Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Dairy Science (153)
- Aquaculture and Fisheries (70)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (69)
- Beef Science (59)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (58)
-
- Environmental Sciences (47)
- Zoology (44)
- Biology (38)
- Natural Resources Management and Policy (30)
- Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology (30)
- Food Science (27)
- Ornithology (22)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (20)
- Agriculture (19)
- Natural Resources and Conservation (19)
- Other Animal Sciences (17)
- Poultry or Avian Science (17)
- Microbiology (14)
- Physiology (13)
- Veterinary Medicine (11)
- Biodiversity (10)
- Earth Sciences (9)
- Population Biology (9)
- Meat Science (8)
- Paleontology (8)
- Sheep and Goat Science (8)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (8)
- Behavior and Ethology (7)
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Cattle (10)
- Growth performance (10)
- South Dakota (9)
- Beef (8)
- Ecology (6)
-
- Walleye (6)
- Aquaculture (5)
- Conservation (5)
- Dairy (5)
- Digestibility (5)
- Growth (5)
- Nutrition (5)
- Bison (4)
- Dairy cow (4)
- Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (4)
- Pig (4)
- Reproduction (4)
- Sequencing (4)
- Starch (4)
- Swine (4)
- Backgrounding (3)
- Behavior (3)
- Bighorn sheep (3)
- Carinata meal (3)
- Corn (3)
- Dairy heifer (3)
- Enzymes (3)
- Essential oils (3)
- Estradiol (3)
- Feedlot (3)
Articles 361 - 390 of 502
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Soybean Meal, Sunflower Meal, And Meat And Bone Meal For Egg Production, Smart M. Oruseibio
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Soybean Meal, Sunflower Meal, And Meat And Bone Meal For Egg Production, Smart M. Oruseibio
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two experiments were conducted over a period of two years to evaluate the comparative nutritive value of soybean meal, sunflower meal, and meat and bone meal. Experiment 1 consisted of 864 Babcock--3OO pullets randomly distributed into twelve diet treatments. Each treatment was replicated six-times with twelve birds per unit. Layers diets were formulated at 16, 14, and 12% protein levels with and without amino acid supplementation. The 12% amino acid supplemented level served as the control in the experiment. Soybean meal, sum-lower meal, and eat_ and bone meal were utilized as major sources of protein supplement in yellow-corn based diets. …
Effects Of Partial Homogenization Of Milk On Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese, Anand Rao
Effects Of Partial Homogenization Of Milk On Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese, Anand Rao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the past decade, the cheese industry in the United States (US) has grown rapidly, with cheese sales increasing by 33% (36). The cheese industry, in 1983, utilized 29.2% of total US milkfat supply as compared to 20.3% utilization in 1973 (36). Compared to the total cheese production of 2,059,2Z8 kg (4,539,822 lb) in 1982, 2,185,611 kg (4,818,449 lb) of cheese were manufactured in 1983 in the .US (36). The increased production of cheese was made possible by modifications in the cheese making process and advent of modern equipment; and it was fostered by increased demand .and higher prices. One …
Evaluation Of Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese Manufactured From Milk With Added Whey Protein Concentrate, Kirk Alan Baldwin
Evaluation Of Yield And Quality Of Cheddar Cheese Manufactured From Milk With Added Whey Protein Concentrate, Kirk Alan Baldwin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Large quantities of whey are produced as a by-product from the manufacture of cheese or casein. The United States has an annual cheese production of about 2.2 billion kg. The cheese industry has also experienced a steady increase in cheese production of about 6% a year (44). In the process, nearly 18.1 billion kg of whey are produced. Whey was once a discarded product of little value to the cheese producers. With the advent of laws and regulations governing the disposal of whey, whey became a problem that had few solutions. Even today, with the high cost of disposal and …
Identification Of Volatile Compounds Produced By Brevibacterium Linens That Inhibit Molds, Samuel E. Beattie
Identification Of Volatile Compounds Produced By Brevibacterium Linens That Inhibit Molds, Samuel E. Beattie
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mold contamination of processed food and its raw ingredients is a major concern in agriculture. Although at one time mold contamination of cheese and other foods was considered to be of little conse9uence, discovery of carcinogenic and/or teratogenic toxins (73) produced by molds commonly associated with food has changed this innocuous and frequent inconvenience into a serious health consideration. The presence of mold on or in cheese is a common occurrence, indeed, many cheeses depend upon molds to provide characteristic cheese flavor and texture. Cheeses such as blue, Roquefort, Camembert, and Brie are ripened under controlled conditions by species of …
The Manufacture Of Cheddar Cheese Using Vacuum Concentrated Milks, Charles A. Bemis
The Manufacture Of Cheddar Cheese Using Vacuum Concentrated Milks, Charles A. Bemis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The United States (US) cheese industry has grown rapidly in the past decade. From 1971 to 1981, milk fat utilization for cheese manufacture increased from 17.7 to 27.6% of the total US milk fat supply, accompanied by a 49% increase in sales of cheese per capita (34). Offsetting substantial increases in sales and prices for cheeses, there have been marked increases in the cost of labor, energy, waste treatment, raw materials, and equipment. Hence, the manufacturers are realizing narrower profit margins. As a survival mechanism, cheesemakers have sought to maximize cheese yields per unit of milk, since increases in cheese …
Environmental, Nutritional, And Physiological Factors Associated With Hoof Growth And Wear In Holstein Cows, Lisa Hartson Bemis
Environmental, Nutritional, And Physiological Factors Associated With Hoof Growth And Wear In Holstein Cows, Lisa Hartson Bemis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Environmental, nutritional, and physiological parameters associated with hoof growth and wear were evaluated using data from 140 Holstein cows in five herds. Growth and wear of the dorsal and lateral regions of the front and rear outside claws were measured at approximately 2 mo intervals over a 14 mo period. Housing facilities varied from continuous confinement on concrete to confinement in dirt lots and included loafing sheds, free stall barns, and one comfort stall facility with rubber mats. Lateral hoof regions grew 24% faster than dorsal regions in the front and 20% faster in the rear hooves. Rear hooves grew …
Factors In Ultrafiltration And Thermal Concentration Of Whey Affecting Commercial Lactose Crystallization, Howard Henry Bonnemann
Factors In Ultrafiltration And Thermal Concentration Of Whey Affecting Commercial Lactose Crystallization, Howard Henry Bonnemann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The source for lactose production in the United States is almost exclusively sweet (low acid) whey which is the byproduct of cheese manufacture. Its extraction from the whey is motivated largely by pressures to utilize whey components to advantage. The ability to recover lactose efficiently is important to the manufacturers because they are in business ·to make a profit. At current market prices this profit margin will be difficult to realize unless an operation is fairly large a11d quite efficient. However, when considering the alternative of disposing of whey or its components, including lactose, as waste instead of attempting to …
The Effects Of Calcium Hydroxide Treatment Of Sunflower Seeds On Ration Digestibility And Rumen Parameters In Holstein Steers, Ann C. Spearow
The Effects Of Calcium Hydroxide Treatment Of Sunflower Seeds On Ration Digestibility And Rumen Parameters In Holstein Steers, Ann C. Spearow
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Digestibilities of rations containing 10% (dry matter basis) oil-type, rolled sunflower seeds treated with three levels- of calcium hydroxide were compared using .a randomized complete block design. Forty-eight Holstein steers were fed one of six completely mixed rations consisting of (DM basis) 44% corn silage, 10% chopped alfalfa hay, and 46% concentrate mix. Concentrate mixes contained: CSM = control; SCS =control+ 22% sunflower seeds; SCL = SCS + 3.5% additional limestone; SCH2, SCH4, and SCH8 = SCS + 2, 4, and 8% calcium hydroxide (% sunflower seed DM), respectively. Total rations were isonitrogeneous at approximately 16% crude protein and isocaloric …
The Use Of Whole-Rolled Sunflower Seeds With Or Without Additional Limestone In Lactating Dairy Cattle Rations, Anne M. Finn
The Use Of Whole-Rolled Sunflower Seeds With Or Without Additional Limestone In Lactating Dairy Cattle Rations, Anne M. Finn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Thirty Holstein cows were utilized in a lactation trial evaluating diets containing whole-rolled sunflower seeds. Cows were randomly assigned to treatments, grouped according to previous milk production and lactation number. The cows were fed one of three diets: 1) the control was a com-soybean meal mix (CSM), 2) com-soybean meal mix plus 22% whole-rolled sunflower seeds, and 3) a corn-soybean meal mix with 22% whole-rolled sunflower seeds with an additional 3.5% limestone over SCS (SCL). Additional limestone was added in an attempt to form fatty acid insoluble soaps. Rations were formulated to be isonitrogenous at 16% crude protein, fed as …
Digestibility Of Sunflower Hulls Treated With Sodium, Ammonium, And Potassium Hydroxides, Bal Krishna Sharma
Digestibility Of Sunflower Hulls Treated With Sodium, Ammonium, And Potassium Hydroxides, Bal Krishna Sharma
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of sunflower hulls (SFH) treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) at increasing levels were studied. Tested concentrations of each alkali as percent dry matter (DM) on SFH were 1.63, 2.45, 3.26, and 4. 08. In vitro dry matter digestibility of sunflower hulls increased with higher concentrations of NaOH and KOH. Percent IVDMD for control (un-treated SFH) was 18.0. Percent IVDMD for SFH treated at 1.63, 2.45, 3.26, and 4.08% of DM were: 18.9, 21.4, 22.2, and 22.9 for NaOH; 18.3, 18.0, 18.3, and 18.5 for NH …
An Examination Of Prostaglandins As Causative Agents In Pine Needle (Pinus Ponderosa) Abortion, Daniel P. Shue
An Examination Of Prostaglandins As Causative Agents In Pine Needle (Pinus Ponderosa) Abortion, Daniel P. Shue
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cow and calf losses due to pine needle abortion in cattle grazing foothill ranges of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) continue to cause managerial and economic problems for ranchers in South Dakota, Colorado, Idaho, California, Montana and many areas throughout Canada. Because of its overall economic significance, investigators have been attempting to isolate and characterize causative agents of pine needle abortion. To date, a large number of pine needle constituents have been shown to possess abortifacient capabilities. In addition to actual pine needles, it appears that several other undefined factors may be associated with, and (or) predispose animals to, pine needle …
Ultrafiltration Of Skim Milk Prior To Cottage Cheese Making, Izhar H. Athar
Ultrafiltration Of Skim Milk Prior To Cottage Cheese Making, Izhar H. Athar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cottage cheese has the largest sales volume potential of all cultured dairy products in the United States today. Moreover, it can be a highly profitable product if proper control is exercised during its manufacturing (46). Commercial production of cottage cheese utilizes a significant portion of the total fluid milk produced in the U. S.A. After the 1955's, yearly per capita consumption of cottage cheese increased from 1. 7 7 kg (3.9 lb) to a high of 2. 45 kg (5.4 lb) in 1972 (67) . Consumer demand for lower fat dairy products gradually increased, which put more pricing emphasis on …
Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis In Cows Fed Dried Whey, Paul M. Windschitl
Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis In Cows Fed Dried Whey, Paul M. Windschitl
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two rumen fistulated Holstein cows, weighing approximately 550 kg, were used in a switchback design experiment to evaluate the effects of consuming large amounts (38% of total ration dry matter) of dried whey on rumen microbial protein synthesis. Cows were fed total mixed rations consisting of (dry matter basis) 45% corn silage, 10% alfalfa hay, and 45% concentrate mix. The concentrate mix was primarily corn and soybean meal (control) or 85% dried whole whey. Dry matter intakes averaged 16.4 and 15.3 kg/day for control and whey diets. Concentrations of bacteria and protozoa in rumen contents were estimated using diaminopimelic acid …
Genetic Correlations Among Sex-Limited Traits, Michael D. Macneil
Genetic Correlations Among Sex-Limited Traits, Michael D. Macneil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Monte Carlo simulation techniques were used to assess the merits of three methods for calculation of the genetic correlation when traits have been measured on half-sibs of each sex. The restricted maximum likelihood, path coefficient and covariance component estimators did not differ significantly in their accuracy. Path coefficient and covariance component methodologies gave nearly unbiased estimators for traits of high heritability. Across both levels of heritability, the restricted maximum likelihood methodology resulted in genetic correlations being estimated with significantly smaller sampling variance than the other methods. Genetic correlations were estimated for age of puberty, weight at puberty, conceptions per service, …
Dye Marking Of Antibiotics Used In Treatment Of Mastitis In Dry And Lactating Cows, Richard A. Ellefson
Dye Marking Of Antibiotics Used In Treatment Of Mastitis In Dry And Lactating Cows, Richard A. Ellefson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mastitis is the one major disease affecting dairy cows; considerable direct and indirect economic losses can be attributed to mastitis (6). Treatment of mastitis with antibiotic preparations will alleviate most disease symptoms. Problems may arise when cows treated with antibiotics have their milk used for commercial milk processes before antibiotics are clear. They are: 1) some people are allergic to penicillin, and 2) cultured dairy products may not grow because of inhibition. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act established that milk and milk products containing antibiotics are considered adulterated. Due to recent innovations in antibiotics testing The National Conference on …
Whey-Caseinate Blends And Lactose Hydrolysis In Yogurt Manufacture, Catherine A. Whalen
Whey-Caseinate Blends And Lactose Hydrolysis In Yogurt Manufacture, Catherine A. Whalen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Yogurt is a highly nutritious cultured dairy product which has been consumed for centuries, particularly in Eastern Europe. Although per capita consumption in the United. States is still far below that of most European countries; yogurt sales in the U.S.A. have increased phenomenally during the past three decades. Yogurt sales in the U.S.A. totaled 7.7 million kg in 1955; 31.8 million kg in 1966; and approximately 227 million kg by 1976 (41). Per capita sales increased 211% from 1970 to 1980 (45). Yogurt is generally manufactured from milk or lowfat milk which has been fortified with extra milk solids. Nonfat …
Feeding Value Of High Starch And High Fat Rations For Dairy Calves, G. Duff Stewart
Feeding Value Of High Starch And High Fat Rations For Dairy Calves, G. Duff Stewart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sixty-four Holstein calves were used in a 3 x 2 factorial experiment of 12 wk to evaluate growth performance when fed control, high starch, and high fat pelleted diets separately or with a supplemental concentrate mix offered the first 6 wk. High starch and high fat diets were formulated to .contain more digestible energy than the control diet. Calves received milk the first 5 wk, plus one of the above rations ad libitum wk 1 thru 12. The control diet contained corn, oats, and soybean meal; the high starch diet contained corn and soybean meal; while the high fat diet …
Use Of Dry Whey And Lactose Hydrolysis In Yogurt Bases, Nagendra P. Shah
Use Of Dry Whey And Lactose Hydrolysis In Yogurt Bases, Nagendra P. Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Yogurt is one of the oldest and most traditional fermented dairy products. Since early times it has been an important food item of the people in the Middle East. Except for its refreshing taste and wholesomeness as a food, no special virtues were claimed for it until early in the 20th century when the bacteriologist, Elie Metchnikoff, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1908, concluded from his studies on the effect of lactic acid bacteria of the digestive tract, that yogurt arrests putrefaction in the intestinal tract and thus might be beneficial to health (55). Attempts to popularize yogurt in …
Hydrolyzed-Lactose Whey And Nonfat Dry Milk In Ice Cream, Mohammed Serajul Islam
Hydrolyzed-Lactose Whey And Nonfat Dry Milk In Ice Cream, Mohammed Serajul Islam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sweet dry whey was used to replace 25% and 50% of nonfat dry milk solids in ice cream mix. Forty-five batches experimental and control lots of vanilla ice cream were manufactured. A commercial lactase was used to hydrolyze lactose to over 90% conversion and the lactase was inactivated after hydrolysis. The extent of lactose hydrolysis in the mix was adjusted to 50% or 75% by blending non-hydrolyzed nonfat dry milk and whey solids with hydrolyzed preparations. Extra sweetness of the conversion products permitted reduction of sucrose by 6.25% and 12.5%, respectively, in the 50% and 75% hydrolyzed lactose ice cream …
Lactase Activity In Steers Fed Large Amounts Of Dried Whey, Kenneth J. King
Lactase Activity In Steers Fed Large Amounts Of Dried Whey, Kenneth J. King
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Large amounts of dried whole whey (86% of concentrate mix, 60% of total dry matter intake) were fed to four Holstein steers in place of corn and soybean meal in the control diet to evaluate the extent and site of lactose digestion in the ruminant's digestive tract. Diets consisted of 70% of the dry matter as concentrate mix and 30% as corn silage fed ad libitum as a total mixed ration. Weight gains and dry matter intakes were similar for steers fed dried whole whey or control diets. Samples of rumen contents from steers fed dried whole whey contained more …
Studies On Beneficial And Adverse Effects Of Dietary Buffers For Lambs, Jong Kyu Ha
Studies On Beneficial And Adverse Effects Of Dietary Buffers For Lambs, Jong Kyu Ha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Experiments using lambs were conducted to study the effects of buffers or roughages against acidosis occurring during rapid dietary changes. Experiments using rats were conducted to investigate vitamin A and thiamin stability and/or utilization as influenced by bentonite. Incubating rumen fluid in vitro at a pH lower than 6 reduced volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and increased lactate accumulation. Limestone or bentonite at levels of 2% in 92% concentrate diets had little effect on feed intake or rumen and blood parameters during a 7-day treatment period using rumen-canulated sheep. However, 2% NaHCO3 increased rumen pH and feed intake on …
Dye Marking Of Antibiotics Used In Treatment Of Mastitis, Nancy Fairbank Novak
Dye Marking Of Antibiotics Used In Treatment Of Mastitis, Nancy Fairbank Novak
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The National Mastitis Council, Inc. defines mastitis as the infection of udder tissues (74). Mastitis is the most costly disease affecting dairy cows; many people do not realize the considerable losses due to mastitis (6). A reasonable estimate of the prevalence of mastitis is 50% of cows infected at any time (62); cows in the average herd contract clinical mastitis 1.5 times per year (74). The minimum antibiotic treatments per case of mastitis is two; with approximately 11 million dairy cows in the United States, the annual minimum number of antibiotic treatments is 33 million. In South Dakota, with nearly …
The Effects Of Rancid Milk On Cheddar Cheese, Shane Thomas Mcdonald
The Effects Of Rancid Milk On Cheddar Cheese, Shane Thomas Mcdonald
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the most serious defects .of fluid milk is hydrolytic rancidity. Although not a new problem, recent practices in the dairy industry have increased its incidence. On the farm, the use of pipeline milking and transferring systems, in conjunction with bulk cooling and storage, involves excessive agitation and foaming of the raw milk. Both agitation and foaming enhance the development of rancidity. Additional agitation occurs when milk is pumped into storage silos, and pumped about the plant f or processing. Dairy processing facilities are becoming more centralized. Hence, raw milk must be transported longer distances to the dairy plants. …
Preservative Effects Of Covering And Propionic Acid On Alfalfa Haylage In Bunker Silos, Thomas Jonathan Oelberg
Preservative Effects Of Covering And Propionic Acid On Alfalfa Haylage In Bunker Silos, Thomas Jonathan Oelberg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The preservation efficiency of covering alfalfa haylage with black plastic (polyethylene) and/or treating haylage with propionic acid was studied in two trials. Experiment 1 was designed to evaluate the influence of both covering and treatment with propionic acid on haylage chemical composition and heifer growth. In experiment 1, prop ionic acid was administered to the haylage at the chopper at 0.02% of the fresh forage weight. Chemical composition and ensiling temperature of the haylage were monitored and animal growth was measured with 16 Holstein heifers. Covered haylage was superior to treated haylage in quality as measured by chemical analyses and …
Duration Of Antibiotic Residues In Milk From Cows Treated Via Intrauterine And Intramammary Infusion, Elias Abdurahman
Duration Of Antibiotic Residues In Milk From Cows Treated Via Intrauterine And Intramammary Infusion, Elias Abdurahman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Antibiotics have been employed by farmers and veterinarians for treatment of infectious cattle diseases for over 3 decades. The most common of these diseases in dairy cows is mastitis. Mastitis is defined by the National Mastitis Council (NMC) (49) as an inflammation of the mammary gland. It is the most prevalent and most costly disease .of dairy cattle. It is estimated that at least 50% of all cows are infected with some form of mastitis at any one time in one or more quarters; cows in the average herd contract clinical mastitis one and one-half times per yr (49) which …
Heat-Treated Soybean Proteins For Lactating Dairy Cattle, Clayton D. Mielke
Heat-Treated Soybean Proteins For Lactating Dairy Cattle, Clayton D. Mielke
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The value of heat treatment of protein supplements to reduce protein solubility and increase protein utilization was studied in two lactation trials. Experiment I was designed to study the utilization of heat-treated soybean meal (HSBM) by cows in early lactation. An extrusion process with moist heat was used to produce HSBM - a product with lower protein solubility than regular soybean meal (SBM). Ten cows, 3 wks post-partum, were assigned to treatments of HSBM or SBM. Due to a problem in feed bag labeling the concentrate mix containing SBM and corn was not as formulated. A large amount of ground …
Feeding Value Of High Protein Oat Silage Versus Corn Silage For Dairy Cows, Tilahun Sahlu
Feeding Value Of High Protein Oat Silage Versus Corn Silage For Dairy Cows, Tilahun Sahlu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Corn accounts for 80% of the total silage production in the United States while oats ranks second as a feed grain crop. Oats are a major crop in areas of the world where temperatures are cool and short growing seasons are not well suited for corn production. South Dakota is the leading oat producing state in the nation with 1. 68 million kilograms of oats produced annually. Oats play an important roll as animal feed because among common cereals in the United States it ranks highest in both protein and lysine content. Due to the wide genetic diversity of oat …
A Comparison Of Cheddar Cheese Yields And Composition Using Conventional Bulk Set Cultures And Superstart Concentrated Cultures, William J. Kipp
A Comparison Of Cheddar Cheese Yields And Composition Using Conventional Bulk Set Cultures And Superstart Concentrated Cultures, William J. Kipp
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The cheese industry has become by far the largest user of milk for manufacturing. In 1978, cheese production utilized a fourth of the total market supply of milk, up from less than an eighth in 1960 (4). Rising consumer incomes and changing lifestyles and eating habits have increased cheese consumption and sales by 60% since 1960 (21). In the last ten years, annual per capita consumption of cured cheese has increased from 11.6 lb to 17.1 lb (45). Economists state that the cheese market will continue to expand through the 1980's (7, 21, 68). Manufacturing cultured dairy products can be …
An Ultrastructural Study Of Fresh And Ensiled Alfalfa Using The Light And Transmission Electron Microscope, Janet Louise Lazo-Davis
An Ultrastructural Study Of Fresh And Ensiled Alfalfa Using The Light And Transmission Electron Microscope, Janet Louise Lazo-Davis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Late bud alfalfa was sampled prior to cutting and after 17 and 51 days of ensiling. Leaf and stem tissue were separated and immediately placed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde followed by 1% osmium textroxide for fixation. Following acetone dehydration, samples were embedded in Spurr plastic for examination under the light (LM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopes. Light microscopy was used to differentiate cell types and tissues, e.g. epidermis, chlorenchyma, phloem, xylem, and pith. Iodine staining (LM) showed starch localization in chlorenchyma cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed starch localized in chloroplasts of chlorenchyma. Leaf cells averaged nine chloroplasts per cell section …
Feeding And Housing Of Dairy Calves, Lester Vance Schaffer
Feeding And Housing Of Dairy Calves, Lester Vance Schaffer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In an 18 mo study antibiotic containing mastitic milk was collected from infected cows and fermented naturally for a minimum of 7 days at ambient temperature. Fermentation of antibiotic containing mastitic milk increased titratable acidity from 0.209% to 0.650% and decreased pH from 7.02 to 5.48. Fermentation decreased crude protein from 3.7% to 3.5% and increased NPN (% TN) from 6.0% to 8.4%. Penicillin was detected at a concentration of 1.2 IU/ml in the first milk after treatment and 0.01 IU/ml when fermented. Species of pathogenic organisms isolated from fresh and fermented milk were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, …