982 we have studied various aspects of red bat ecology in Arkansas with emphasis on field work in the Ouachita Mountains and examination of specimens submitted to the Arkansas Department of Health Rabies Laboratory (ADHRL).This study reports on continued field work in the Ouachita Mountains using radiotelemetry and updates information regarding red bats submitted to the ADHRL through December 1996. In addition, we revisited a cave previously reported to contain a large number of red bat skull and skeletal remains. We also report remains from another cave system in northcentral Arkansas. These investigations have yielded additional information on …

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Jack H. Berryman Institute, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Division Of Wildlife Resources

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

No abstract provided.

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Utah State University Extension

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Cantagious Foot Rot Of Sheep, Clell V. Bagley

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Cantagious Foot Rot - An Update, Clell V. Bagley

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Tapeinosperma Alatum (Myrsinaceae): A Remarkable New Species From Ceram, Diane Holland, P.F. Stevens

Biology Department Faculty Works

A new pachycaul species Tapeinosperma alatum D.E. Holland & P.F. Stevens (Myrsinaceae) is described from South Central Ceram. It is characterized by its huge leaves, over 1 m long, and congested, almost Gunnera-like. inflorescence. The distinctive distribution of the Papuasian pachycaul species of Tapeinosperma is briefly compared with that of a number of other unrelated taxa.

Vertebrate Pests Of Agriculture, Forestry And Public Lands: 1998 Annual Meeing

Western Region Coordinating Committee for Vertebrate Pests of Agriculture, Forestry, and Public Lands (WCC-95)

Capsaicin, northern pocket gophers and behavior, Leonard Askham

Efficacy of the aerial application of methyl anthranilate in reducing blackbird damage to sweet corn and sunflowers, Robert Timm and John Hays

Livestock protection collar use at the U.C. Hopland Research & Extension Center, Craig Ramey, et al.

Non-target hazards of 2% zinc phosphide grain bait to free-ranging ring-necked pheasants in northern California alfalfa fields, Delsey Whisson

The problem of Belding's ground squirrels in alfalfa in northeastern California, Craig Ramey

Comparison of spot baiting to bait stations using chlorophacinone for control of Belding's ground squirrels in northern California Dwayne Etter

Operation and …

Fisheries Research Report No.109 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery 1991/92 To 1992/93, C. F. Chubb, E. H. Barker

Fisheries Research Reports

The 1991/92 and 1992/93 seasons produced 12,200 and 12,300 tonnes of rock lobsters, taken by 12.8 and 11.8 million pot lifts respectively.

This report covering these two seasons is the latest in a series of reports covering The Western Rock Lobster Fishery, which is Western Australia's largest and most valuable fishery.

These reports are a historical record of various data for use by industry and research personnel now and in the future and covers such issues as: management/legislative changes, value of the product and licences, input costs (fuel, bait etc), changes in fishing practices, gear, technology and boats, together with …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 1998

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Strength of Department lies in both past and future
Animal Science Centennial Celebration
Aberle Resignation Announced
Graduate Program
Undergraduate Programs
New Courses in Biotechnology
Interstate Classroom Activity
Gastrointestinal Research
New Nebraska Twist Steak Wins First Place
Beef 706, A Popular Success
New Faculty
Inaugural Pork 101 Held at UNL
Faculty Retirement
Nebraska Cattlemen's Classic Helps Raise Funds for Nebraska Cattlemen's Foundation and UNL Judging Teams
Emeritus Death
Faculty Development Leave
Emeriti Addresses
Alumnus Recognized
Bud Britton Animal Science Golf Classic
Block & Bridle Activities
Block and Bridle Officers for 1997-1998
Richard F. Shinn 1997 Honoree
Recent Department Awards and …

Comparative Gene Mapping: Cytogenetic Localization Of Proc, En1, Alpi, Tnp1, And Il1b In Cattle And Sheep Reveals A Conserved Rearrangement Relative To The Human Genome, N. L. Lòpez-Corrales, T. S. Sonstegard, T. P. L. Smith

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The cytogenetic locations of the genes for protein C (PROC), transition protein 1 (TNP1), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPI), engrailed (EN1), and human protointerleukin ß (IL1B) have been compared between cattle (Bos taurus, BTA) and sheep (Ovis aries, OAR). Bovine YAC and cosmid clones were used as FISH probes to determine the order (centromere to telomere) of four of these genes on OAR 2q, as well as the location of IL1B on OAR 3p. In cattle, IL1B and EN1 were assigned to BTA 11 and BTA 2, respectively. Alignment of the ovine, bovine, and human physical maps based on these data …

1997 Inventory For Spiranthes Diluvialis Sheviak In Western Nebraska: A Final Report, Volume I, Terri Hildebrand

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This study resulted from an agreement between Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFW). After the 1996 discovery of Spiranthes diluvialis, in western Nebraska, NGPC was seeking to determine the extent of the Nebraska population. Information on the wet meadow community of orchid occurrence in Nebraska and eastern Wyoming was needed. This report includes descriptions of communities inventoried, Spiranthes diluvialis populations, and additional species monitored by Nebraska and Wyoming Natural Heritage programs.

The 1996 discovery of Spiranthes diluvialis in Nebraska by Hazlett merited the need for further inventory for the species …

Improvement Of Pork Loin Tenderness Using The Hydrodyne Process, Bernadette O'Rourk, Chris R. Calkins, Rose Rosario, Janet Eastridge, Morse Solomon, John Long

Nebraska Swine Reports

In this research, exposure of pork to an explosive charge within a water-filled container created an immediate improvement in tenderness and enhanced proteolysis upon subsequent storage. Hydrodyne-treated pork was as tender 1 day post mortem as untreated pork aged 40 days. The tenderness advantage of the Hydrodyne process to unaged pork is immediate and appears unrelated to proteolysis. The Hydrodyne process is a very effective tenderization technique providing benefits similar to aging.

Responses Of Barrows Consuming A Diet Formulated On An Ideal Protein Basis At Different Feeding Levels, Sergio Gomez, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Hsin-Yi Chen

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance, nutrient digestibilities and plasma metabolites of barrows fed with a corn-soybean meal diet (CONTROL) or a diet formulated on an ideal protein basis (IDEAL; supplemented with crystalline lysine, threonine, tryptophan and methionine). Each diet was offered either on an ad libitum basis or at a feeding level of 90 or 80 percent of ad libitum feed intake. Averaged for the entire experimental period, barrows fed the CONTROL diet gained seven percent faster (P < .05) and were five percent more efficient (P < .01) than barrows fed the IDEAL diet. As the level of feed intake decreased, there was a decrease in daily gain (P < .01), but feed efficiency tended to be improved (P < .10) for barrows fed 90 percent of ad libitum. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter and energy were approximately three percent greater (P < .01) for barrows fed the IDEAL diet. Plasma urea concentrations were lower in barrows fed the IDEAL diet, regardless of feeding level; however, for barrows fed the CONTROL diet, the urea concentration was lower when the feeding level was 80 percent of ad libitum (diet x level, P < .01). Over time, the urea concentration declined in barrows fed the IDEAL diet (diet x time, P < .01). The concentrations of plasma glucose were lower in barrows fed the CONTROL diet (P < .01), were reduced with each reduction in the feeding level (P < .01), and were diminished over time throughout the experiment (P < .01). Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were lower in barrows fed the CONTROL diet at the beginning of Phase 2 (diet x time, P < .05). The reduction in daily gain observed with the IDEAL diet suggests a deficiency of other essential amino acid(s) may have limited the growth potential of these pigs or that the “ideal” pattern was not correct for the pigs used in this research. Results from this study will help to provide a basis for future studies to investigate the apparent reduction in performance sometimes observed in pigs consuming lower protein, amino acid-supplemented diets. We recognize the reduction in growth performance observed for the IDEAL diet may be offset by changes in body composition.

Protein Sources For Segregated Early Weaned (Sew) Pigs, Stacy L. Norin, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

Three experiments were conducted to examine different protein sources for segregated, early weaned (SEW) pigs. Protein sources evaluated included extruded soybeans, extruded-expelled soybeans, solvent-extracted soybean meal and spray-dried egg product as a substitute for spray-dried plasma protein. Performance differences among the four treatments could not be detected after seven weeks (two week experimental period and five week common corn-soybean meal diet). The cost of gain was reduced during the two-week treatment period by feeding diets with reduced plasma protein levels with or without the partial or complete substitution of spray-dried egg product. In addition, SEW pigs consuming the diet containing …

Activity Of Four Antimicrobial Agents Against Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli Isolates From The Midwestern United States, Gerald Duhamel, Michelle R. Mathiesen, Joann M. Kinyon, Dorothy Murphy, Don Walter

Nebraska Swine Reports

Porcine colonic spirochetosis (PCS) is a non-fatal, diarrheal disease affecting pigs during the growing and finishing stages of production. The disease is caused by Serpulina pilosicoli, a newly recognized species of intestinal spirochetes. Because Serpulina pilosicoli is transmitted by the fecaloral route, control measures aimed at reducing environmental contamination, including sanitation and antimicrobial therapy, should be investigated. We determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of seven porcine Serpulina pilosicoli isolates recovered from pigs in the midwestern United States against four antimicrobials commonly used for control of swine dysentery, a disease caused by the related spirochete, Serpulina hyodysenteriae. All the isolates were susceptible …

Pen Space Allocations And Pelleting Of Swine Diets, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine whether an interaction exists between pen space allocation (14 versus 19 pigs per pen in 8 x 14 ft pens) and physical form of the diet (meal versus pellet) in a fully slatted facility. There were no interactions between diet form and pen space allocation for daily gain, feed intake or feed conversion efficiency. Pigs fed pelleted diets had a 2.3 percent improvement in daily gain and a 7.9 percent improvement in feed efficiency. Although pigs housed 14-per-pen grew faster than those housed 19-per-pen with no difference in feed conversion efficiency, pigs in the …

Ventilation Systems — Redundancy Is Essential, Gerald R. Bodman

Nebraska Swine Reports

Ventilation system failure can kill many animals in a few minutes. This kind of loss is often non-insurable. Adequate backup systems can reduce the risk of loss. Producers should install backups, or system redundancy, consistent with the level of risk they consider acceptable.

Effects Of Gestation Housing System On Productivity Of Three Genetic Lines Of Sows, Tom Long, John Halstead

Nebraska Swine Reports

A trial was conducted to compare the effects of gestation housing system (outside dirt lots versus inside gestation stalls) and sow genetic line (n=3) on number born alive, litter weaning weight, daily lactation feed disappearance and lactation feed conversion. All sows farrowed and lactated in confinement. No significant interactions were detected between genetic line and gestation housing system. There were no differences between the two gestation housing systems for number born alive and litter weaning weight. However, there were significant differences between sows housed indoors and outdoors for daily lactation feed disappearance and lactation feed conversion. Sows housed outside had …

Responses To 14 Generations Of Selection For Components Of Litter Size, Rodger K. Johnson

Nebraska Swine Reports

Eleven generations of selection for increased index of ovulation rate and embryonal survival rate, followed by three generations of selection for litter size, were practiced. Laparotomy was used to count corpora lutea and fetuses at 50 days of gestation. High indexing gilts, approximately 30 percent, were farrowed each generation. All gilts in these litters were mated to boars selected from litters of gilts in the upper 15 percent of the distribution for index. Selection from generation 12 to 14 was for increased number of fully formed pigs. Replacement boars and gilts were selected from the largest 25 percent of the …

Building Loads And Failures, Gerald Bodman

Nebraska Swine Reports

During the investigation of a collapsed building, inadequate design loads and inappropriate construction practices are often discovered. A building failure adversely affects a producer’s ability to generate income. A well designed and constructed building costs only slightly more than a mediocre one. Insisting on good design, use of high-quality materials and a qualified contractor reduces the risk of structural failure.

Animal Science Centennial Celebration 1898-1998

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

The Department Historically
Teaching Programs
Research Programs
Extension Programs
Global Programs
Animal Science Centennial Committees

Consequences Of Differing Wool Growth Rates On Staple Strength Of Merino Wethers With Divergent Staple Strengths, A. C. Schlink, G. Mata, R. M. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein intake after a period of weight loss on the wool components of staple strength for sheep with a history of low or high staple strength (18.0 vs 34 Nlktex). After being fed to lose 15% of their liveweight over 10 weeks, sheep within each staple strength group were assigned in equal numbers to either a low or high protein diet designed to re-gain initialliveweight in 8 weeks. Liveweight, feed intakes and the growth, fibre diameter and fibre length characteristics of wool were measured at regular intervals. After the weight …

The Elephants Of Africa, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Video review for the following title:

The Elephants of Africa: Nature. Produced by Scorer Associates, 1997. 55 minutes. $19.95 + $4.95 S/H.

Phorbol Ester Activation Of An Nhe-Like Electroneutral Na+ /H+ Antiporter In Isolated E-Cells Of Lobster (Homarus Americanus) Hepatopancreas, Jeff Duerr, Gregory A. Ahearn

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

The basolateral membrane of Atlantic lobster (Homarus americanus) epithelium possesses an electroneutral Na+ /H+ antiporter that functionally resembles members of the vertebrate NHE family. Regulatory mechanisms of this antiporter in purified hepatopancreatic E-cell suspensions, produced with a centrifugal elutriation technique, were investigated. Suspensions routinely consisted of greater than 95% E-cells displaying greater than 90% viability. Intracellular pH (pHi) was monitored by loading cells with the fluorescent dye 2´,7´-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6- carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), and placing suspensions in a spectrofluorometer. Recovery from induced acid-loading was mediated by a Na+ -dependent, dimethylamiloride-sensitive proton efflux. Antiport activation was a sigmoidal function of pHi at values below …