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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Lysine Requirements For Feedlot Cattle, Mark Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis, Rick Stock
Lysine Requirements For Feedlot Cattle, Mark Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis, Rick Stock
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Feedlot diets low in ruininal escape protein may be deficient in metabolizable lysine, especially early in the feeding period. Addition of rumen-protected lysine can improve feedlot gain and efficiency.
Effects Of Supplementing High Levels Of Cu, Co, Mn, And Zn After Calving On Productivity Of Two-Year-Old Cows, Pete Olson, Dennis R. Brink, Mike Carlson, Dave Hickok, Norman Shcneider, Gene H. Deutscher, Dave Colburn
Effects Of Supplementing High Levels Of Cu, Co, Mn, And Zn After Calving On Productivity Of Two-Year-Old Cows, Pete Olson, Dennis R. Brink, Mike Carlson, Dave Hickok, Norman Shcneider, Gene H. Deutscher, Dave Colburn
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
When cow management, health and nutrition are adequate. supplementation of trace minerals at high levels is not beneficial and may in fact be detrimental to reproductive performance.
Estimating In Situ Degradability Of Protein In Forages, Ryan Mass, Greg Lardy, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Estimating In Situ Degradability Of Protein In Forages, Ryan Mass, Greg Lardy, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
In situ neutral detergent fiber nitrogen is an effective method of estimating undergraded intake protein in forages. The information obtained allows for more accurate protein formulation of ruminant diets.
Effects Of Feeding Level And Diet Energy Density On Cattle Exposed To Heat, Terry L. Mader, Bruce Young, John Gaughan
Effects Of Feeding Level And Diet Energy Density On Cattle Exposed To Heat, Terry L. Mader, Bruce Young, John Gaughan
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Under hot environment conditions, individually fed steers maintained lower body temperatures and grater intakes when limit fed when compared to steers fed the same diet ad libitum.
Mutants Of Prevotella RuminicolaDefective In Peptidase Activity: Impact On Ammonia Production, Humberto Madeira, Lasha Peng, Mark Morrison
Mutants Of Prevotella RuminicolaDefective In Peptidase Activity: Impact On Ammonia Production, Humberto Madeira, Lasha Peng, Mark Morrison
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
An enzyme from a predominant ruminal bacterium that degrades peptides has a significant impact on ammonia production, and its manipulation could increase efficiency of nitrogen retention in forage- fed animals.
Ammonia (Npn) Utilization By Prevotella Ruminicola Is Affected By The Availability Of Peptides, Zezhang Wen, Mark Morrison
Ammonia (Npn) Utilization By Prevotella Ruminicola Is Affected By The Availability Of Peptides, Zezhang Wen, Mark Morrison
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Ammonia (NPN) utilization by a predominant ruminal bacterium is rapidly decreased, once peptides are available in sufficient quantities.
1996 Beef Cattle Report
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Contents:
Cow-Calf: Range or Meadow Regrowth Grazing and Weaning Effects on Two Year-Old Cows • Grazing: An Alternative to Haying Subirrigated Meadows in the Nebraska Sandhills • Multi-elemental Analysis of Sandhills Meadow Hay • Use of a Metabolizable Protein System to Predict Deficienciesin Diets of Cattle Grazing Sandhills Native Range and Subirrigated Meadow • Rumen Degradable Protein Requirements of Gestating Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Native Sandhills Range • Multi-elemental Analysis of Liver Biopsies and Serum to Determine Trace Element Status of Cows • Multi-elemental Analysis of Bovine Liver Biopsy and Whole Liver • The Incidence of Precocious Puberty in Developing …
Continuous Vs Rotational Stocking Of Warm-Season Grasses At Three Stocking Rates, Bruce Anderson, Mike Trammell, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Continuous Vs Rotational Stocking Of Warm-Season Grasses At Three Stocking Rates, Bruce Anderson, Mike Trammell, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Pastures containing big and little bluestem, indiangrass, sideoats gramu, and switchgrass were stocked with 2.1, 2.7, and 3.3 yearling steers/acre from June to August. Continuous stocking and six-paddock rotations were used. Grazing terminated early on most continuously stocked pastures due to low herbage mass. As stocking rate increased, ADG declined; continuous Stocking produced highest (1.6 lbs) and lowest(. 69 lbs) ADG. Gai1n/acre was unaffected by stocking rate using rotational stocking (224 lbs/acre) but declined,from 250 to 133 lbs/acre as stocking rate increased using continuous stocking. Continuous stocking caused big bluestem to replace little bluestem and indiangrass and caused a slight …
1997 Beef Cattle Report
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Table of Contents
Cow-Calf: Seasonal Changes in Protein Degradabilities of Sandhills Native Range and Subirrigated Meadow Diets and Application of a Metabolizable Protein System • First Limiting Nutrient of Native Range for Summer Calving Cows During the Breeding Season and Late Lactation • Rumen Degradable Protein Requirement of Gestating Summer Calving Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Native Sandhills Range • Supplemental Protein on Performance of Lactating Beef Heifers • Evaluation of Feather Meal for Cows Grazing Cornstalks • Effects of Supplementing High Levels of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn after Calving on Productivity of Two-Year-Old Cows • Effects of Copper and …
Effects Of Sire Epd, Dam Traits And Calf Traits On Calving Difficulty And Subsequent Reproduction Of Two-Year-Old Heifers, Dave Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Don C. Adams, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Pete Olson
Effects Of Sire Epd, Dam Traits And Calf Traits On Calving Difficulty And Subsequent Reproduction Of Two-Year-Old Heifers, Dave Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Don C. Adams, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Pete Olson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
A three-year study evaluated effects of sire birth weight EPD, heifer and calf traits on valuing difficulty and subsequent rebreeding of two-year-old cows. MARC II yearling heifers (n=550) were assigned for breeding to one of four angus sires with birth weight EPD of -2.1, -1.8, +6.3 and +5.9 lb. Of all heifer weights, only dam birth weight affected calving difficulty score. Heifers requiring caesareans had smallest pelvic areas. Calving difficulty increased as calf birth weight and external measurements increased. Low EPD sires produced calves with smaller head and foot circumferences and less dystocia. Degree of calving difficulty did not affect …
Effects Of Copper And Selenium Injections On Cow Productivity And Concentration Of Copper In Liver Biopsy Samples, Jerre Johnson, David Hickok, Pete Olson, Dennis R. Brink
Effects Of Copper And Selenium Injections On Cow Productivity And Concentration Of Copper In Liver Biopsy Samples, Jerre Johnson, David Hickok, Pete Olson, Dennis R. Brink
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
In the conditions of the study when additional copper and selenium were provided, cow reproduction and calf performance were not improved.
Seasonal Changes In Protein Degradabilities Of Sandhills Native Range And Subirrigated Meadow Diets And Application Of A Metabolizable Protein System, Greg Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dick Clark, Jim Lamb
Seasonal Changes In Protein Degradabilities Of Sandhills Native Range And Subirrigated Meadow Diets And Application Of A Metabolizable Protein System, Greg Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dick Clark, Jim Lamb
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Meadow and range diets increased in digestibility, crude protein. and escape protein during periods of active growth.
First Limiting Nutrient Of Native Range For Summer Calving Cows During The Breeding Season And Late Lactation, Greg Lardy, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Jim Lamb, Dick Clark
First Limiting Nutrient Of Native Range For Summer Calving Cows During The Breeding Season And Late Lactation, Greg Lardy, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Jim Lamb, Dick Clark
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Rumen degradable and escape protein are co-limiting for summer calving cows during the breeding season and late lactation.
Growth Implants For Steers, Terry L. Mader, James Dahlquist, Robert Botts
Growth Implants For Steers, Terry L. Mader, James Dahlquist, Robert Botts
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Trenbolone acetate (TBA), an implant (Finaplix®) with androgenic activity, stimulates growth and enhances feed efficiency much like implants with estrogenic activity (Ralgro®, Synovex®, Implus® and Compudose®). Because androgenic and estrogenic products tend to have different mechanisms of action, the combination of TBA and an estrogenic implant have been shown to be most beneficial. Revalor® S, a combination product containing 24 mg estradiol (E2) and 120 mg TBA. is an effective implant. particularly when used in feedlot steers 100 to 120 days before slaughter. Other products and combinations of TBA and estradiol may be just as effective. The objective of this …
Connective Tissueiacidic Phosphate Preblends In Low Fat, High Added-Water Frankfurters, Christi Calhoun, Scott Eilert, Roger W. Mandigo
Connective Tissueiacidic Phosphate Preblends In Low Fat, High Added-Water Frankfurters, Christi Calhoun, Scott Eilert, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Preblending modified beef connective tissue with an acidic phosphate has been shown to increase collagen solubility of the connective tissue. Increased collagen solubility may improve the textural properties and other characteristics of the final product to which the preblend is added. The objective of this research was to determine the effects on product quality of adding an acidic phosphate/ connective tissue preblend to low-fat, high added-water frankfurters. Product analyses included proximate composition, emulsion stability, yield, pH, collagen solubility, purge loss, color, objective texture and consumer acceptance. Preblending modified connective tissue with acidic phosphate provided few textural or yield advantages to …
Winter Temperatures May Affect Calf Birth Weights, Dave Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson
Winter Temperatures May Affect Calf Birth Weights, Dave Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Calving difficulty incurred by 2-year-old heifers is a major problem. Research has shown the basic cause is a disproportion between the calf size at birth (birth weight) and the heifer's birth canal (pelvic area). Several factors affect calf birth weight. including genetics of sire and dam, dam nutrition, calf sex and climatic conditions. Weather conditions may have a significant effect on calf birth weight. When a pregnant animal is exposed to cold temperatures, blood is concentrated internally to maintain its core body temperature. Therefore. during prolonged periods of cold weather, the fetus may receive more nutrition because more blood flows …
Mechanically Recovered Neck Bone Lean Alters Textural And Sensory Properties Of Ground Beef Patties, Brian Demos, Roger W. Mandigo
Mechanically Recovered Neck Bone Lean Alters Textural And Sensory Properties Of Ground Beef Patties, Brian Demos, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Beef neck bones are one part of a carcass that can yield a substantial quantity of lean trim. Typically, neck bones are trimmed by hand. This is a labor intensive process that can lead to high levels of ergonomic stress if performed for an extended period of time. This process can also be inefficient. leaving salvageable lean on the bone.
Mechanical systems that recover lean tissue from beef cervical vertebrae portions have been introduced. These systems allow rapid, efficient recovery of lean tissue by hydraulic pressure with minimal bone breakage. temperature rise or increase in calcium content. Lean tissue is …
Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Bovine Liver Biops And Whole Liver, David Hickok, Michael Carlson, Dennis R. Brink, Norm Schneider, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson
Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Bovine Liver Biops And Whole Liver, David Hickok, Michael Carlson, Dennis R. Brink, Norm Schneider, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Liver biopsies are used to assess trace element status of cattle for diagnostic and experimental purposes and generally provide better information than serum samples. Liver tissue collected at necropsy or slaughter is also used. The liver usually serves as the storage site for minerals. Serum concentrations may be maintained within adequate concentration ranges, at the sacrifice of liver mineral stores. If animals are receiving insufficient mineral, but have not yet depleted their liver stores enough to significantly lower the serum concentration, analysis of serum will be misleading. But analysis of liver biopsy samples may detect low liver trace element status. …
Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Sandhills Meadow Hay, David Hickok, Dennis Bauer, Dennis R. Brink, Michael Carlson, Norm Schneider
Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Sandhills Meadow Hay, David Hickok, Dennis Bauer, Dennis R. Brink, Michael Carlson, Norm Schneider
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Traditionally, ranches in the Sandhills of Nebraska feed meadow hay to cows during the winter. Trace element composition of meadow hay varies. To determine if, when and where trace element supplementation is necessary, it is important to characterize the trace element concentrations in the hay. If the variation in trace element content of hay among location and years can be predicted ranch managers and advisors may develop appropriate strategies for sampling hay and preventing trace element deficiencies. Our objective was to develop a data base of trace element content of meadow hay from various locations over two years. The data …
Grazing: An Alternative To Haying Subirrigated Meadows In The Nebraska Sandhills, Marc Horney, Don C. Adams, Walter H. Schacht, Steven S. Waller, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Grazing: An Alternative To Haying Subirrigated Meadows In The Nebraska Sandhills, Marc Horney, Don C. Adams, Walter H. Schacht, Steven S. Waller, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Subirrigated meadow in the Nebraska Sandhills are used extensively for hay production. Hay harvest takes place in late June through July, generally after the forage has reached full maturity. Crude protein content of this hay commonly falls in the range of 6 to 8%. This is below the nutritional requirement of lactating cows that are often fed this hay until the native range is ready for grazing in late May/early June. Harvesting hay at an earlier maturity would improve its nutritive value, but is not an option on some meadows because much of the surface remains saturated well into the …
Treated Meat And Bone Meal And Rumen Protected Methionine And Tryptophan For Growing Calves, Mark Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Treated Meat And Bone Meal And Rumen Protected Methionine And Tryptophan For Growing Calves, Mark Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
To optimize production in growing calves, escape protein is often supplemented to meet the animal's metabolizable protein requirement. Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a rendered animal byproduct often used as a source of escape protein. However, previous studies have shown a lower protein efficiency for MBM relative to blood meal. This has been attributed to the escape protein and/or amino acid composition of MBM being inadequate to the specific needs of the growing calf. Collagen, which can comprise a fraction of MBM protein, contains negligible amounts of the essential amino acids methionine and tryptophan.
Recent research has identified methionine …
Use Of A Metabolizable Protein System To Predict Deficiencies In Diets Of Cattle Grazing Sandhill Native Range And Subirrigated Meadow, Greg Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jim Lamb
Use Of A Metabolizable Protein System To Predict Deficiencies In Diets Of Cattle Grazing Sandhill Native Range And Subirrigated Meadow, Greg Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jim Lamb
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Many Sandhills ranches have two distinctly different forage resource bases: native upland range and subirrigated meadow. These two sites have different grass species composition and different plant growth characteristics. Familiarity with the nutritional composition of these sites is a valuable management tool for cattle producers in the Sandhills. The grazing animal has the ability to select a diet that is higher in nutritive value than would be obtained by analyzing clipped samples of the same pasture. The use of esophageally-fistulated animals to sample pastures gives the best estimate of the animal's diet.
A metabolizable protein system (NRC, 1985) expresses protein …
Composting - A Feedlot Waste Management Alternative, Gary Lesoing, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Daniel Duncan
Composting - A Feedlot Waste Management Alternative, Gary Lesoing, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Daniel Duncan
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Implementation of nitrogen management plans by Natural Resource Districts may require feedlots to evaluate the environmental soundness of their waste management plans. Composting may be a manure management system that can provide a method of using the nutrients in feedlot manure as a resource in an environmentally sound manner. Composting is an aerobic (oxygen requiring) decomposition of organic matters. such as manure, by microorganisms. Composting has been shown to provide many benefits. Moisture content and volume of composted feedlot manure are reduced 50% compared with raw feedlot manure. This improves handling and requires fewer trips to the field when applied …
Effect Of Sorghum And Cornstalk Grazing On Crop Production, Gary Lesoing, Mark A. Schroeder, Drew Shain, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James A. Gosey
Effect Of Sorghum And Cornstalk Grazing On Crop Production, Gary Lesoing, Mark A. Schroeder, Drew Shain, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James A. Gosey
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Crop residues remaining after harvest are an important feed resource for the cattle. While many of the 1.8 million head of beef cows and many calves in Nebraska graze harvested fields during the winter months, little information is available on the effect of grazing on subsequent residue cover or crop yields. Beginning in the fall of 1992, experiments were begun at several different sites on the Integrated Crop/ Livestock Farm at the Agricultural Research and Development Center to study the effect of cattle grazing crop residues on subsequent crop yields, residue cover, and soil compaction.
Manipulation Of Microbial Protein Degradation In The Rumen: Development Of The "Smugglin Concept" To Control Protein Digestion, Humberto Madeira, Mark Morrison
Manipulation Of Microbial Protein Degradation In The Rumen: Development Of The "Smugglin Concept" To Control Protein Digestion, Humberto Madeira, Mark Morrison
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
It has been estimated that as much as 25% of the protein fed to grazing and forage-fed animals is wasted due to its rapid degradation by the rumen microorganisms. Therefore. from an economic and environmental perspective, the nitrogen cycle of intensive livestock systems could be managed more effectively. Compounds such as ionophores can reduce ruminal ammonia production, but their anti-bacterial effects are too broad for its widespread use with grazing and forage-fed livestock. Another strategy to manipulate the activities of rumen bacteria responsible for protein degradation is the "smugglin concept". The "smugglin concept" involves the selective inhibition of microorganisms by …
Effect Of Energy Source And Escape Protein On Receiving And Finishing Performance And Health Of Calves, Rob Mccoy, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud, Gene White
Effect Of Energy Source And Escape Protein On Receiving And Finishing Performance And Health Of Calves, Rob Mccoy, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud, Gene White
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Large-frame calves are well suited to a production system in which finishing begins shortly after weaning. Compared with yearlings. calves are less mature and deposit more lean tissue relative to fat when placed in the feedlot. Therefore. the need for metabolizable protein is greater with calves.
Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) has been shown to be an excellent energy source in beef cattle diets. Compared with dry rolled corn (DRC), WCGF is higher in crude protein, but the escape protein value of WCGF is substantially lower (60 vs 20%). Previous research (1995 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 28- 30) showed supplemental …
Beef Production Systems From Weaning To Slaughter In Western Nebraska, Cynthia Morris, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt
Beef Production Systems From Weaning To Slaughter In Western Nebraska, Cynthia Morris, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Numerous alternatives exist for feeding and managing weaned medium-frame steers to slaughter. Efficiency of beef production includes the total growing and finishing period. Often economics of production only considers a single part of the production systems. As a consequence one segment of the industry may make decisions based on maximum profit while they own or manage an animal that may adversely effect the profit of a subsequent owner. possibly causing overall economic efficiency to be lowered. For example, cost per pound of gain is usually lower when calves are wintered at a relatively fast rate of gain and consequently feedlot …
Gelatinized High Added-Water Beef Connective Tissue Protein Gels As Potential Water Binders, Wesley N. Osburn, Roger W. Mandigo
Gelatinized High Added-Water Beef Connective Tissue Protein Gels As Potential Water Binders, Wesley N. Osburn, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Research in fat reduction of processed meats has recognized problems associated with removal of fat: toughness, rubbery texture, lack of flavor and juiciness, and a darker color. Regardless of the importance of diet and health issues to consumers, low-fat products will not be purchased if they have unacceptable palatability or appearance. Current technologies for fat replacement include the addition of water, protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or synthetic compounds, alone or in combination. The addition and retention of water by these fat replacers is effective in improving the palatability attributes of low-fat meat products. Beef connective tissue (BCT), a byproduct of desinewing operations, …
Cellulose Adherence Factors In Ruminococcus Albus, Randall Pegden, Mark Morrison
Cellulose Adherence Factors In Ruminococcus Albus, Randall Pegden, Mark Morrison
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Grazing and forage-fed animals depend upon the rumen microorganisms’ ability to breakdown polysaccharides present in the leaf and stems of plants. The rate and extent of this breakdown has a major impact on animal nutrition, therefore understanding the mechanics of this process offers the potential to optimize and further improve animal performance. The limited published studies to-date suggest that: 1) colonization and adherence by some rumen bacteria are specific in nature and: 2) adherence can be modified by nutrients and growth conditions, such as ruminal pH. Better understanding and future improvements of fiber digestion in the rumen will be afforded …
Evaluation Of Levels Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Addition Of Tallow, Chris Richards, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Evaluation Of Levels Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Addition Of Tallow, Chris Richards, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is a byproduct of the wet corn milling industry and contains 90 to 110% of the relative energy value of corn in finishing diets. Wet corn gluten feed (Cargill) contains higher levels of protein (20%). phosphorus (1.0%). and potassium (1.2%) than corn. Wet corn gluten feed is higher in lumen degradable (80 vs 40%) and lower in escape protein (20 vs 60%) when compared with corn. The lipid contents of WCGF and corn are similar, at 5%.
Wet distillers byproducts (wet grains and thin stillage) are byproducts of the dry milling industry and have been …