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Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Appreciation is expressed to the following firms, associations, or agencies who provided grant support for research in the beef cattle program:
Abengoa Bionergy Corp., York, Neb.
Beef Board, Centennial, Colo.
Bioniche Lifes Services, Belleville, Ontario, Canada
Cargill Corn Milling, Blair, Neb.
CRINA, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, N. J.
Dakota Gold, Sioux Falls, S. Dak.
Elanco Animal Health, Indianapolis, Ind.
Golden Harvest Seeds, Waterloo, Neb.
Intervet, Millsboro, Del.
J.C. Robinson Seed Co., Waterloo, Neb.
Montana State University, Boseman, Mon.
National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Centennial, Colo.
Nebraska Beef Council, Kearney, Neb.
Nebraska Cattlemen, Inc., Lincoln, Neb.
Nebraska Corn Board, Lincoln, Neb. …
Utilization Of Dried Distillers Grains For Developing Beef Heifers, Jeremy L. Martin, Andrea S. Cupp, Richard J. Rasby, Karl V. Moline, Jeffrey W. Bergman, Mark Dragastin, Richard N. Funston
Utilization Of Dried Distillers Grains For Developing Beef Heifers, Jeremy L. Martin, Andrea S. Cupp, Richard J. Rasby, Karl V. Moline, Jeffrey W. Bergman, Mark Dragastin, Richard N. Funston
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A two-year study evaluated feeding dried distillers grains (DDG) during heifer development on growth and reproductive performance. Supplements provided similar CP, energy, lipid, and fatty acids. Protein degradability of the supplements differed such that undegradable intake protein exceeded requirements of DDG heifers. Heifer pubertal development, artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rate, and overall pregnancy rate were not affected by supplement. However, AI conception rate and AI pregnancy rate were improved by feeding DDG in the heifer development diet.
Progestin Concentrations Alter Follicle Characteristics And May Affect Quality Of Oocytes (Eggs), Bayli J. Slepicka, Jeremy L. Martin, Robin Ten Broeck, Michelle M. Baltes, Debra T. Clopton, Zachary C. Hall, Natalie C. Hart, Shantille G. Kruse, Robyn A. Longfellow, Jocelyn R. Wiarda, Karl V. Moline, Jeffrey W. Bergman, Robert A. Cushman, Brett R. White, Andrea S. Cupp
Progestin Concentrations Alter Follicle Characteristics And May Affect Quality Of Oocytes (Eggs), Bayli J. Slepicka, Jeremy L. Martin, Robin Ten Broeck, Michelle M. Baltes, Debra T. Clopton, Zachary C. Hall, Natalie C. Hart, Shantille G. Kruse, Robyn A. Longfellow, Jocelyn R. Wiarda, Karl V. Moline, Jeffrey W. Bergman, Robert A. Cushman, Brett R. White, Andrea S. Cupp
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Cows were treated with two progestin concentrations to develop ovulatory follicles exposed to different hormone environments. Cows were assigned to Control Group receiving a CIDR for 7 days (4-6 ng/ml of progestin), or to MGA-14 Group receiving 5mg/head/day of MGA for 14 days (< 1 ng of progestin). Our hypothesis was that the MGA-14 treatment would develop larger, persistent follicles with less granulosa cells per follicle volume and may have altered gene expression profiles in oocytes and granulosa cells. Cows in the MGA-14 treatment had larger follicles and less granulosa cells per volume than controls, suggesting that their development mimicked persistent follicles and may be of poorer quality.
Summary Analysis Of Grazing Yearling Response To Distillers Grains, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Lyle Lomas, Dale Blasi, Marc Epp, Don C. Adams, Walter H. Schacht, Sarah Morris, Kristin Gustad, Matthew A. Greenquist, James C. Macdonald, Richard N. Funston
Summary Analysis Of Grazing Yearling Response To Distillers Grains, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Lyle Lomas, Dale Blasi, Marc Epp, Don C. Adams, Walter H. Schacht, Sarah Morris, Kristin Gustad, Matthew A. Greenquist, James C. Macdonald, Richard N. Funston
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Eight grazing experiments were summarized reflecting yearling performance when supplemented with 4.0 or 7.5 lb distillers grains. Daily gains were increased 0.53 and 0.89 lb/day. Subsequent feedlot performance was not influenced by distillers grains supplementation on grass. In a six-trial summary, each 1.0 lb of distillers grains decreased forage intake by 0.5 lb. Economic return for each $1.00 spent on distillers grains yielded returns from $1.41 to $1.94.
Comparing A Modified Dry By-Product To Dry Distillers Grains With Solubles In Growing Calf Diets, Crystal D. Buckner, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Kip K. Karges, Matthew L. Gibson
Comparing A Modified Dry By-Product To Dry Distillers Grains With Solubles In Growing Calf Diets, Crystal D. Buckner, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Kip K. Karges, Matthew L. Gibson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A growing trial was conducted to contrast a new by-product, Dakota Bran Cake (DBRAN), against dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and evaluate the two by-products at two dietary inclusion levels on steer calf performance measurements. Diet treatments included 15% DBRAN, 30% DBRAN, 15% DDGS, and 30% DDGS, replacing a blend (70:30 ratio) of brome grass hay and alfalfa haylage (DM basis). Final BW, ADG, and DMI increased, while F:G decreased as the inclusion level for both of these by-products increased from 15 to 30% DM. DDGS significantly improved ADG and F:G compared to feeding DBRAN at both inclusion levels. …
Replacement Of Forage With Dried Distillers Grains Reduces Ruminal Methane Production, Eric J. Behlke, Tim Sanderson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jess L. Miner
Replacement Of Forage With Dried Distillers Grains Reduces Ruminal Methane Production, Eric J. Behlke, Tim Sanderson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jess L. Miner
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Our objective was to determine how replacing forage with dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) affects ruminal methane production. Methane produced by lambs and ruminal cultures was quantified following the substitution of brome hay with DDGS. In vitro and in vivo methane production is reduced when brome hay is replaced with DDGS. A reduction in methane production in vitro is not associated with a reduction in energy produced in the form of volatile fatty acids or dry matter disappearance. Decreased ruminal methane production would increase the retention of gross feed energy and may explain the increase in ADG realized when …
Dried Distillers Grains As Creep Feed For Yearling Beef Cattle Grazing Sandhill Range, Richard N. Funston, Don C. Adams, Matt Stockton, Roger K. Wilson, Rex Davis, James R. Teichert
Dried Distillers Grains As Creep Feed For Yearling Beef Cattle Grazing Sandhill Range, Richard N. Funston, Don C. Adams, Matt Stockton, Roger K. Wilson, Rex Davis, James R. Teichert
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Seventy-nine crossbred summer and fall-born steers and heifers were stratified by weight, calving group, and sex and assigned to treatment or control. Yearlings in the treatment group (TRT; n = 40) grazed native summer Sandhill range and had access to ad libitum dried distillers grains (DDG) pellet in a creep feeder for 54 days of a 63-day grazing period. Control (CON; n = 39) yearlings grazed in an adjacent pasture without DDG. Immediately after the grazing period, yearlings were placed in a feedlot and fed to a similar backfat endpoint. Individual forage and DDG intake estimates and animal ADG and …
Effect Of Feeding A By-Product Combination At Two Levels Or By-Product Alone In Feedlot Diets, Crystal D. Buckner, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock, Kyle J. Vander Pol
Effect Of Feeding A By-Product Combination At Two Levels Or By-Product Alone In Feedlot Diets, Crystal D. Buckner, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock, Kyle J. Vander Pol
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A finishing cattle study was conducted to evaluate feeding a by-product combination at two inclusion levels, compared with these by-products fed alone, or a corn-based diet without by-products. Treatments consisted of 0% by-products, 30% WCGF (wet corn gluten feed), 15% WCGF with 15% WDGS (wet distillers grains with solubles), 30% WDGS, and 30% WCGF with 30% WDGS (DM basis). Final BW, ADG, and F:G were improved for cattle fed by-products, including the 60% Blend. No associative effects resulted from feeding WCGF and WDGS in a blend compared to these by-products fed alone. Feed conversion was similar for feeding a by-product …
Effects Of Different Inclusion Levels Of Wet Distiller Grains In Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Pablo L. Loza, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock
Effects Of Different Inclusion Levels Of Wet Distiller Grains In Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Pablo L. Loza, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A finishing trial was conducted to determine the optimum level of inclusion of distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS; Abengoa, York, Neb.) in diets containing 30% wet corn gluten feed (WCGF, Sweet Bran®, Cargill, Blair Neb.) Six WDGS inclusion levels (0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30%DM) were compared with a dry rolled corn (DRC)/high moisture corn (HMC)-based diet. The inclusion of 30% Sweet Bran® in the diets improved DMI, ADG and feed conversion when compared to a corn-based diet. DMI tended to respond quadratically to WDGS inclusion level, ADG responded quadratically, while F/G was not affected by WDGS level. Diets containing …
Effects Of Roughage Source And Level With The Inclusion Of Wet Distillers Grains On Finishing Cattle Performance And Economics, Joshua R. Benton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist
Effects Of Roughage Source And Level With The Inclusion Of Wet Distillers Grains On Finishing Cattle Performance And Economics, Joshua R. Benton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A finishing trial was conducted to evaluate roughage source and level compared to no roughage inclusion in finishing diets containing 30% (DM basis) wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). Roughage sources included alfalfa hay, corn silage, or corn stalks fed at either a low (4% alfalfa hay) or high (8% alfalfa hay) level and sources were included on an equal NDF basis. In general, higher roughage levels increased DMI, ADG, and profit. However, steers fed 3% corn stalks performed similarly to steers fed high levels of roughage. When roughage was eliminated from the diet, DMI, ADG, and profit were decreased …
Effect Of Corn Processing And Wet Distillers Grains Inclusion Level In Finishing Diets, Mark E. Corrigan, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, Matt K. Luebbe
Effect Of Corn Processing And Wet Distillers Grains Inclusion Level In Finishing Diets, Mark E. Corrigan, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, Matt K. Luebbe
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Dry-rolled corn (DRC), high-moisture corn (HMC), or steam-flaked corn (SFC) was replaced with increasing levels of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS; 0, 15, 27.5, 40% DM) to determine if an interaction exists between corn processing method and WDGS level in finishing steer diets. Optimal feedlot performance was observed with 40%, 27.5%, and 15% WDGS in DRC, HMC, and SFC based diets, respectively. Fat thickness, DMI, and marbling score responded quadratically to WDGS level and incidence of liver abscess decreased linearly with increasing WDGS levels. In conclusion, a greater response to WDGS level was observed with less intensely processed corn.
Optimum Levels Of Dry Distillers Grains With Solubles For Finishing Beef Steers, Crystal D. Buckner, Galen E. Erickson, Terry L. Mader, Sheryl L. Colgan, Kip K. Karges, Matthew L. Gibson
Optimum Levels Of Dry Distillers Grains With Solubles For Finishing Beef Steers, Crystal D. Buckner, Galen E. Erickson, Terry L. Mader, Sheryl L. Colgan, Kip K. Karges, Matthew L. Gibson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A feedlot study was conducted to evaluate increasing levels of dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in corn-based diets on steer performance. Treatments consisted of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (DM basis) DDGS dietary inclusion. Quadratic trends were observed for final BW and ADG with increasing levels of DDGS and 20% inclusion being the most improved. DMI was not changed with DDGS treatment level, while F:G was numerically optimum for 20% inclusion, although all DDGS levels had improved F:G compared to the 0% treatment. No differences in carcass characteristics were observed. Energy value of DDGS at 10 to …
Pen Density And Straw Bedding During Feedlot Finishing, Terry L. Mader, Sheryl L. Colgan
Pen Density And Straw Bedding During Feedlot Finishing, Terry L. Mader, Sheryl L. Colgan
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two experiments evaluated effects of straw bedding (in sheltered and unsheltered facilities) and pen density (in unsheltered facilities) on cattle performance during winter/spring (mid-December to late March) seasons. Bedding had no effect on overall performance in the sheltered facilities, but performance improvements were noted from December through February in unsheltered facilities. Lowering pen density(increasing pen space per animal) improved performance and lowered mud condition scores on the animal and in the feedlot.
Feedlot Surface Conditions And Ammonia Emissions, Dawn M. Sherwood, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dennis D. Schulte, Richard R. Stowell
Feedlot Surface Conditions And Ammonia Emissions, Dawn M. Sherwood, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dennis D. Schulte, Richard R. Stowell
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Moisture and urine were applied to a feedlot surface in a 2x2 factorial design. Forced-air wind tunnels were used to determine differences in the net flux of ammonia (NH3) being volatilized. Surface DM, pH and surface temperature were all analyzed within each treatment to determine effect on NH3 net flux. No effects of urine were detected. There were differences detected due to moisture and moisture*time with the dry plots releasing significantly more NH3.
Effect Of Phase Feeding Protein On Cattle Performance And Nitrogen Mass Balance In Open Feedlots, Stephanie A. Quinn, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Richard R. Stowell, Dawn M. Sherwood
Effect Of Phase Feeding Protein On Cattle Performance And Nitrogen Mass Balance In Open Feedlots, Stephanie A. Quinn, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Richard R. Stowell, Dawn M. Sherwood
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Two experiments using calves fed 176 days from November to May (WINTER) and yearlings fed 117 days from May to September (SUMMER) were conducted to compare conventional CP levels to phase-fed diets balanced for degradable intake protein and undegradable intake protein on performance and N volatilization. Phase fed diets were formulated to balance degradable intake protein and metabolizable protein. Phase feeding resulted in greater ADG and better F:G in WINTER and similar performance in SUMMER than traditional feeding methods. Nitrogen excretion was significantly reduced in both WINTER and SUMMER which translated into significantly less N volatilization without impacting N removed …
Changes In Gain Through The Feeding Period, James C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Kyle Vander Pol
Changes In Gain Through The Feeding Period, James C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Kyle Vander Pol
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Three years of research trials were compiled to determine how weight gain changes throughout the feeding period. Results suggest that body weight and carcass weight increase linearly through the feeding period. While daily gain decreases on a body weight basis, it remains constant on a carcass basis suggesting that nearly all of the weight gain is transferred to the carcass at the end of the feeding period.
Performance Profile And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers Fed Optaflexx, Matthew A. Greenquist, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, William J. Platter, Michael T. Van Koevering
Performance Profile And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers Fed Optaflexx, Matthew A. Greenquist, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, William J. Platter, Michael T. Van Koevering
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
An experiment evaluated the live BW response of steers being fed Optaflexx for various durations. The design consisted of two Optaflexx levels (0 vs. 200 mg per steer daily) and two Optaflexx feeding durations (28 or 42 days immediately prior to slaughter). However, Optaflexx was started on the same day (day 151 of the feeding period). Feeding 200 mg/steer daily of Optaflexx significantly (P<0.01) improved final BW, ADG, and F:G compared to controls. Feeding 200 mg /steer daily of Optaflexx provided 16.4 and 18.8 lb of added BW above controls for the 28 and 42 feeding duration, respectively, but most (approximately 87%) of this weight gain was within the first 28 days of the time that Optaflexx was fed.
Evaluation Of Excede® Given At Either Initial Processing Or Revaccination On Bovine Respiratory Disease And Pasture Vs. Feedlot Receiving Systems, Virgil R. Bremer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, David R. Smith, Dee Griffin, Gary E. Sides, Lonty Bryant
Evaluation Of Excede® Given At Either Initial Processing Or Revaccination On Bovine Respiratory Disease And Pasture Vs. Feedlot Receiving Systems, Virgil R. Bremer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, David R. Smith, Dee Griffin, Gary E. Sides, Lonty Bryant
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
An experiment (Exp. 1) was conducted to determine the effect of Excede® at arrival or at revaccination on morbidity, mortality, and gain in both feedlot and pasture receiving systems. A second experiment (Exp. 2) was conducted to determine the effect of feedlot and pasture receiving systems on animal health. In Exp. 1, no treatment differences were observed for initial or final BW, or ADG. In Exp. 1, initial BW, treatment, receiving system (pasture or feedlot); and buyer of cattle explained the cumulative incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The incidence of BRD in this study was 4.7%, 11.0%, and 13.8% …
Evaluation Of Synovex Choice Versus Revalor Implant Strategies In Beef Finishing Steers, Pablo L. Loza, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Bill Dicke, Robert J. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, J. Drouillard, Court Campbell
Evaluation Of Synovex Choice Versus Revalor Implant Strategies In Beef Finishing Steers, Pablo L. Loza, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Bill Dicke, Robert J. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, J. Drouillard, Court Campbell
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A commercial feedlot experiment was performed with the objective to compare a Synovex-Choice/ Synovex-Choice (Choice) implant strategy to a Revalor-IS/Revalor-S (Revalor) strategy on finishing steer performance and carcass characteristics. DMI did not differ between treatments). When calculated from carcass adjusted FW, ADG was not significantly different between Choice and Revalor implant strategies. Consequently, F/G was not significantly different when the Choice strategy was compared with Revalor strategy. No differences were observed for marbling scores or calculated yield grade) due to treatment. Based on carcass-adjusted performance, significant differences do not exist in performance between the two implant strategies.
Effect Of Crina Ruminants Af, A Mixture Of Essential Oil Compounds, On Finishing Beef Steer Performance, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matthew A. Greenquist, Peter Willams, Ricardo Losa
Effect Of Crina Ruminants Af, A Mixture Of Essential Oil Compounds, On Finishing Beef Steer Performance, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matthew A. Greenquist, Peter Willams, Ricardo Losa
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Three-hundred seventy six crossbred yearling steers were fed one of four treatments: 1) Control (CON) 2) CRINA RUMINANTS AF (CRINA) 3) CRINA RUMINANTS AF plus Tylan® (CRINA + T), and 4) Rumensin® plus Tylan® (RUM + T) to determine the potential of an essential oil additive to improve steer growth performance and carcass characteristics. There were no differences in Final BW or ADG between treatments. Steers fed RUM + T had lower DMI than other treatments and F:G was improved for the CRINA + T and RUM + T fed steers compared with CON steers. Treatments containing Tylan® had significantly …
Effect Of Crina Ruminants Af, A Mixture Of Essential Oil Compounds, On Ruminal Fermentation And Digestibility, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Peter Willams, Riccardo Losa
Effect Of Crina Ruminants Af, A Mixture Of Essential Oil Compounds, On Ruminal Fermentation And Digestibility, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Peter Willams, Riccardo Losa
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Eight ruminally fistulated steers were used in a metabolism experiment to determine effects of an essential oil feed additive in altering steer ruminal fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibilities. Yearling steers were fed three treatments: 1) Control (CON) 2) CRINA RUMINANTS AF (CRINA) and 3) Rumensin® (RUM). There were no differences in DMI, OM intake, total tract DM and OM digestibilities, or pH among treatments. Steers receiving the CRINA treatment consumed 24.5% fewer meals than CON. Ruminal acetate was greatest and total VFA concentrations tended to be greatest for CRINA treatment. Acetate:propionate was 1.68, 1.49, and 1.43 for CON, CRINA, and …
Feeding Potassium Bicarbonate And Sodium Chloride In Finishing Diets, Sheryl Colgan, Terry L. Mader
Feeding Potassium Bicarbonate And Sodium Chloride In Finishing Diets, Sheryl Colgan, Terry L. Mader
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Angus crossbred yearling steers (n = 180) were used to evaluate effects of feeding additional potassium and sodium on performance and tympanic temperature of steers under heat stress and seasonal summer conditions. Steers were assigned one of four treatments: 1) control; 2) potassium (diet containing 2.10% KHCO3); 3) sodium (diet containing 1.10% NaCl); or 4) potassium and sodium (diet containing 2.10% KHCO3 and 1.10% NaCl). Daily water intake was increased and dry matter intake to daily water intake ratio was decreased for cattle fed potassium and potassium and sodium rations. Tympanic temperatures did not differ among dietary …
Effect Of Feeding Das-59122-7 Corn Grain And Non-Transgenic Corn Grain To Finishing Feedlot Steers, Taia J. Huls, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Kyle J. Vander Pol, David W. Rice, Brenda Smith, Mark Hinds, Fred Owens, Matthias Leibergesell
Effect Of Feeding Das-59122-7 Corn Grain And Non-Transgenic Corn Grain To Finishing Feedlot Steers, Taia J. Huls, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Kyle J. Vander Pol, David W. Rice, Brenda Smith, Mark Hinds, Fred Owens, Matthias Leibergesell
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Sixty crossbred steers were individually fed either corn genetically modified for corn rootworm protection (Das-59122-7), a conventional non-transgenic corn hybrid, or a near isoline control for 109 days to evaluate nutritional equivalency. The corn was coarsely rolled (geometric mean diameter = 4,200 microns) and treatments offered in the finishing diet at 82% of diet (DM basis). Dry matter intakes, ADG, and F:G were similar among all three corn hybrids. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences among treatments. The genetically modified corn DAS-59122-7 was nutritionally equivalent to a conventional corn hybrid and a near isoline control when fed to finishing steers. …
Identification Of Off-Flavor Compounds In Beef Round And Chuck Muscles, Jennie M. Hodgen, Susan L. Cuppett, Chris R. Calkins
Identification Of Off-Flavor Compounds In Beef Round And Chuck Muscles, Jennie M. Hodgen, Susan L. Cuppett, Chris R. Calkins
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Volatile off-flavor compounds are present in beef. Using purge and trap gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, some volatile compounds were shown to have different concentrations in normal-flavored beef, compared to samples with liver-like off-flavor. Most of the compounds, like pentanol, hexanal, hexanol, 1–octen–3–ol, and nonanol, are associated with lipid oxidation. The compounds, β-pinene and 1-octen-3-ol were in higher concentration in the liver-like samples in all muscles tested. Several, small, unidentified peaks also differed between samples. Determination of the possible origins of these compounds may improve the quality and consistency of beef products.
Fatty Acids And Minerals Affect The Liver-Like Off-Flavor In Cooked Beef, Blaine E. Jenschke, Jennie M. Hodgen, Chris R. Calkins
Fatty Acids And Minerals Affect The Liver-Like Off-Flavor In Cooked Beef, Blaine E. Jenschke, Jennie M. Hodgen, Chris R. Calkins
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Sixty knuckle centers were obtained from a local harvesting facility to determine factors causing the liver-like off-flavor in beef. Medium chain unsaturated fatty acids and sodium explain 46% of the variation of the liver-like off-flavor intensity ratings in cooked knuckle center steaks. Future studies to manipulate the fatty acid and mineral profiles of muscle might prove beneficial in lowering the incidence of the liver-like off-flavor in beef.
Masking Off-Flavors In Ground Beef, Donald A. Moss, Chris R. Calkins
Masking Off-Flavors In Ground Beef, Donald A. Moss, Chris R. Calkins
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Ground beef derived from fed (high energy diet for at least 60 days) and non-fed cows was combined with one of five commercial bitter blockers to determine if off-flavors could be masked. Off-flavor scores were generally low; no significant treatment effects were observed. Trained panelists more frequently noted sour, fatty, rancid and liver-like off-flavors in non-fed cow beef (and metallic flavors in fed cow beef). Consumers found no differences in flavor notes. Bitter blockers did not affect flavor perception. The greatest differences were between fed and non-fed cow beef.
Enhancement Of Beef Chuck And Round Muscles With Ammonium Hydroxide, Adam E. Hamling, Chris R. Calkins
Enhancement Of Beef Chuck And Round Muscles With Ammonium Hydroxide, Adam E. Hamling, Chris R. Calkins
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
By increasing muscle pH with ammonium hydroxide, shear force values of triceps brachii, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris were decreased and sensory scores for tenderness improved with higher levels of added solution. Any level of treatment was beneficial. In all cases, there were no shear force differences between steaks pumped to 15% and 22.5%. Ultimate pH was strongly related to shear force values. These data suggest adjusting pH in beef with 20% of a solution of ammonium hydroxide can increase tenderness in beef chuck and round muscles.
Hyperspectral Imaging: A Non-Invasive Technique To Predict Beef Tenderness, Lauren Grimes, Govindarajan Konda Naganathan, Jeyamkondan Subbiah, Chris R. Calkins
Hyperspectral Imaging: A Non-Invasive Technique To Predict Beef Tenderness, Lauren Grimes, Govindarajan Konda Naganathan, Jeyamkondan Subbiah, Chris R. Calkins
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A hyperspectral imaging apparatus was developed and assembled to predict 14 d tenderness of beef steaks. USDA Choice and Select grade longissimus steaks (n=111) from between the 12th and 13th ribs were frozen at 14 days post-mortem, cut to 1-inch thickness, and thawed overnight for scanning, cooking, and obtaining slice shear force data. The model predicted three tenderness categories with 96.4% accuracy, correctly classifying 93 tender, nine intermediate and all five tough samples. One tender sample was misclassified as intermediate, and three intermediate samples were misclassified as tender. This hyperspectral imaging system was effective in predicting beef tenderness.
Evaluating Use Of Urinary Purine Derivative To Creatinine Ratio As An Estimate Of Microbial Protein Production In Steers, Grant Crawford, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Evaluating Use Of Urinary Purine Derivative To Creatinine Ratio As An Estimate Of Microbial Protein Production In Steers, Grant Crawford, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Six ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were fed three diets varying in source and concentration of dietary protein to determine impacts on ruminal metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and microbial crude protein (MCP) production as estimated by urinary purine derivative:creatinine (PD:C) ratio. Steers were fed a steam-flaked corn (SFC)-based diet with or without 1.5% urea, or a corn milling byproduct-based diet. Feeding a corn milling by-product-based diet resulted in greater ruminal pH and less time below ruminal pH 5.6, total tract OM digestibility, and ruminal propionate concentration when compared with either SFC-based treatment. The by-product-based treatment produced greater PD:C and MCP production …
Comparison Of In Vivo Digestibility To In Vitro Digestibility Of Five Forages Fed To Steers, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, James C. Macdonald
Comparison Of In Vivo Digestibility To In Vitro Digestibility Of Five Forages Fed To Steers, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, James C. Macdonald
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Eight crossbred yearling steers were used in a Latin rectangle design to determine the in vivo digestibility of five different forages. Feed intakes were higher when steers were fed forages with higher IVDMD. In vivo digestibility of the hay used in this trial was highly correlated to in vitro digestibility. On average, in vitro DMD was 5.4 percentage units higher than in vivo digestibility. Including these five hay samples as standards for in vitro analysis allows researchers to compare samples analyzed across in vitro runs. It also allows researchers to adjust the in vitro DMD to in vivo DMD, which …