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Articles 31 - 60 of 404
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Table Of Contents March 2012 Agricultural Research Magazine
Table Of Contents March 2012 Agricultural Research Magazine
Agricultural Research Magazine
Table of Contents
4 Monitoring Best Practices For Food Analysis The First Step- Monitoring What We Eat
8 Monitoring Food-Supply Nutrients The Second Step- Conservators Of The National Nutrient Database
16 Monitoring The US Population's Diet The Third Step- The National "What We Eat In America" Survey
22 The Stealth Sodium Revolution
23 ARS National Program For Human Nutrition Monitoring
Agricultural Research Magazine March 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine March 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
Agricultural Research Magazine March 2012 whole issue
Monitoring America's Nutritional Health
Forum: Monitoring America's Nutritional Bottom Line, Rosalie Marion Bliss
Forum: Monitoring America's Nutritional Bottom Line, Rosalie Marion Bliss
Agricultural Research Magazine
U.S. healthcare costs in 2009 reached an estimated $2.5 trillion, yet America still ranks below several countries in life expectancy and many key indicators of healthy living. “These statistics underscore the vast potential of a healthful diet and lifestyle to prevent chronic diseases before they begin and to reduce healthcare costs,” says Molly Kretsch, Agricultural Research Service Deputy Administrator for Nutrition, Food Safety and Quality.
Monitoring the amount and type of food consumed by the U.S. population is important to researchers who track related health biomarkers and to policymakers who evaluate nutrition policies. One key reason for monitoring what we …
Back Matter Agricultural Research Magazine March 2012
Back Matter Agricultural Research Magazine March 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Magazine
5601 Sunnyside Ave.
Beltsville, MD 20705-5129
Ars National Program For Human Nutrition Monitoring
Ars National Program For Human Nutrition Monitoring
Agricultural Research Magazine
The ARS human nutrition monitoring program helps watch over the healthfulness of the country’s food supply and diet. This includes determining the food consumption and dietary patterns of Americans as a whole and for a variety of subgroups based on characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, and income.
Unique national resources that contribute to the success of the ARS human nutrition monitoring program include the National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference and the national “What We Eat in America” survey, which is the dietary intake survey component of the broader National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, commonly referred to as …
The Third Step—The National “What We Eat In America” Survey, Rosalie Marion Bliss, Alanna J. Moshfegh
The Third Step—The National “What We Eat In America” Survey, Rosalie Marion Bliss, Alanna J. Moshfegh
Agricultural Research Magazine
In 2010, landmark health legislation— the Affordable Care Act—was passed, leading to a national strategy crossing both private and public sectors and led by the National Prevention, Health Promotion, and Public Health Council of the Surgeon General. The plan is called the “National Prevention Strategy.”
Science-based dietary-intake data from the Agricultural Research Service provides a key foundation for multiple public health policy publications, including the council’s strategy report, published in June 2011. The report cites the ARS national dietary-intake survey data to underscore the ability of everyday people to improve their health through healthy eating and other preventive measures.
Collecting …
The Second Step—Conservators Of The National Nutrient Database, Rosalie Marion Bliss, Joanne Holden
The Second Step—Conservators Of The National Nutrient Database, Rosalie Marion Bliss, Joanne Holden
Agricultural Research Magazine
For more than 115 years, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has provided data on the nutrient composition of foods in the American diet. Over time, a series of USDA institutions responsible for providing this data evolved, and today the data comes from the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC), part of USDA’s Agricultural Research Service.
“Our mission is to ensure that science based nutrient profiles exist for the U.S. food supply,” says nutritionist and research leader Joanne Holden, who heads the Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) at the nutrition center, which is located in Beltsville, Maryland. “We work with other BHNRC, …
The Stealth Sodium Revolution, Rosalie Marion Bliss
The Stealth Sodium Revolution, Rosalie Marion Bliss
Agricultural Research Magazine
Salt has become one of a handful of sensitive nutrients in the public spotlight, according to major food company executives who attended the 2011 National Nutrient Databank Conference in Bethesda, Maryland. The conference is supported annually by the Agricultural Research Service’s Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) and Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) and other organizations. Both ARS groups are part of the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland.
Salting is an ancient food-preservation practice still in use today to help preserve some foods. While salt-cured country hams and corned beef are still crowd pleasers, 80 percent of our dietary …
The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant
The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant
The Mayfly Newsletter
The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.
The Chicken Challenge – What Contemporary Studies Of Fowl Mean For Science And Ethics, Carolynn L. Smith, Jane Johnson
The Chicken Challenge – What Contemporary Studies Of Fowl Mean For Science And Ethics, Carolynn L. Smith, Jane Johnson
Between the Species
Studies with captive fowl have revealed that they possess greater cognitive capacities than previously thought. We now know that fowl have sophisticated cognitive and communicative skills, which had hitherto been associated only with certain primates. Several theories have been advanced to explain the evolution of such complex behavior. Central to these theories is the enlargement of the brain in species with greater mental capacities. Fowl present us with a conundrum, however, because they show the behaviors anticipated by the theories but do not have the expected changes in the brain. Consequently fowl present two challenges of interest to us here. …
Table Of Contents Agricultural Research Magazine February 2012
Table Of Contents Agricultural Research Magazine February 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
A New Way To Map Drought and Water Use Worldwide.........4
Multi-Pronged Fight Against Zebra Chip Disease in Potatoes .........8
Step-by-Step Strategies for Restoring Western Rangelands .........10
Battling Problem Pests in Paradise......... 12
A Dose of Selenium That Goes a Long Way .........14
Can a Prairie Teach Us About Agricultural Water Quality?......... 17
Nixing Nitrate Flow From the Farm......... 18
Infrared Heating: Hot Idea for Keeping Almonds Safe To Eat......... 20
Locations Featured in This Magazine Issue......... 23
Almond Hulls: Harvest Leftover May Offer A Health Connection, Gary R. Takeoka, Marcia Wood
Almond Hulls: Harvest Leftover May Offer A Health Connection, Gary R. Takeoka, Marcia Wood
Agricultural Research Magazine
Besides yielding about $1 billion worth of healthful, orchard-fresh nuts, California’s annual almond harvest also yields tons of leftover hulls. The hull is the tough, outermost layer that helps protect the shell—and the tasty nutmeat inside the shell—against attack by insects and disease.
Early studies by Agricultural Research Service chemist Gary R. Takeoka and colleagues have shown that hulls are a rich source of several interesting natural compounds that may have new applications for human health.
Using an array of sophisticated analytical techniques, including gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, Takeoka’s team provided new …
Agricultural Research Magazine February 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine February 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
Agricultural Research Magazine February 2012 whole issue
Fighting Nitrate in the Trenches
Forum: It Takes A Satellite To Feed The World, Feb 2012, Charles L. Walthall
Forum: It Takes A Satellite To Feed The World, Feb 2012, Charles L. Walthall
Agricultural Research Magazine
It’s ironic that just when Earth monitoring satellites are needed more than ever to address the food and freshwater demands of a burgeoning global human population, we face an impending gap in coverage by the Landsat program. A series of Landsat satellites has been continuously in orbit since 1972, collecting an invaluable time sequence of global imagery that records decades of land-use and land-cover changes. The recent decision by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide Landsat imagery free of charge has led to an explosion in applications, enabling unprecedented study of global deforestation, changes in cropping systems and irrigation …
Can A Prairie Teach Us About Agricultural Water Quality?, Ann Perry
Can A Prairie Teach Us About Agricultural Water Quality?, Ann Perry
Agricultural Research Magazine
One place to figure out how agricultural practices affect water quality is in a crop field that is being converted to native prairie vegetation. In Iowa, natural resource managers are conducting this type of landscape restoration at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge near Prairie City. So this is where Agricultural Research Service soil scientists Mark Tomer and Cynthia Cambardella partnered with colleagues from Grinnell College, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Iowa Geological Survey Bureau (part of the Iowa Department of Natural Resources) to describe changes in water quality during prairie establishment.
The ARS researchers work at …
Back Matter Agricultural Research Magazine February 2012
Back Matter Agricultural Research Magazine February 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Magazine
5601 Sunnyside Ave.
Beltsville, MD 20705-5129
Infrared Heating: Hot Idea For Keeping Almonds Safe To Eat, Marcia Wood, Zhongli Pan, Maria T. Brandl
Infrared Heating: Hot Idea For Keeping Almonds Safe To Eat, Marcia Wood, Zhongli Pan, Maria T. Brandl
Agricultural Research Magazine
Crisp, crunchy almonds make a tasty and nutritious snack any time.
In Albany, California, investigators Zhongli Pan and Maria T. Brandl are collaborating in leading-edge studies that explore the use of a still-evolving technology, infrared heating, to help make sure almonds remain safe to eat.
The federal government, the U.S. almond industry, and food safety researchers are keeping an especially watchful eye on Salmonella enterica.
It’s generally thought that almonds are not naturally contaminated with high levels of this pathogen. Nevertheless, all almonds processed for sale in the United States today have to be pasteurized in order to zap …
Gene Helps With Multiple Leaf Diseases In Corn, Sharon Durham, Peter Balint-Kurti, Jim Holland, Matt Krakowsky
Gene Helps With Multiple Leaf Diseases In Corn, Sharon Durham, Peter Balint-Kurti, Jim Holland, Matt Krakowsky
Agricultural Research Magazine
Corn is one of the most widely grown crops in the United States, which produces 40 percent of the world crop. But as with all crops, diseases threaten corn production.
Three diseases, southern corn leaf blight, northern leaf blight, and gray leaf spot, all cause lesions on corn leaves. In the U.S. Midwest Corn Belt, northern leaf blight and gray leaf spot are significant problems.
Agricultural Research Service scientists and university colleagues found a specific gene in corn that seems to confer resistance to all three of these leaf diseases. This discovery, published in 2011 in the Proceedings of the …
Locations Featured In This Magazine Issue February 2012
Locations Featured In This Magazine Issue February 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
Locations Featured in This Magazine Issue
United States Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center,
Hilo, Hawaii
2 research units ■ 72 employees
Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California
8 research units ■ 243 employees
Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, Washington
1 research unit ■ 58 employees
Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit, Prosser, Washington
1 research unit ■ 39 employees
Range and Meadow Forage Management Research Unit, Burns, Oregon
1 research unit ■ 44 employees
Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, Idaho
1 research unit ■ 66 employees
U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, Idaho
1 research unit ■ 23 …
Battling Problem Pests In Paradise, Stephanie Yao, Dennis O’Brien
Battling Problem Pests In Paradise, Stephanie Yao, Dennis O’Brien
Agricultural Research Magazine
Sandy beaches, blue water, warm weather, and—invasive insects? One of these things certainly doesn’t belong. When we think of island paradise, invasive insects don’t usually come to mind. But these pesky pests are a problem for countries all over the world.
In two separate projects, Agricultural Research Service scientists are working with their Azorean and French Polynesian counterparts to help control invasive insects there. Since these pests are also invasive in the United States, these collaborations may have mutual benefit. So far, the results have been promising.
An Infestation in the Azores
Off the coast of Portugal lies an archipelago …
Nixing Nitrate Flow From The Farm, Ann Perry
Nixing Nitrate Flow From The Farm, Ann Perry
Agricultural Research Magazine
When early settlers arrived in the Midwest, they began constructing an underground network of tile drains to channel water away from the soggy prairies, which then became some of the most fertile crop fields in the country. But now when nitrate from soils and fertilizers leaches out of those flourishing fields, the subsoil engineering also facilitates the discharge of nitrates into nearby streams and rivers.
Because these local waterways are part of the vast Mississippi River Watershed, the nitrates are eventually transported into the Gulf of Mexico, where they can feed the development of oxygen-deficient “dead zones.” But nitrate management …
A New Way To Map Drought And Water Use Worldwide, Don Comis, William P. Kustas, Martha C. Anderson
A New Way To Map Drought And Water Use Worldwide, Don Comis, William P. Kustas, Martha C. Anderson
Agricultural Research Magazine
Every month, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Center for Climate Prediction has a drought briefing by teleconference to identify the latest drought areas in North America.
ARS scientists Martha Anderson and Bill Kustas are hoping that in a year or so, data from their computer model/satellite package will give evapotranspiration (ET) maps a seat at that briefing. With funding from NOAAand the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), they have developed a modeling system that NOAA will use to generate ET estimates over the continental United States. NOAA will evaluate these ET products to see how well they …
Multi-Pronged Fight Against Zebra Chip Disease In Potatoes, Jan Suszkiw
Multi-Pronged Fight Against Zebra Chip Disease In Potatoes, Jan Suszkiw
Agricultural Research Magazine
Thanks to the investigations of scientiststurned- detectives, potato growers in the western United States and abroad now know the identities of the pathogen and insect responsible for outbreaks of the costly tuber disease known as “zebra chip.”
So named for the dark stripes it forms inside afflicted tubers when cut and fried to make chips or cooked at high temperatures for other dishes, zebra chip has caused millions of dollars in production and processing losses since its first reported U.S. occurrence in potato fields near McAllen and Pearsall, Texas, in 2000. The disease, whose above-ground symptoms include necrosis and purplish, …
A Dose Of Selenium That Goes A Long Way, Sandra Avant, J. Bret Taylor
A Dose Of Selenium That Goes A Long Way, Sandra Avant, J. Bret Taylor
Agricultural Research Magazine
In western parts of the United States where some rugged ranges can only be reached by horseback, ranchers often find themselves saddling up weekly to deliver mineral supplements to livestock grazing in nutrient-deficient regions, especially areas scarce in selenium. The routine is not only time-consuming but also costly, and in some leased-land arrangements, such supplementation practices are prohibited.
Selenium, a trace mineral and component of important selenoprotein antioxidants, is essential for good health in livestock and humans. If the body cannot form these important antioxidant proteins, it predisposes the animal to sickness and eventually death at a young age.
Selenium …
Step-By-Step Strategies For Restoring Western Rangelands, Ann Perry, Roger Sheley
Step-By-Step Strategies For Restoring Western Rangelands, Ann Perry, Roger Sheley
Agricultural Research Magazine
Invasive plants exploit every environmental angle in their favor. So restoring damaged rangelands in the western United States involves a lot more than just getting rid of bad plants and bringing in good plants.
Since 1990, Agricultural Research Service ecologist Roger Sheley has been refining a process for identifying factors that give the undesirable space invaders their territorial edge—and figuring out strategies for restoring a healthy mix of native vegetation for rangelands in need of remediation.
“Killing a weed is like treating a symptom,” says Sheley, who is co-located at Oregon State University’s Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center in Burns, …
Corn Defenses Probed For New Pest-Fighting Clues, Jan Suszkiw, Eric Schmelz, Alisa Huffaker
Corn Defenses Probed For New Pest-Fighting Clues, Jan Suszkiw, Eric Schmelz, Alisa Huffaker
Agricultural Research Magazine
On one front, a team led by ARS plant physiologists Eric Schmelz and Alisa Huffaker has identified 10 compounds in corn, kauralexins and zealexins, which rapidly accumulate at fungal infection sites, impeding the microbes’ spread. Kauralexins and zealexins, members of a larger family of plant-defense compounds known as “terpenoid phytoalexins,” are also partly triggered by insect chewing—with Ostrinia nubilalis, the European corn borer, among species that find them distasteful.
On another front, Huffaker led the discovery of a new peptide (protein) in corn, ZmPep1, that’s produced in response to fungal infection. In addition to serving as a sort …
Using Cactus As A Bioremediation Tool, Dennis O’Brien, Gary Bañuelos
Using Cactus As A Bioremediation Tool, Dennis O’Brien, Gary Bañuelos
Agricultural Research Magazine
Ancient seas that once covered the area left behind marine sediments, shale formations, and deposits of selenium and other minerals. Anything grown there needs to be irrigated, but the resulting runoff, when it contains high levels of selenium, can be toxic to fish, migratory birds, and other wildlife that drink from waterways and drainage ditches. Selenium runoff is subject to monitoring by regional waterquality officials. Periodic droughts and population growth are also squeezing supplies of the fresh water available for irrigation.
“We need to find a way to keep the land productive, but that becomes difficult when you have environmental …
There’S A New Biofuel Crop In Town, Ann Perry, Keri Cantrell, Kyoung Ro, Philip Bauer
There’S A New Biofuel Crop In Town, Ann Perry, Keri Cantrell, Kyoung Ro, Philip Bauer
Agricultural Research Magazine
Work by Agricultural Research Service scientists in Florence, South Carolina, suggests that farmers in the Southeast could use the tropical legume sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in their crop rotations by harvesting the fast-growing annual for biofuel.
Agricultural engineer Keri Cantrell, agronomist Philip Bauer, and environmental engineer Kyoung Ro all work at the ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center in Florence. They compared the energy content of sunn hemp with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)—another common regional summer cover crop—in 2004 and 2006.
The crops were grown in experimental plots near Florence, and both were harvested …
Mining For Phytochemicals: A Multifaceted Effort, Kay W. Simmons, Jack Okamuro
Mining For Phytochemicals: A Multifaceted Effort, Kay W. Simmons, Jack Okamuro
Agricultural Research Magazine
Unlike in animals, the “fight or flight” response isn’t an option for imperiled plants—including those grown as crops for our food, fuel, and fiber needs. A plant, for example, cannot simply uproot itself and sprint to safety from an approaching caterpillar.
But plants can defend themselves, and they’ve done so for millennia, by using an abundance of potent secondary compounds broadly referred to as “phytochemicals.” Some, like glyceollins in soybeans, are produced only in response to a specific threat—similar to the adrenaline surge a person experiences from a life-threatening event. For plants, this threat can be from a grazing animal, …
Agricultural Research Magazine January 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine January 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
Table of Contents
4 Corn Defenses Probed for New Pest-Fighting Clues
7 Comparing Light- Conversion Efficiency of Plants and Manmade Solar Cells
8 Building Baby’s Tiny Bones: Formulas and Mother’s Milk Analyzed in Animal Study
10 Recognizing the Threat of Leptospirosis
12 Using Cactus as a Bioremediation Tool
14 ARS Scientists Rally ’Round the Range
17 There’s a New Biofuel Crop in Town
18 A Search for the Sweet Spot in Sugar Beet Production
20 Nutrient Data in Time for the New Year
22 A Rough, Tough Forage for Rangeland Cattle
23 Locations Featured in This Magazine Issue