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Cover & Acknowledgments: 2005 Beef Cattle Report
Cover & Acknowledgments: 2005 Beef Cattle Report
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Appreciation is expressed to the following firms, associations, or agencies who provided grant support for research in the beef cattle program.
Back Cover: 2005 Beef Cattle Report
Back Cover: 2005 Beef Cattle Report
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two Programs -- One Industry
Grazing Livestock Systems Major
Feedlot Management Internship Program
Beef . . . Built on Partnerships
The Effects Of Temperature And Temperature-Humidity Index On Pregnancy Rate In Beef Cows, Jamee Amundson, Terry L. Mader, Richard J. Rasby, Q. Steven Hu
The Effects Of Temperature And Temperature-Humidity Index On Pregnancy Rate In Beef Cows, Jamee Amundson, Terry L. Mader, Richard J. Rasby, Q. Steven Hu
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Ten years of records from a 150- head beef cow herd were used to determine the relationship of temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) on pregnancy rate in beef cows. Pregnancy rate of the herd for the duration of the experiment averaged 92%. There was a linear relationship between average 30-day temperature and pregnancy rate during the first 30 days of the breeding season. Average THI greater than 65 for the first 30 days of the breeding season tended to decrease pregnancy rate in the first 30 days, but there was no effect on herd pregnancy rate. If the 60-day average …
The Effects Of Phosphate Type And Potassium Lactate Level On Quality Characteristics Of Enhanced Beef Steaks, Joe L. Baumert, Roger W. Mandigo
The Effects Of Phosphate Type And Potassium Lactate Level On Quality Characteristics Of Enhanced Beef Steaks, Joe L. Baumert, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Beef semitendinosus steaks were used to evaluate the effects of sodium phosphate and potassium lactate on quality characteristics of enhanced beef steaks. Sodium phosphate decreased the amount of package purge and cook loss and gave the beef product a darker, redder appearance. Potassium lactate gave the product a darker, redder appearance, while increasing levels of lactate decreased total psychrotrophic (bacterial) plate counts, and decreased package purge and cook loss. Sodium phosphate and potassium lactate aid in extending shelf-life and improving quality attributes of enhanced beef steaks.
Effects Of Corn Moisture And Length Of Ensiling On Dry Matter Digestibility And Rumen Degradable Protein, Joshua R. Benton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson
Effects Of Corn Moisture And Length Of Ensiling On Dry Matter Digestibility And Rumen Degradable Protein, Joshua R. Benton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
An in situ trial was conducted to evaluate effects of corn moisture and length of ensiling on dry matter digestibility (ISDMD) and degradable intake protein (DIP). Corn treatments consisted of dry-rolled, high-moisture, and reconstituted dry corn. Corn samples were incubated in situ for 22 hours and ISDMD (%) and DIP (% of CP) values were calculated. Both high moisture and reconstituted corn had higher ISDMD and DIP values than dry-rolled corn. Dry matter digestibility and degradable intake protein increased for high-moisture and reconstituted corn when either moisture or length of ensiling was increased.
Evaluation And Composition Of Beef Semitendinosus Utilizing A Novel Cooking System, Betsy L. Booren, Joe L. Baumert, Roger W. Mandigo
Evaluation And Composition Of Beef Semitendinosus Utilizing A Novel Cooking System, Betsy L. Booren, Joe L. Baumert, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
The effects of cooking dwell time on chemical and physical properties of cooked meat and cook-out purge were examined. Cooked meat yields were not affected among cooking dwell times for samples with 12% added enhancement solution. Increasing cooking dwell time resulted in increased cooked meat tenderness. No differences were demonstrated among cook-out purge samples for moisture, ash, fat, and total collagen values regardless of cooking dwell time, pump level, and endpoint temperature of the sample. This may be beneficial to meat processors in creating an ready-to-eat product that utilizes cook-out purge.
Tree Growth And Cattle Weight Gain In A Ponderosa Pine System, James R. Brandle, Jeremy Tiller, Casey B. Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Tree Growth And Cattle Weight Gain In A Ponderosa Pine System, James R. Brandle, Jeremy Tiller, Casey B. Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Integrated timber and livestock systems (silvopastoral) are common in several regions of the United States. Grazing of three timber stands in eastern Nebraska showed no signs of tree damage due to rubbing or soil compaction. Steer gains were lower under the silvopastoral system compared to a typical pasture system (1.05 lb/day versus 1.70 lb/day). Growth of timber in silvopastoral stands was reduced (35.0 cubic feet per year versus 37.8 cubic feet per year); however, total productivity of the silvopastoral system (timber plus livestock) was greater ($20.98/acre) than with traditional timber systems.
Ethanol Distiller By-Product Phosphorus Concentration As Influenced By Corn Hybrid, Bahman Eghball
Ethanol Distiller By-Product Phosphorus Concentration As Influenced By Corn Hybrid, Bahman Eghball
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Analysis of commercial corn hybrids indicated grain phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.19% to 0.39%. This range of P concentration provides an opportunity to reduce P in the distiller’s by-products. Based on 90% starch conversion efficiency, the estimated P concentrations of ethanol by-product were 0.52% and 1.04% when using grain with P concentrations of 0.19% and 0.39%, respectively. This is a reduction of 50% when using low P instead of high P corn hybrids.
Effect Of Injecting Modified Connective Tissue Solutions On Quality Of Beef Roasts, Oscar Esquivel, Roger W. Mandigo
Effect Of Injecting Modified Connective Tissue Solutions On Quality Of Beef Roasts, Oscar Esquivel, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Soluble collagen from enzymatically treated beef tendons was used in an enhancement brine to inject and tumble USDA select grade semitendinosus muscles. Similar samples injected only with water, salt and phosphates and non-injected ST roasts were used as controls. No treatment differences were found for package purge loss and shear force. Color of collagen injected samples was either similar to non-injected or salt/ phosphate injected pieces. Sensory evaluation indicated that samples injected with enzyme treated collagen were tenderer, juicier, and more flavorful. Tendons can be modified and successfully used for injection of whole muscle products in model systems.
Effects Of Field Peas In Beef Finishing Diets, Erin M. Fendrick, Ivan G. Rush, Dennis R. Brink, Galen E. Erickson, David D. Baltensperger
Effects Of Field Peas In Beef Finishing Diets, Erin M. Fendrick, Ivan G. Rush, Dennis R. Brink, Galen E. Erickson, David D. Baltensperger
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Feeding field peas was compared to using corn in beef finishing diets. Diets containing field peas at 0%, 20%, 40%, and 59% replacement of corn in ration DM were fed to 129 steers. Dry matter intake increased from the 0% to 40% diets, but decreased when 59% peas replaced corn compared to 40%. No significant differences in ADG and G:F were observed. Field peas can replace 59% of the corn DM in beef finishing diet with no significant differences in animal gain or feed efficiency.
Performance And Economics Of Yearlings Developed With Intensive Winter Management, And Partial Season Grazing, Jeffrey D. Folmer, Casey N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Performance And Economics Of Yearlings Developed With Intensive Winter Management, And Partial Season Grazing, Jeffrey D. Folmer, Casey N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two experiments were conducted over two years to evaluate effects of two developmental systems on performance and economics of long yearling steer production. Steers were wintered in the normal system with corn residue grazing and dry lot hay feeding, with 5 lb per day wet corn gluten feed as a supplement. Intensively managed steers were given 6 lb per day wet corn gluten feed and implanted with Ralgro® at the beginning of the wintering period and Synovex S® at the beginning of the dry lot phase. In addition, intensively managed steers were removed from summer pasture early. Intensive system steers …
Performance And Economics Of Sorting Yearling Steers By Feedlot Initial Body Weight, Jeffrey D. Folmer, Casey N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Performance And Economics Of Sorting Yearling Steers By Feedlot Initial Body Weight, Jeffrey D. Folmer, Casey N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Four groups of long yearling steers were used to evaluate the effect of sorting by feedlot initial body weight on performance and feedlot economic variables during the feeding period. Steers were sorted into the lightest 25%, middle 50%, and heaviest 25%, along with a nonsorted control. Steers were marketed by sort treatment: heavy two weeks prior, middle one week after, and light three weeks after the unsorted control steers. Sorting did not affect dry matter intake, average daily gain, marbling, 12th rib fat thickness, USDA yield and quality grades, or economic analysis; however, sorting did increase days on feed, feedlot …
Effects Of Dietary Phosphorus Level In Beef Finishing Diets On Phosphorus Excretion Characteristics, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe
Effects Of Dietary Phosphorus Level In Beef Finishing Diets On Phosphorus Excretion Characteristics, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Five ruminally fistulated steers were fed five finishing diets containing varying levels and sources of phosphorus (P). Diets consisted of 3 brewer’s grits-based diets consisting of one with no supplemental P (0.12) and two supplemented with mineral P (0.27%, and 0.42% P), one corn-based diet (0.30% P), and one diet containing dry distillers grains (0.36% P). As P intake increased, P excretion increased and was positively correlated (r = 0.67; P < 0.01) to P intake. Most of the P excretion was fecal P averaging 88.7% of total excretion. With the exception of steers fed the 0.12% P diet with very little (0.50 g/day) urinary P, steers fed the other treatment diets excreted an average 2.1 g/day via the urine. These data suggest that P intake is positively correlated to P excretion and diet P concentration may impact route of excretion.
Determination Of Undegradable Intake Protein Digestibility In Forages, Heather L. Haugen, Sarah K. Ivan, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Determination Of Undegradable Intake Protein Digestibility In Forages, Heather L. Haugen, Sarah K. Ivan, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Digestibility of undegradable intake protein of smooth bromegrass, birdsfoot trefoil, and heat-treated alfalfa was determined using the mobile nylon bag technique. Undegradable intake protein (UIP) was determined using neutral detergent insoluble protein at 75% of the total mean retention time; 1.82 and 1.71 in June and July for brome and 1.30 and 1.94 in June and July for birdsfoot trefoil. Digestibility (%) of the UIP in brome was 38.6 and 27.1 in June and July and in birdsfoot trefoil 21.1 and 25.1. The UIP (% DM) of alfalfa dried to simulate dehydrated, sun-cured, and fresh alfalfa, was 3.13, 2.10, and …
Effect Of Feeding A By-Product Combination Consisting Of Wet Distillers Grains And Wet Corn Gluten Feed To Feedlot Cattle, Pablo L. Loza, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock
Effect Of Feeding A By-Product Combination Consisting Of Wet Distillers Grains And Wet Corn Gluten Feed To Feedlot Cattle, Pablo L. Loza, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two-hundred-and-eighty yearling steers were used to evaluate effects of increasing levels of a corn milling byproduct combination (Blend) (50% wet corn gluten feed, 50% wet distillers grains; DM basis) and different alfalfa hay levels on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Levels of Blend were 0%, 25%, 50% or 75% diet DM. Alfalfa level was either kept constant at 7.5% of DM or the forage level decreased, i.e., 7.5%, 5.0%, 2.5%, and 0% alfalfa for the 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% Blend, respectively. Steer DMI, ADG, and F:G responded quadratically (P<0.05), with the greatest ADG and improved at 25% and 50% blend. These results suggest that feeding a 50:50 combination of wet corn gluten feed and wet distillers grains for up to 50% of a diet will enhance cattle performance.
Effect Of Different Corn Processing Methods And Roughage Levels In Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Pablo L. Loza, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock
Effect Of Different Corn Processing Methods And Roughage Levels In Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Pablo L. Loza, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Sixty steers were individually fed for a 101-day period to evaluate two corn processing methods, dry rolled (DRC) or 29% moisture reconstituted corn (HMC), in combination with two levels of alfalfa hay (0% and 7% DM) in finishing diets containing 25% wet corn gluten feed (WCGF). Final body weight was greater for the steers fed DRC compared to steers fed HMC diets. Steers receiving DRC treatments had a 16% higher DMI than HMC treatments. DMI was greater in the DRC 7% alfalfa treatment than DRC 0% alfalfa treatment, while there was no difference between the HMC treatments. There was a …
Influence Of Corn Kernel Traits On Digestibility And Ruminal Fermentation, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Wayne Fithian
Influence Of Corn Kernel Traits On Digestibility And Ruminal Fermentation, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Wayne Fithian
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A metabolism trial was conducted to determine the influence of corn kernel traits on digestibility. The seven hybrids used in this study were the same as those fed in a feedlot performance trial where kernel traits were correlated to feed efficiency. These hybrids were selected to represent a range within and among kernel traits. There were no differences in total tract digestibility for hybrids that have softer endosperm. Ruminal pH parameters and intake behavior were not found to be different for animals in the metabolism trial. However, differences did exist among hybrids for volatile fatty acid production. VFA production over …
The Effects Of Dried Distillers Grains On Heifers Consuming Low Or High Quality Forage, Sarah Morris, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Galen E. Erickson, Kyle J. Vander Pol
The Effects Of Dried Distillers Grains On Heifers Consuming Low Or High Quality Forage, Sarah Morris, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Galen E. Erickson, Kyle J. Vander Pol
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two forage sources, high and low quality, were used to evaluate effects of five levels of dried distillers grains on forage intake. Ninety heifer calves were fed high or low quality forage, supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, or 6 lb DM dried distillers grains. Forage intakes linearly decreased as dried distillers grains increased. Average daily gain increased linearly with increased dried distillers grains indicating that dried distillers grains can be a protein and energy supplement source and a substitute for forage. Dried distillers grains are an economical supplement to cattle on either high or low quality forage diets.
Vaccination For Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Market Ready Feedlot Cattle, Robert E. Peterson, David R. Smith, Rodney A. Moxley, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Susan Hinkley
Vaccination For Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Market Ready Feedlot Cattle, Robert E. Peterson, David R. Smith, Rodney A. Moxley, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Susan Hinkley
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A clinical trial was conducted in summer 2003 to evaluate effects of vaccinating feedlot cattle against Type III secretory proteins of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli on prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in feces. Treatments included: 1) no vaccination; 2) vaccinated once at re-implant (day 42); 3) vaccinated upon arrival (day 0) and again at re-implant (day 42); and 4) vaccinated on arrival (day 0), at day 21, and again at re-implant (day 42). Vaccination effectively reduced the proportion of feedlot cattle shedding O157 in the feces, the effect was dose-responsive, and vaccination within a pen conferred protection to unvaccinated pen-mates (herd …
Effects Of Corn Bran And Corn Steep Inclusion In Finishing Diets On Cattle Performance And Nitrogen Mass Balance, Kristi M. Sayer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Casey N. Macken
Effects Of Corn Bran And Corn Steep Inclusion In Finishing Diets On Cattle Performance And Nitrogen Mass Balance, Kristi M. Sayer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Casey N. Macken
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of decreasing digestibility of a finishing diet by replacing dry rolled corn (DRC) with corn bran, or a combination of corn bran and steep, on cattle performance and nitrogen mass balance in open feedlots. Replacement of DRC with bran had no impact on performance when steep was included in the finishing diets at 15% DM. Feeding bran and steep, in combination, was an effective means of reducing N losses in winter, as well as maintaining cattle performance throughout the year.
Effect Of Corn Bran And Corn Steep Inclusion In Finishing Diets On Diet Digestibility And Fiber Disappearance, Kristi M. Sayer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Tim W. Loy
Effect Of Corn Bran And Corn Steep Inclusion In Finishing Diets On Diet Digestibility And Fiber Disappearance, Kristi M. Sayer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Tim W. Loy
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Eight ruminally cannulated heifers were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square to determine the effects of replacing dry rolled corn with corn bran or a combination of corn bran and corn steep, on diet digestibility and rumen environment. Heifers received diets including 0% bran, 30% bran, 30% bran/15% steep and 45% bran/ 15% steep. Byproduct diets were effective in reducing acidosis and had lower dry matter and organic matter digestibilities than the control diet, regardless of steep inclusion. Fiber digestion and microbial efficiency may have been promoted with the inclusion of corn …
Effect Of Clinoptilolite Zeolite On Cattle Performance And Nitrogen Volatilization Loss, Dawn M. Sherwood, Galen E. Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein
Effect Of Clinoptilolite Zeolite On Cattle Performance And Nitrogen Volatilization Loss, Dawn M. Sherwood, Galen E. Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A winter feeding experiment evaluated effects of adding clinoptilolite zeolite clay at 1.2% of the diet on steer performance and nitrogen (N) volatilization loss. No differences were found in steer performance, removed manure composition or N balance; however, small numeric improvements were observed in ADG and F:G for steers fed zeolite. Adding zeolite clay to feedlot diets did not affect N loss in open feedlots using mass balance techniques.
Effects Of Dried Distillers Grains Supplementation Frequency On Heifer Growth, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams
Effects Of Dried Distillers Grains Supplementation Frequency On Heifer Growth, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Dried distillers grains were fed as an energy source to growing heifers as a supplement to grass hay. Heifers were fed the equivalent of 3 lb/head daily, either three or six times per week of the same supplement. Heifers fed dried distillers grains six times per week gained more weight than heifers fed three times per week but those fed three times per week had greater allantoin to creatinine ratios. Better animal performance may result from more frequent supplementation of dried distillers grains.
Effects Of Supplemental Protein During Gestation And Grazing Sub-Irrigated Meadow During The Postpartum Interval On Pregnancy Rates Of Spring Calving Cows And Calf Growth, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Effects Of Supplemental Protein During Gestation And Grazing Sub-Irrigated Meadow During The Postpartum Interval On Pregnancy Rates Of Spring Calving Cows And Calf Growth, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A two year experiment evaluated the influence of supplemental protein during the last trimester of gestation and grazing sub-irrigated meadow during the postpartum interval on pregnancy rates and calf growth in a March calving production system. Supplemental protein during the last trimester did not improve subsequent pregnancy rate but resulted in increased carcass weight. Allowing cows to graze sub-irrigated meadow during the postpartum interval improved pregnancy rates but did not change steer performance in the feedlot. Feeding supplemental protein during the last trimester of gestation and allowing cows to graze sub-irrigated meadow were both economical methods of improving production.
Degradable Intake Protein In Finishing Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Degradable Intake Protein In Finishing Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
An experiment evaluated the effects of finishing diets containing dried distillers grains supplemented with degradable intake protein on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling heifers. Diets contained 10% or 20% dried distillers grains (DDG) with or without 0.80 or 0.63% urea. Degradable intake protein balances were -192 (10% DDG no urea), 58 (10% DDG + urea), -111 (20% DDG), and 81 (20% DDG + urea) grams/day. No response in performance or carcass characteristics were observed among treatments. The results indicate sufficient amounts of urea were recycled to the rumen to meet the degradable intake protein requirement. Therefore, supplemental degradable intake …
Composting Of Feedlot Manure: Compost Characteristics, Crop Yields And Application Rates, Casey B. Wilson, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Walker Luedtke, Mark A. Schroeder
Composting Of Feedlot Manure: Compost Characteristics, Crop Yields And Application Rates, Casey B. Wilson, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Walker Luedtke, Mark A. Schroeder
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Crop yields were measured using no-compost check strips in large-scale production fields to determine the impact of a one-time compost application. Adding compost to irrigated corn, irrigated soybeans and dryland corn acres significantly increased yields. Altering the application rate from 0 to 20 to 40 ton per acre did not significantly increase grain yield. However, all yields made biological improvements under irrigated conditions when compost was added.
Reducing Diet Digestibility And Increasing Pen Cleaning Frequency: Effects On Nitrogen Losses And Compost Nitrogen Recovery, Travis B. Farran, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Reducing Diet Digestibility And Increasing Pen Cleaning Frequency: Effects On Nitrogen Losses And Compost Nitrogen Recovery, Travis B. Farran, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A finishing trial evaluated effects of diet and management on N losses from open feedlots and compost N recovery. Steer calves were fed in 12 pens from November to May. Nitrogen losses from pens were compared by feeding corn bran (30% diet DM) designed to increase OM excretion and by increasing pen cleaning frequency in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Pens were either cleaned monthly or once at the end of the feeding period. Corn bran negatively affected feed/gain by 8.1% and reduced ADG by 4.4%. Dietary treatment and pen cleaning frequency interacted for N balance in the feedlot. …
Physical And Chemical Properties Of 39 Muscles From The Beef Chuck And Round, Drew D. Von Seggern, Chris R. Calkins
Physical And Chemical Properties Of 39 Muscles From The Beef Chuck And Round, Drew D. Von Seggern, Chris R. Calkins
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Twenty-seven and 12 muscles, respectively, from the chuck and round were analyzed for objective color, expressible moisture, emulsion capacity, pH, total collagen content total heme-iron content, and proximate composition. Observations of these physical and chemical properties showed a vast range of results. The range in data reveal the variation within and among muscles. Knowledge of this variation can lead to proper usage, thereby increasing value of the beef chuck and round. Quality grade had the most pronounced effects, whereas yield grade and weight showed fewer effects on these traits across all 39 muscles.
Packaging Effects On Shelf-Life And Sensory Traits Of Enhanced Beef, Chris R. Calkins, Mike L. Buford
Packaging Effects On Shelf-Life And Sensory Traits Of Enhanced Beef, Chris R. Calkins, Mike L. Buford
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Beef strip loins and top sirloins were enhanced and steaks were stored in one of three packaging systems: high-oxygen barrier trays, low-oxygen peelable trays, or vacuum packages. After dark storage for 8 or 15 days, simulating distribution time, steaks were displayed up to 3 days in a retail case. Steak discoloration and sensory traits were rated. Extended dark storage and retail display were detrimental to flavor and color. In this study, the best packaging systems were those that minimized opportunities for oxidation — vacuum packaging and, as long as dark storage was limited to eight days, high oxygen packaging.