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Articles 61 - 90 of 244
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Impact Of Mixed Biofilm Formation With Environmental Microorganisms On E. Coli O157:H7 Survival Against Sanitization, Sapna Chitlapilly Dass, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Maggie Weinroth, Christian Elowsky, You Zhou, Angela Anandappa, Rong Wang
Impact Of Mixed Biofilm Formation With Environmental Microorganisms On E. Coli O157:H7 Survival Against Sanitization, Sapna Chitlapilly Dass, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Maggie Weinroth, Christian Elowsky, You Zhou, Angela Anandappa, Rong Wang
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens is a serious threat to food safety and public health. Meat processing plants may harbor various microorganisms and occasional foodborne pathogens; thus, the environmental microbial community might impact pathogen survival via mixed biofilm formation. We collected floor drain samples from two beef plants with different E. coli O157:H7 prevalence history and investigated the effects of the environmental microorganisms on pathogen sanitizer tolerance. The results showed that biofilm forming ability and bacterial species composition varied considerably based on the plants and drain locations. E. coli O157:H7 cells obtained significantly higher sanitizer tolerance in mixed biofilms by …
Effect Of Method Of Drying Piglets At Birth On Rectal Temperature Over The First 24 H After Birth, Katherine D. Vande Pol, Andres F. Tolosa, Caleb M. Shull, Catherine B. Brown, Stephan A.S. Alencar, Michael Ellis
Effect Of Method Of Drying Piglets At Birth On Rectal Temperature Over The First 24 H After Birth, Katherine D. Vande Pol, Andres F. Tolosa, Caleb M. Shull, Catherine B. Brown, Stephan A.S. Alencar, Michael Ellis
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Piglets are born wet, and evaporation of that moisture decreases body temperature, increasing the risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two commercially applicable methods for drying piglets at birth on piglet rectal temperature over 24 h after birth. The study was carried out in standard commercial farrowing facilities with 52 litters, using a completely randomized design with three Drying Treatments: Control (not dried); Desiccant (dried at birth using a cellulose-based desiccant); Paper Towel (dried at birth using paper towels). Litters were randomly allotted to treatments at the birth of the first piglet. …
Effect Of Drying And/Or Warming Piglets At Birth On Rectal Temperature Over The First 24 H After Birth, Katherine D. Vande Pol, Andres F. Tolosa, Caleb M. Shull, Catherine B. Brown, Stephan A. S. Alencar, Michael Ellis
Effect Of Drying And/Or Warming Piglets At Birth On Rectal Temperature Over The First 24 H After Birth, Katherine D. Vande Pol, Andres F. Tolosa, Caleb M. Shull, Catherine B. Brown, Stephan A. S. Alencar, Michael Ellis
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Piglets experience a rapid decrease in body temperature immediately after birth, increasing the risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth. The study was carried out at a commercial sow facility using a completely randomized design with four treatments (applied to piglets at birth): Control (no drying or warming), Desiccant (dried using a desiccant), Warming Box (placed in a box under a heat lamp for 30 min), and Desiccant + Warming Box (both dried and warmed as above). …
Brangus Cows Have Ovarian Reserve Parameters More Like Brahman Than Angus Cows, Robert A. Cushman, Émerson M. Soares, Hannah K. Yake, Allyson L. Patterson, Shelby L. Rosasco, Joslyn K. Beard, Emmalee J. Northrop, Jerica J.J. Rich, Jeremy R. Miles, Chadwick C. Chase Jr., Michael G. Gonda, George A. Perry, Anthony K. Mcneel, Adam F. Summers
Brangus Cows Have Ovarian Reserve Parameters More Like Brahman Than Angus Cows, Robert A. Cushman, Émerson M. Soares, Hannah K. Yake, Allyson L. Patterson, Shelby L. Rosasco, Joslyn K. Beard, Emmalee J. Northrop, Jerica J.J. Rich, Jeremy R. Miles, Chadwick C. Chase Jr., Michael G. Gonda, George A. Perry, Anthony K. Mcneel, Adam F. Summers
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Bos indicus females have more surface antral follicles than Bos taurus females; however, histological studies demonstrated no difference in total number of primordial follicles between these two biological types of cattle. Primordial follicle density in the ovary was less in Nelore ovaries compared to Angus ovaries, but no studies have examined the primordial follicle density in Bos indicus cross-bred females. It, therefore, was hypothesized that primordial follicle density in the ovary would decrease as percentage Bos indicus increased. Ovaries were collected from cross-bred Angus (n=32, no Bos indicus influence), Brangus (n=15), or Brahman (n=9) …
The Effects Of Sample Storage Conditions On The Microbial Community Composition In Hydraulic Fracturing Produced Water, Daniel Lipus, Amit Vikram, Richard Hammack, Kyle Bibby, Djuna Gulliver
The Effects Of Sample Storage Conditions On The Microbial Community Composition In Hydraulic Fracturing Produced Water, Daniel Lipus, Amit Vikram, Richard Hammack, Kyle Bibby, Djuna Gulliver
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
The petroleum industry has an increasing interest in understanding the microbial communities driving biofouling and biocorrosion in reservoirs, wells, and infrastructure. However, sampling of the relevant produced fluids from subsurface environments for microbiological analyses is often challenged by high liquid pressures, workplace regulations, operator liability concerns, and remote sampling locations. These challenges result in infrequent sampling opportunities and the need to store and preserve the collected samples for several days or weeks. Maintaining a representative microbial community structure from produced fluid samples throughout storage and handling is essential for accurate results of downstream microbial analyses. Currently, no sample handling or …
Antral Follicular Count Is A Tool That May Allow The Selection Of More Precocious Bradford Heifers At Weaning, R. Santa Cruz, R. A. Cushman, C. Viñoles
Antral Follicular Count Is A Tool That May Allow The Selection Of More Precocious Bradford Heifers At Weaning, R. Santa Cruz, R. A. Cushman, C. Viñoles
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Although antral follicle count is a repeatable parameter across life that is positively associated with fertility, its use at weaning as a tool to discard less fertile heifers has not been extensively evaluated. The hypotheses of this work are: 1) maximum antral follicle count (MAFC) is repeatable between weaning and pre breeding evaluations, allowing selection of more fertile heifers at an early age, 2) heifers with high MAFC have growth and development parameters linked to an earlier puberty and pregnancy, 3) MAFC has a positive correlation with AMH concentrations, so that both could be used inter changeably. In this study, …
Volatile Organic Compound Flux From Manure Of Cattle Fed Diets Differing In Grain Processing Method And Co-Product Inclusion, Kristin Hales, David B. Parker, N. Andy Cole
Volatile Organic Compound Flux From Manure Of Cattle Fed Diets Differing In Grain Processing Method And Co-Product Inclusion, Kristin Hales, David B. Parker, N. Andy Cole
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Odor emissions from livestock production have become increasingly important in the past decade. Odors derived from animal feeding operations are caused by odorous VOC emitted from the mixture of feces and urine, as well as feed and silage which may be experiencing microbial fermentation. Distillers grains are a by-product of corn grain fermentation used to produce fuel ethanol, and this industry has grown rapidly throughout the U.S. in past years. Therefore, the use of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) in feedlot cattle diets has also increased. The objective of this research was to determine specific VOC emissions from feces …
Genetic Testing For Tmem154 Mutations Associated With Lentivirus Susceptibility In Sheep, Michael P. Heaton, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Dustin T. Petrik, Barry Simpson, James W. Kijas, Michael L. Clawson, Carol G. Chitko-Mckown, Gregory P. Harhay, Kreg A. Leymaster, International Sheep Genomics Consortium
Genetic Testing For Tmem154 Mutations Associated With Lentivirus Susceptibility In Sheep, Michael P. Heaton, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Dustin T. Petrik, Barry Simpson, James W. Kijas, Michael L. Clawson, Carol G. Chitko-Mckown, Gregory P. Harhay, Kreg A. Leymaster, International Sheep Genomics Consortium
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
In sheep, small ruminant lentiviruses cause an incurable, progressive, lymphoproliferative disease that affects millions of animals worldwide. Known as ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) in the U.S., and Visna/Maedi virus (VMV) elsewhere, these viruses reduce an animal’s health, productivity, and lifespan. Genetic variation in the ovine transmembrane protein 154 gene (TMEM154) has been previously associated with OPPV infection in U.S. sheep. Sheep with the ancestral TMEM154 haplotype encoding glutamate (E) at position 35, and either form of an N70I variant, were highly-susceptible compared to sheep homozygous for the K35 missense mutation. Our current overall aim was to characterize TMEM154 in …
Dual – Species Biofilm Formation By Shiga – Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli O157:H7 And O26:H11 Serotypes, Rong Wang, Norasak Kalchayanand, John W. Schmidt, Joseph M. Bosilevac
Dual – Species Biofilm Formation By Shiga – Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli O157:H7 And O26:H11 Serotypes, Rong Wang, Norasak Kalchayanand, John W. Schmidt, Joseph M. Bosilevac
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
E. coli O26:H11 strains could outgrow O157:H7 companion strains in planktonic and biofilm phases, and also effectively compete with pre-colonized O157:H7 cells to establish themselves in mixed biofilms. E. coli O157:H7 strains were unable to displace preformed O26:H11 biofilms. Therefore, E. coli O26:H11 remains a potential risk in food safety.
Using Resistivity Arrays To Monitor Groundwater Impacts Near Runoff Holding Ponds, Roger A. Eigenberg, Bryan L. Woodbury
Using Resistivity Arrays To Monitor Groundwater Impacts Near Runoff Holding Ponds, Roger A. Eigenberg, Bryan L. Woodbury
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Mineral and organic salts from beef manure contained in precipitation runoff from feedyard pen surfaces can alter the conductivity properties of soil and water receiving it. Typically, holding ponds are constructed to control runoff from concentrated animal feeding operations. The integrity of these holding ponds has come under increased scrutiny since leakage has the potential to affect soil and groundwater quality. Traditionally, ponds are monitored by installing monitoring wells at key locations to evaluate the impact of these ponds on the environment. These monitoring wells are expensive and subject to ambiguous interpretation. A subsurface resistivity array was installed at a …
Microrna Expression Profile In Bovine Cumulus–Oocyte Complexes: Possible Role Of Let-7 And Mir-106a In The Development Of Bovine Oocytes, J. R. Miles, T. G. Mcdaneld, R.T. Wiedmann, R. A. Cushman, S.E. Echternkamp, J.L. Vallet, T. P.L. Smith
Microrna Expression Profile In Bovine Cumulus–Oocyte Complexes: Possible Role Of Let-7 And Mir-106a In The Development Of Bovine Oocytes, J. R. Miles, T. G. Mcdaneld, R.T. Wiedmann, R. A. Cushman, S.E. Echternkamp, J.L. Vallet, T. P.L. Smith
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
The objectives of this study included: (1) identify the expression of miRNAs specific to bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) during late oogenesis, (2) characterize the expression of candidate miRNAs as well as some miRNA processing genes, and (3) computationally identify and characterize the expression of target mRNAs for candidate miRNAs. Small RNAs in the 16–27 bp range were isolated from pooled COCs aspirated from 1- to 10-mm follicles of beef cattle ovaries and used to construct a cDNA library. A total 1798 putative miRNA sequences from the cDNA library of small RNA were compared to known miRNAs. Sixty-four miRNA clusters matched …
The Accuracies Of Dna-Based Estimates Of Genetic Merit Derived From Angus Or Multibreed Beef Cattle Training Populations, K. L. Weber, D. J. Drake, J. F. Taylor, Dorian Garrick, Larry A. Kuehn, R. Mark Thallman, Robert D. Schnabel, Warren M. Snelling, E. J. Pollak, A. L. Van Eenennaam
The Accuracies Of Dna-Based Estimates Of Genetic Merit Derived From Angus Or Multibreed Beef Cattle Training Populations, K. L. Weber, D. J. Drake, J. F. Taylor, Dorian Garrick, Larry A. Kuehn, R. Mark Thallman, Robert D. Schnabel, Warren M. Snelling, E. J. Pollak, A. L. Van Eenennaam
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Several organizations have developed prediction models for molecular breeding values (MBV) for quantitative growth and carcass traits in beef cattle using Bovine SNP50 genotypes and phenotypic or EBV data. Molecular breeding values for Angus cattle have been developed by IGENITY, Pfi zer Animal Genetics, and a collaboration between researchers from Iowa State University and the University of Missouri-Columbia (ISU/UMC). The U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC; Clay Center, NE) has also developed MBV for 16 cattle breeds using 2 multibreed populations, the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program and the 2,000 Bull Project (2KALL), and 2 single breed subpopulations of …
Phylogeny Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli O157 Isolated From Cattle And Clinically Ill Humans, James L. Bono, Timothy P. L. Smith, James E. Keen, Gregory P. Harhay, Tara G. Mcdaneld, Robert E. Mandrell, Woo Kyung Jung, Thomas E. Besser, Peter Gerner-Smidt, Martina Bielaszewska, Helge Karch, Michael L. Clawson
Phylogeny Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli O157 Isolated From Cattle And Clinically Ill Humans, James L. Bono, Timothy P. L. Smith, James E. Keen, Gregory P. Harhay, Tara G. Mcdaneld, Robert E. Mandrell, Woo Kyung Jung, Thomas E. Besser, Peter Gerner-Smidt, Martina Bielaszewska, Helge Karch, Michael L. Clawson
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Cattle are a major reservoir for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) and harbor multiple genetic subtypes that do not all associate with human disease. STEC O157 evolved from an E. coli O55:H7 progenitor; however, a lack of genome sequence has hindered investigations on the divergence of human- and/or cattle-associated subtypes. Our goals were to 1) identify nucleotide polymorphisms for STEC O157 genetic subtype detection, 2) determine the phylogeny of STEC O157 genetic subtypes using polymorphism-derived genotypes and a phage insertion typing system, and 3) compare polymorphism-derived genotypes identified in this study with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the …
Assessment Of Pubertal Development Of Boars Derived From Ultrasonographic Determination Of Testicular Diameter, J.J. Ford, T.H. Wise
Assessment Of Pubertal Development Of Boars Derived From Ultrasonographic Determination Of Testicular Diameter, J.J. Ford, T.H. Wise
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
At the onset of puberty, seminiferous tubules rapidly increase in diameter, thereby occupying a greater proportion of the testis, resulting in a rapid increase in testicular size. The objective of the current studies was to evaluate ultrasonography for assessing testicular diameter, as a basis for ranking boars relative to their extent of pubertal development. In the initial study, prior to castration at 4, 5, 6, or 7 mo of age, testicular length and diameter were assessed by ultrasonography in 160 anesthetized boars. After castration, testes were weighed. Mean diameter of seminiferous tubules and percentage of the testis occupied by tubules …
Review: Preweaning, Postweaning, And Carcass Trait Comparisons For Progeny Sired By Subtropically Adapted Beef Sire Breeds At Various Us Locations, F. A. Thrift, J. O. Sanders, M. A. Brown, A. H. Brown Jr, A. D. Herring, D. G. Riley, S. M. Derouen, J. W. Holloway, W. E. Wyatt, R. C. Vann, C. C. Chase Jr., D. E. Franke, L. V. Cundiff, J. F. Baker
Review: Preweaning, Postweaning, And Carcass Trait Comparisons For Progeny Sired By Subtropically Adapted Beef Sire Breeds At Various Us Locations, F. A. Thrift, J. O. Sanders, M. A. Brown, A. H. Brown Jr, A. D. Herring, D. G. Riley, S. M. Derouen, J. W. Holloway, W. E. Wyatt, R. C. Vann, C. C. Chase Jr., D. E. Franke, L. V. Cundiff, J. F. Baker
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
This review, which represents a summarization of research results generated during an approximately 22-yr period, involves preweaning, postweaning, and carcass trait comparisons of progeny sired by Bos indicus (Brahman, Boran, Nellore, Indu-Brazil, Gir, Sahiwal), B. indicus-derivative (Brangus, Beefmaster, Santa Gertrudis, Gelbray, Simbrah), non-B. indicus (Tuli, Romosinuano, Bonsmara, Senepol) subtropically adapted, and traditional Bos taurus (Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Red Poll) sire breeds. Relative to Brahman-sired progeny, preweaning (weaning weight) and postweaning (postweaning ADG, feedlot ADG, final feedlot BW) performance is expected to be less for progeny sired by non-B. indicus subtropically adapted sire breeds. The non-B. indicus subtropically adapted sire …
Characterization Of Biological Types Of Cattle (Cycle Viii): Carcass, Yield, And Longissimus Palatability Traits, T. L. Wheeler, L. V. Cundiff, S. D. Shackelford, M. Koohmaraie
Characterization Of Biological Types Of Cattle (Cycle Viii): Carcass, Yield, And Longissimus Palatability Traits, T. L. Wheeler, L. V. Cundiff, S. D. Shackelford, M. Koohmaraie
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate alternative sources of tropically adapted cattle germplasm and compare them with Angus- (AN) and Hereford- (HE) sired steers. Carcass, yield, and longissimus thoracis palatability traits from F1 steers (n = 621) obtained from mating AN and United States Meat Animal Research Center III cows to HE, AN, Brangus (BR), Beefmaster (BM), Bonsmara (BO), or Romosinuano (RO) sires were compared. Data were adjusted to constant age (426 d), carcass weight (340 kg), fat thickness (1.0 cm), fat trim percentage (25%), and marbling (Small00) endpoints. For Warner- Bratzler and slice …
Computing Numerator Relationships Between Any Pair Of Animals, L. Dale Van Vleck
Computing Numerator Relationships Between Any Pair Of Animals, L. Dale Van Vleck
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
We describe a simple method to compute the numerator relationship between any or all pairs of animals in the numerator relationship matrix. The method depends on output of the MTDFNRM program from the MTDFREML set of programs. An option of the MTDFNRM program creates a file that includes the inbreeding coefficient for each animal. The method also makes use of how the inbreeding coefficient is traditionally calculated: one-half of the relationship between the animal’s parents. To obtain the numerator relationship between any pair of animals, the original pedigree file is augmented with a dummy animal with an identification number (ID) …
Effects Of A Single Foot Rot Incident On Weight Performance Of Feedlot Steers, G. K. Tibbetts, T. M. Devin, D. Griffin, J. E. Keen, G. P. Rupp
Effects Of A Single Foot Rot Incident On Weight Performance Of Feedlot Steers, G. K. Tibbetts, T. M. Devin, D. Griffin, J. E. Keen, G. P. Rupp
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Feedlot performance records from the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center feedlot for 1993 through 2000 were analyzed to evaluate the impact of foot rot on ADG and total days on feed. Records from the original pool of 36,755 bull, steer, and heifer calves were sorted so that only steers that had a single foot rot incidence and no other morbidities were included in the data set (7,100 steers). To roughly pattern these data to industry production practices, time of foot rot insult during feeding was divided into 3 production periods: starting (0 to 60 d), growing (61 to 120 d), …
Genetic Relationships Between Male And Female Reproductive Traits In Beef Cattle, G. Gargantini, L. V. Cundiff, D. D. Lunstra, L. D. Van Vleck
Genetic Relationships Between Male And Female Reproductive Traits In Beef Cattle, G. Gargantini, L. V. Cundiff, D. D. Lunstra, L. D. Van Vleck
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Reproductive traits were measured for 234 bulls and 1184 heifers from matings of three dam breeds (Angus, Hereford, and U.S. Meat Animal Research Center III) with six sire breeds (Angus, Hereford, Brahman, Boran, Tuli, and Belgian Blue) from the Germ Plasm Evaluation (GPE) Program at Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center. Male traits were yearling scrotal circumference (YSC), height (YH), and yearling BW; age at puberty (AP1; production of 50 million sperm with ≥10% progressive motility); age, scrotal circumference, average testis length, and testicular volume when 500 million sperm were …
Comparison Of Longhorn- And Red Poll-Sired Calves From Crossbred Dams Calving At Two Or Three Years Of Age, X H. Liu, A Perez Marquez, L. V. Cundiff, L. D. Van Vleck
Comparison Of Longhorn- And Red Poll-Sired Calves From Crossbred Dams Calving At Two Or Three Years Of Age, X H. Liu, A Perez Marquez, L. V. Cundiff, L. D. Van Vleck
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Calving difficulty, survival from birth to weaning, birth weight, and weaning weight of 167 calves and carcass traits of 88 cattle (63 for adjusted fat thickness) were compared for progeny of Red Poll and Longhorn bulls mated to crossbred cows that calved at 2 or 3 yr of age. Results indicated that Longhornsired calves required 28% less assistance at calving than Red Poll-sired calves when dams calved at 2 yr of age (P<0.05), but there was no difference between Red Poll- and Longhorn-sired calves for calving difficulty with 3- yr-old cows. Red Poll-sired calves had significantly greater birth and weaning BW than did Longhorn-sired calves for 2-yrold dams. Significant differences attributable to sire breed were found only for bone percentage of progeny of 3-yr-old dams, but not for carcass weight, fat thickness, longissimus area, USDA quality grades, and percentages retail product, fat trim, or bone. There was a significant interaction between sire breed and age of dam only for calving difficulty. Within sire breed, calving difficulty of 2- yr-old dams was greater than that for 3- yr-old dams, and calves from 2-yr-old dams also were significantly lighter at weaning than were calves from 3-yr-old dams (P<0 .01).
Breed Comparisons Of Weight, Weight Adjusted For Condition Score, Height, And Condition Score Of Beef Cows, J. A. Arango, L. V. Cundiff, L. D. Van Vleck
Breed Comparisons Of Weight, Weight Adjusted For Condition Score, Height, And Condition Score Of Beef Cows, J. A. Arango, L. V. Cundiff, L. D. Van Vleck
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Breeds were compared for differences in BW (n = 56,731), heights (n = 51,407) and body condition scores (BCS, n = 56,371) of 2- to 8-yr-old cows from four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program at the U. S. Meat Animal Research Center (U.S. Meat Animal Research Center). Angus, Hereford, and topcross cows from 22 breeds of sires were produced. The mixed model for repeated measures of BW, height, and BCS included random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects of the cow. Differences among crosses were significant for all traits. In general, BW, …
Comparative Gene Mapping: Cytogenetic Localization Of Proc, En1, Alpi, Tnp1, And Il1b In Cattle And Sheep Reveals A Conserved Rearrangement Relative To The Human Genome, N. L. Lòpez-Corrales, T. S. Sonstegard, T. P. L. Smith
Comparative Gene Mapping: Cytogenetic Localization Of Proc, En1, Alpi, Tnp1, And Il1b In Cattle And Sheep Reveals A Conserved Rearrangement Relative To The Human Genome, N. L. Lòpez-Corrales, T. S. Sonstegard, T. P. L. Smith
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
The cytogenetic locations of the genes for protein C (PROC), transition protein 1 (TNP1), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPI), engrailed (EN1), and human protointerleukin ß (IL1B) have been compared between cattle (Bos taurus, BTA) and sheep (Ovis aries, OAR). Bovine YAC and cosmid clones were used as FISH probes to determine the order (centromere to telomere) of four of these genes on OAR 2q, as well as the location of IL1B on OAR 3p. In cattle, IL1B and EN1 were assigned to BTA 11 and BTA 2, respectively. Alignment of the ovine, bovine, and human physical maps based on these data …
Reduction Of Brochothrix Thermosphacta On Beef Surfaces Following Immobilization Of Nisin In Calcium Alginate Gels, C. N. Cutter, G. R. Siragusa
Reduction Of Brochothrix Thermosphacta On Beef Surfaces Following Immobilization Of Nisin In Calcium Alginate Gels, C. N. Cutter, G. R. Siragusa
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Lean and adipose beef carcass tissues inoculated with Brochothrix thermosphacta (BT) (approx. 4·50 log10 cfu cm-2) were left untreated (U) or treated with 100 µg ml-1 nisin (N), calcium alginate (A) or 100 µg ml-1 nisin immobilized in a calcium alginate gel (AN). Tissue samples were refrigerated after treatments and bacterial populations and nisin activity were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 7 d. U, A and N treatments of lean and adipose tissues did not suppress bacterial growth (>6 log10 cfu cm-2 by day 7) while treatments of lean and adipose …
Beef Facilities And Management At U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, W. Gordon Hays, Gary S. Ross
Beef Facilities And Management At U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, W. Gordon Hays, Gary S. Ross
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
The Cattle Operations Unit functions as a support service to the research scientists and maintains the animal populations necessary for our livestock research. Indirectly, this also involves responsible land management and herd health procedures. All the facilities and procedures employed in maintaining the extensive cattle herd are determined by research needs. Consequently, while providing a function sometimes indirectly related to research, the operations unit is necessary to provide adequate feedstuffs and healthy animals for research studies.
Can Cattle Be Litter Bearing? Uterine Capacity In Cattle., Sherrill E. Echternkamp
Can Cattle Be Litter Bearing? Uterine Capacity In Cattle., Sherrill E. Echternkamp
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
With few exceptions, the bovine female produces one ovum per estrous cycle, and consequently one offspring per year. Thus,the reproductive rate of cattle is low in comparison to other meat-producing animals, birds and fish. Studies at the University of Wisconsin in the early 1950's indicated that the frequency of twin ovulations was 1O-fold greater than the frequency of twin births. However, a recent evaluation of ovulation rate in the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center twinner herd indicated that about 50% of the twin ovulations resulted in twin births. With a twinning frequency of 25% in this population, it is suggested …
Biological Efficiency Differences Among Bos Taurus X Bos Taurus And Bos Indicus X Bos Taurus F1-Cross Cows, Ronnie D. Green, Larry V. Cundiff, Gordon E. Dickerson, Thomas G. Jenkins
Biological Efficiency Differences Among Bos Taurus X Bos Taurus And Bos Indicus X Bos Taurus F1-Cross Cows, Ronnie D. Green, Larry V. Cundiff, Gordon E. Dickerson, Thomas G. Jenkins
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Matching germplasm to resources through designed crossbreeding programs can contribute to optimum beef production efficiency. This is particularly true in light of the wide diversity of environmental conditions encountered by beef producers in the U.S. This approach requires considerable knowledge about genetic diversity among breeds in components of performance and furthermore how those components interact to influence life-cycle efficiency in the production setting. It was largely this identified need, coupled with the importation of a number of new breeds from continental Europe, that gave impetus for the establishment of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. In Cycles I and II of …
Characterizing Stress In Feeder Cattle, G. Leroy Hahn, John A. Nienaber
Characterizing Stress In Feeder Cattle, G. Leroy Hahn, John A. Nienaber
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
During the period August 6 to 10, 1992, a heat wave moved through central and eastern Nebraska. Maximum air temperatures were in the 90 to 95°F range, generally not considered to be extreme during the summer season. However, during this particular episode, the accompanying humidity was higher than normal (50 to 70% during the hottest portions of the day), with light to moderate winds except on August 8 when the wind was fairly strong. The relatively cool preceding summer weather had not adequately conditioned livestock to high levels of heat stress. As a result, several hundred feedlot cattle died in …
Effect Of Marbling On Variation And Change In Beef Tenderness In Bos Taurus And Bos Indicus Crosses, Robert M. Koch, John D. Crouse, Michael E. Dikeman, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory
Effect Of Marbling On Variation And Change In Beef Tenderness In Bos Taurus And Bos Indicus Crosses, Robert M. Koch, John D. Crouse, Michael E. Dikeman, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Today's diet conscious consumers continue to desire flavorful, tender meat, but increasingly avoid excess fat. Differences in USDA quality grades within similar aged cattle are determined primarily by differences in marbling scores which tend to be associated with overall fatness in beef carcasses. Previous studies (Cundiff et al., 1988) demonstrated an antagonism between lean yield in carcasses and degree of marbling associated with higher quality grades. Breeds that rank highest for retail product percentage rank lowest for marbling. High negative genetic correlations have been found within breeds between marbling and retail product percentage. Thus, only limited opportunity exists for genetically …
Feedlot And Carcass Characteristics Of Heifers: Effect Of Ovariectomy And Ovariectomy With Ovarian Autograft, John M. Klindt, John D. Crouse
Feedlot And Carcass Characteristics Of Heifers: Effect Of Ovariectomy And Ovariectomy With Ovarian Autograft, John M. Klindt, John D. Crouse
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
Heifers as beef animals traditionally have been discriminated against in the marketplace. This discrimination is the result of ovarian secretions acting on performance and nutrient partitioning, as well as the possibility of pregnancies. The actions of ovarian secretions can be through their differentiational effects, permanent effects on the development and physiology of the individual, and through activational effects, temporary effects expressed only when the activating agent is present. Expression of heat or estrual activity is an example of an activational effect. The fatter carcasses which heifers generally produce is an example of a differentiational effect. Not only do heifers produce …
Fiber Degrading Microorganisms From Bison, Cattle-Bison Hybrids And Cattle., Vincent H. Varel, Burk A. Dehority
Fiber Degrading Microorganisms From Bison, Cattle-Bison Hybrids And Cattle., Vincent H. Varel, Burk A. Dehority
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports
The limiting factor in forage plants which prevents more complete degradation by ruminants is the fiber component. Sometimes called lignocellulose, this fraction is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Forages are normally high in lignocellulose when compared to cereal grains, therefore they are lower in digestibility, which in turn results in reduced efficiency of animal production. Studies have shown that a small increase in forage digestibility, such as 7 to 12%, can result in increases of 30 to 40% in animal gain. These numbers provide a substantial incentive to further study the factors which limit the degradation of forage …