Animal Sciences Commons^™

Channel Catfish Virus Disease, John A. Plumb

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) is an acute infection of cultured fry and fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The causative agent is the channel catfish virus (CCV) , a member of the herpesvirus group. Since its first identification (Fijan 1968) the virus has been isolated from infected fish collected during epizootics at catfish hatcheries in the warmer latitudes of the United States. The disease is found primarily during the summer and, with a single known exception to date, in fish less than 4 months old. The virus has been isolated only from fish taken while an epizootic was …

Yellow-Crowned Night Herons Sighted In North Dakota, Dennis G. Jorde, Gary L. Krapu, Robert K. Green

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Yellow-crowned night herons (Nyctanassa violacea) sighted at four locations in North Dakota during 1976 appear to be the first observations of this species for the State. We sighted a single individual about 8 km south of Medina, North Dakota in western Stutsman County during several visits in June and July 1976. The bird was first seen on 23 June standing in a pasture adjoining an 8.5 ha semi-permanent marsh. On following visits, the heron usually was seen perched in trees at the edge of the wetland. A single yellow-crowned night heron was sighted on the same wetland on …

A New Host For Pleistophora Ovariae (Microsporida), Glenn L. Hoffman, Mary L. Nagel

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Pleistophora ovariae, a microsporidan parasite that infects ovaries of the golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), is a widespread problem for minnow culturists. It occurred in shiners held at 45 of 49 commercial fish farms inspected by Summerfelt and Warner (1970, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 6: 457-465). This microsporidan causes considerable damage to golden shiner ovaries, reducing fecundity, but most fish farmers obtain an adequate supply of eggs from young fish (1 or 2 years old) in which ovarian damage is not yet extensive.

Columnaris Disease Of Fishes, S. F. Snieszko, G. L. Bullock

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Columnaris disease is a chronic to acute infection that affects salmonids and many species of warmwater fishes. The first description of the disease was given by Davis (1922) who named the disease and bacterium from the columnar arrangement of cells as seen in wet mounts. The bacterium causing columnaris disease was first isolated by Ordal and Rucker (1944). They identified the organism as belonging to the group known as slime bacteria or myxobacteria; because it produced fruiting bodies and microcysts, they named it Chondrococcus columnaris. Garnjobst (1945), who was unable to find fruiting bodies, renamed it Cytophaga columnaris. …

Herpesvirus Disease Of Salmonids, Ken Wolf, Tokuo Sano, Takahisa Kimura

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

A newly recognized virus, lethal for fry and fingerlings, has been isolated from brood stock rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at the Winthrop National Fish Hatchery, Washington. A similar if not identical virus has been found in natural epizootics occurring annually since 1970 among fry of landlocked sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) on Honshu Island, Japan. More recently, this agent was isolated from moribund and dead adult O. nerka on Hokkaido Island; Japan, but it remains to be determined whether or not the virus causes death in adult salmonids. The purpose of this leaflet is to bring the …

A Disease Of Freshwater Fishes Caused By Tetrahymena Corlissi Thompson, 1955, And A Key For Identification Of Holotrich Ciliates Of Freshwater Fishes, Glenn L. Hoffman, M. Lando, J. E. Camper, D. W. Coats, J. L. Stookey, J. D. Burek

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Tetrahymena corlissi, a free-living protozoan, apparently caused the death of large numbers of guppies (Poecilia reticulatus) and occasionally other fishes, in aquaria and hatcheries at several locations. Apparently the disease occurs when the fish and protozoan populations are both at a high level of density. The signs include white spots and epidermal damage. Histologically, T. corlissi could be seen in skin, muscle, and viscera; in some there was marked inflammation, in others there was little tissue reaction. A key is presented for the identification of invasive fish ciliates: Chilodonella, Hemiophrys, Ichthyophthirius, Ophryoglena, and Tetrahymena.

Review Of Parasites Of Freshwater Fishes, Ross F. Nigrelli

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The title of this paperback should be "The Treatment and Control of Parasites of Freshwater Fishes," since a therapeutic armamentarium is its chief feature. This information, which was collected from many, often obscure, sources, is the most comprehensive collection of data on the subject that has ever been assembled and published. As pointed out by Drs. Hoffman and Meyer, two outstanding authorities on fish diseases, the efficacy of many of the chemicals listed has not been critically evaluated, and some of them should be used with caution. To this end, they have included a table which gives the toxicity limits …

Polypodium Sp. (Coelenterata) Found In North American Sturgeon, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

On 27 May 1970, Mason Shouder, Michigan Fisheries Biologist, discovered some abnormal eggs in a ripe sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens. The fish were taken from the Black River near Cheboygan, Michigan, which is barricaded from Lake Huron by a dam built in the 1920's. Normal ripe eggs were black spheres; the abnormal ones were enlarged and grayish (Fig. 1). About 20% of the eggs were affected and attached to the wall of the uterus in saclike structures. The ovary was also abnormal, being flaccid. In May 1973, a single infected egg was found in vodka-prepreserved eggs from a ripe sturgeon …

Review Of Parasites Of Freshwater Fishes

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This is a well organized, clearly written review of fish parasite control and treatment methods. The authors, who are renowned specialists in the field, have drawn together more than 390 up-to-date references and over 440 treatments. The treatments are discussed for each major parasite group in a handy chart form that greatly facilitates the book's usefulness. Interspersed between the charts are full-page or half-page color plates illustrating the parasites and the appearance of their infections in fish. There are 108 illustrations (all but 2 in color) on 57 pages, constituting more than 25% of the book's length and resulting in …

Review Of Fish Pathology: A Guide To The Recognition And Treatment Of Diseases And Injuries Of Fishes, With Emphasis On Environmental And Pollution Problems And Parasites Of Freshwater Fishes: A Review Of Their Control & Treatment, Ross F. Nigrelli

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Fish Pathology states in its subtitle that it is "A guide to the recognition and treatment of diseases and injuries of fIshes with emphasis on environmental and pollution problems." These topics were included in the author's earlier volume "Krankheiten und Schadigungen der Fische" (Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1966) and are only slightly revised in . this English translation by Christa Ahrens. Fish Pathology deals briefly but inadequately with semiology and histopathologY but it is a good introduction to information on infectious, parasitic, and nonparasitic diseases of fishes, and to such subjects as the harmful effects of pollutants and abnormal environmental …

Review Of Check List Of The Helminth Parasites Of African Freshwater Fishes, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In spite of the fact that freshwater covers about 74,000 square miles of Africa, surprisingly little work has been done on the helminth parasites of African fishes. This well written and documented book consists of excellent parasite/host and host/ parasite check lists followed by indices of parasites and countries. As the author stated, "It is hoped that this list, combined with the increasing recognition of the importance of fish as a source of protein and, therefore, of the significance of potential pathogens, will provide the necessary stimulus to research workers to rectify these gaps."

Morphology Of The Spores Of Myxosoma Cerebralis (Hofer, 1903) And M. Cartilaginis (Hoffman, Putz, And Dunbar, 1965)*, Glenn L. Hoffman, Jiří Lom

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The spore of Myxosoma cerebralis is redescribed and compared with that of a close relative, M. cartilaginis. M. cerebralis is smaller, with greater variability in size and shape. It possesses a mucous envelope whereas M. cartilaginis does not. The surface architecture of M. cerebralis, as seen with the scanning electron microscope, differs in possessing a conspicuous circumsutural groove, prominent polar filament pores, and a mucous envelope.

Mourning Dove Status Report, 1967, James L. Ruos, Duncan Mcdonald

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Nationwide dove population indexes in the 1967 Mourning Dove Status Report were obtained by essentially the same data gathering and analyzing procedures as in 1966. A refinement was made in the base year index, using the mean of the 1966 and 1967 readings as the base for all States. There was a slight adjustment in physiographic region boundaries.

Reviews Of Glenn L. Hoffman (1967). Parasites Of North American Freshwater Fishes., John Paling

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

'This manual', the author explains, 'is intended to be an aid to the identification of the freshwater fish parasites of North America'. Judged by this objective, the book will be an invaluable source of reference for workers in this field. However as it does not set out to cover the ecology of fish parasites and furthermore as it concerns itself mainly with the American fauna, this book will probably have only a limited appeal to readers of this Journal.

Review Of Parasitology: Parasites Of North American Freshwater Fishes, Brother George Paul

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This book is intended to serve as a manual for aiding in the identification of the freshwater fish parasites of North America. To this end an extensive key is given for each of the biological groups that have a notable number of fish parasites. In addition to this, there are sections devoted to such topics as: procedures for examining fish for parasites, methods of preserving and preparing parasites for analysis, a check list of parasites of each species of fish, and an extensive bibliographical list of references.

In Memoriam Ralph Vanderwort Bangham, 1895-1966, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The council notes with regret the passing of Dr. Ralph Vanderwort Bangham who died at his home in Wooster, Ohio, on 26 February 1966 at the age of 71. Dr. Bangham was one of the pioneers in the field of fish parasitology in the United States.

Review Of Key To Parasites Of Freshwater Fish Of The U.S.S.R., Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This is a translation of the Russian book, Opredelitely Parazitov Presnovodnykh Ryb SSSR, by the above authors, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 1962. It is essentially a key to the identification of the species of parasites of the freshwater fishes of Russia including longer descriptions of the higher taxa.

Kill And Migration Patterns Of The Seney Goose Flock, Glen A. Sherwood

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

An intensive investigation into the limiting factors and behavior of the Seney Canada goose (Branta canadensis maxima -- Hanson, 1965) flock was conducted from June, 1962 to August, 1965. A portion of the study findings, concerning kill and migration patterns, is reported here.

The 95,500 acre Seney National Wildlife Refuge is situated in the east-central sector of Michigan's upper peninsula, in the southwest quadrant of land formed by the junction of state highways M-77 and M-28. It is composed of four broad habitat types of which approximately 400 acres are cropland, 26,900 acres upland brush and timber, 61, 000 …

Two New Species Of Plistophora (Microsporidea) From North American Fish With A Synopsis Of Microsporidea Of Freshwater And Euryhaline Fishes, Robert E. Putz, Glenn L. Hoffman, Clarence E. Dunbar

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Two new species of Microsporidea, Plistophora salmonae from steelhead and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Plistophora cepedianae from gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) are described. Schizonts to spores of P. cepedianae were found at one time within the same cyst, while only sporonts and spores of P. salmonae were found within the cyst. An illustrated synopsis of the known Microsporidea of freshwater and euryhaline fishes is given.

Eimeria Aurati N. Sp. (Protozoa:Eimeriidae) From Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) In North America, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In March, 1962 this laboratory received some goldfish for disease diagnosis from Mr. Richard Rice, Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. Seven of 29 fish examined were infected with Eimeria. These fish had long, whitish, opaque fecal casts hanging from the anus. The casts were composed almost entirely of oocysts. When shed, they sank to the bottom and looked somewhat like "spent" tapeworms (Figs. 1, 2). The infected fish were very lethargic and their intestines were swollen with contained fluid. Although I believe that the Eimeria is pathogenic, a heavy infection of other parasites made this difficult to determine. These fish had apparently …

Studies On Myxosoma Cartilaginis N. Sp. (Protozoa: Myxosporidea) Of Centrarchid Fish And A Synopsis Of The Myxosoma Of North American Freshwater Fishes, Glenn L. Hoffman, Robert E. Putz, Clarence E. Dunbar

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Myxosoma cartilaginis n. sp. is described from the cartilage of Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), L. cyanellus (green sunfish) and Micropterus salmoides (largemouth black bass).  The development of the parasite is described from naturally infected fish which were held in spore-free water after infection.  The sporoplasm invades cartilage, and becomes a multinucleate trophozoite which forms pansporoblasts, each of which produces 2 to 4 spores.  The first spores appear in 7 weeks.

The histopathology in the above fish consists at first of little cellular reaction, but after 4 to 5 months epithelioid granulomas appear arround some of the spore masses.  Cartilage liquefaction is …

Species Composition Within States For The 1962-63 And 1963-64 Hunting Seasons, Glen Smart

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This paper considers the species composition of the duck kill in each State as determined by the Duck Wing Collection Surveys during 1962-63 and 1963-64 hunting seasons. Two-thirds of the annual kill was made up of mallards, black ducks, pintails, wood ducks, and green-winged teal. Mallards were the most common species taken in all Flyways except the Atlantic where the black duck was most abundant.

The American Eagles And Their Economic Status, E. R. Kalmbach, Ralph H. Imler, Lee W. Arnold

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

For centuries eagles have captured the fancy of man the world over. Because of its extensive range in the northern hemisphere, the golden eagle is the most widely known of this group of birds. Its use in falconry was the sport of kings. The frequency of its appearance in royal coats of arms indicated its importance. It is the national emblem of Germany and Mexico.

In North America the bald eagle as well as the golden eagle represents this group of powerful birds of prey. The bald eagle is strictly an American species, and the founders of the United States …

Predator And Rodent Control In The United States, A. S. Leopold, S. A. Cain, C. M. Cottam, I. N. Gabrielson, T. L. Kimball

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In a frontier community, animal life is cheap and held in low esteem. Thus it was that a frontiersman would shoot a bison for its tongue or an eagle for amusement. In America we inherited a particularly prejudiced and unsympathetic view of animals that may at times be dangerous or troublesome. From the days of the mountain men through the period of conquest and settlement of the West, incessant war was waged against the wolf, grizzly, cougar, and the lowly coyote, and even today in the remaining backwoods the maxim persists that the only good varmint is a dead one. …

Geographic Distribution Of Some Species Of Trichodinids (Ciliata: Peritricha) Parasitic On Fishes, Glenn L. Hoffman, Jiří Lom

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

North American Trichodina from Carassius auratus, Lepomis cyanellus, L. macrochirus, Micropterus salmoides, and Rhinichthys atratulus have been studied by the silver-impregnation method and compared with European species. T. reticulata Hirschmann and Partsch, 1955, and T. (Foliella) subtilis Lorn, 1959, originally described from European goldfish, are herein recorded from North America also. T. fultoni Davis, 1947, from Lepomis cyanellus, Micropterus salmoides, and Rhinichthys atratulus is redescribed, and T. domerguei f. magna Lorn, 1961, described from European tench and gudgeon, is considered a synonym. A Trichodina sp. from the gills of Lepomis macrochirus is described; it is almost identical with …

Two New Gyrodactylus (Trematoda: Monogenea) From Cyprinid Fishes With Synopsis Of Those Found On North American Fishes, Glenn L. Hoffman, Robert E. Putz

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Gyrodactylus atratuli from the blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) and the pearl dace (Semotilus margarita) is compared with known species of Gyrodactylus from North American fishes and described as a new species. Gyrodactylus margaritae from the pearl dace (Semotilus margarita) is compared with known species of Gyrodactylus from North American fishes and described as a new species. The average number of G. atratuli per blacknose dace in the natural habitat is 7.8 (1 to 32) and in the laboratory at the same water temperature after 55 days in captivity, 5.4 (0 to 11). G. atratuli …

Studies On Neogogatea Kentuckiensis (Cable, 1935) N. Comb. (Trematoda: Strigeoidea: Cyathocotylidae), Glenn L. Hoffman, Clarence E. Dunbar

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The cercaria of N. kentuckiensis was found in Anaplocamus dilatatus (Nitrocris d.) and Mudalia carinata. The metacercaria was found in all fishes examined from Opequon River, West Virginia, except Cottus bairdi which was also refractory to experimental infection. Two species of Centrarchidae, four of Cyprinidae, three of Salmonidae, Etheostoma flabellare, Platypoecilus maculatus, and Trichogaster trichopterus were experimentally infected. The development of the metacercari and cyst and effect on the fish are described. The histopathology initially consists of hemorrhage and muscle necrosis about the metacercaria, followed by reorganization and formation of a loose connective tissue cyst. The controversial adult names …

Studies On Parorchis Acanthus (Trematoda: Digenea) As A Biological Control For The Southern Oyster Drill, Thais Haemastoma, Nelson R. Cooley

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Events in the attack on the southern oyster drill, Thais haemastoma, by miracidia of the digenetic trematode, Parorchis acanthus, are described.

Infection rates in wild drill populations of various Gulf Coast localities from Florida to Texas were low, but intensity of infection in individual drills was high and caused castration. Infection rates in laboratory experiments were high, but intensities were low.

Pathology of natural infections in drills is described. The infection lasts at least two years, possibly even for life.

Natural infection rates of juvenile herring gulls (Larus argentatus) , ring-billed gulls (L. delawarensis), and …

Mortality Of Eastern Brook Trout Caused By Plerocercoids (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea: Diphyllobothriidae) In The Heart And Viscera, Glenn L. Hoffman, C. E. Dunbar

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

It is well known that migrating helminth larvae do a great amount of damage to the host. Often, however, the host is relatively large and the damage done by few larvae is not serious. When the host is very small the mechanical damage, at least, must be proportionately greater for each larva present. An unusual case of mortality of small brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) roughly 2 to 4 inches long was brought to our attention. Examination of the mortalities, as well as survivors, revealed relatively large diphyllobothrid larvae (fig. 1) in the chambers of the heart, liver, pericardial …

Notes On Sanguinicola Davisi (Trematoda: Sanguinicolidae) In The Gills Of Trout, H. S. Davis, Glenn L. Hoffman, E. W. Surber

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In 1953 the late Dr. Davis recorded the presence of an unnamed trematode from the gill blood vessels of fingerling cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) and fingerling steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) at the Alsea Hatchery and in yearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at the Oakridge Hatchery, both of the Oregon State Game Commission. Subsequently, two blood flukes, Sanguinicola davisi and S. klamathensis, were described from trout by Wales (1958). The present species was determined to be S. davisi by one of us (GLH). This report supplements data reported by Davis (1953) and Wales (1958). …