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Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Heterogeneity Of Variance By Sire Breed, Sex, And Dam Breed In 200- And 365-Day Weights Of Beef Cattle From A Top Cross Experiment, F. A. Rodriguez-Almeida, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff, Stephen D. Kachman Apr 1995

Heterogeneity Of Variance By Sire Breed, Sex, And Dam Breed In 200- And 365-Day Weights Of Beef Cattle From A Top Cross Experiment, F. A. Rodriguez-Almeida, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff, Stephen D. Kachman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The nature of the heterogeneity of variance for 200- and 365-d weights by sex, sire breed, and dam breed subclasses was studied. Data consisted of records for weaning f n = 7,829) and yearling (n = 7,367) weights of progeny from 673 and 672 sires, respectively, from 22 breeds that have been evaluated in the Germ Plasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE. Sires were mated to Hereford and Angus cows. Each trait was analyzed separately. Three studies were undertaken separately to investigate heterogeneity due to the different factors (i.e, sire breed, sex, or …

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Prediction Of Genetic Values Of Sires For Growth Traits Of Crossbred Cattle Using A Multivariate Animal Model With Heterogeneous Variances, R. Nunez-Dominguez, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff Apr 1995

Prediction Of Genetic Values Of Sires For Growth Traits Of Crossbred Cattle Using A Multivariate Animal Model With Heterogeneous Variances, R. Nunez-Dominguez, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjusting for heterogeneous variances across breed groups on prediction of breeding values (PBV) of selected sires and on breed of sire effects. Data on weights at birth (BWT), 200 d (WW), and 365 d (YW) of purebred and crossbred calves from matings of Angus (A), Hereford (H), Polled Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Simmental, Limousin, Maine-Anjou, Chianina, Gelbvieh, Tarentaise, and Salers bulls to A and H cows were used. Calf performance in H and A dams was treated as a different trait. Models compared included fixed birth year, cow age, and …

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Role Of Specific Response Elements Of The C-Fos Promoter And Involvement Of Intermediate Transcription Factor(S) In The Induction Of Sertoli Cell Differentiation (Transferrin Promoter Activation) By The Testicular Paracrine Factor Pmods*, Patricia D. Whaley, Jaideep Chaudhary, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner Apr 1995

Role Of Specific Response Elements Of The C-Fos Promoter And Involvement Of Intermediate Transcription Factor(S) In The Induction Of Sertoli Cell Differentiation (Transferrin Promoter Activation) By The Testicular Paracrine Factor Pmods*, Patricia D. Whaley, Jaideep Chaudhary, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A mesenchymal-epithelial cell interaction exists in the testis between the Sertoli cells that form the seminiferous tubule and the mesenchymal-derived peritubular myoid cells that surround the tubule. Analysis of the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions between these cells revealed the local production of a mesenchymal factor, PModS. PModS modulates the differentiated functions of Sertoli cells in uitro, including stimulation of the iron-binding protein transferrin (Tf). Previous results have indicated that PModS-induced Tf gene expression involves the activation of immediate early genes. One of the immediate early genes was identified as c-fos. The importance of c-fos was demonstrated in the current study when a …

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Estimates Using An Animal Model Of (Co)Variances For Yields Of Milk, Fat, And Protein For The First Lactation Of Holstein Cows In California And New York, L. G. Albuquerque, G. Dimov, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck Mar 1995

Estimates Using An Animal Model Of (Co)Variances For Yields Of Milk, Fat, And Protein For The First Lactation Of Holstein Cows In California And New York, L. G. Albuquerque, G. Dimov, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

First lactation yields of milk, fat, and protein from Holstein cows in New York and California were used to obtain REML estimates of (co)variances for yield traits using a multitrait animal model. Data from each state were split randomly into 10 samples, averaging 5504 cows per sample from California and 5078 from New York. Mean heritability estimates for milk, fat, and protein yields were .30 ± .02, .31 ± .01, and .29 ± .01 for California data and .33 ± .01, .35 ± .01, and .30 ± .01 for New York data. Averages of genetic correlation estimates for California and …

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Sperm Production In Boars After Nine Generations Of Selection For Increased Weight Of Testis, Thomas A. Rathje, R. K. Johnson, D. D. Lunstra Mar 1995

Sperm Production In Boars After Nine Generations Of Selection For Increased Weight Of Testis, Thomas A. Rathje, R. K. Johnson, D. D. Lunstra

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Body, testis, and epididymis weights were recorded and homogenization-resistant sperm nuclei were counted to determine daily sperm production and the number of sperm stored within the cauda epididymis (CAUDASP) in 145 boars of a control line (C) and 128 boars of a line selected for increased predicted weight of testis (TS) at 150 d of age. Random samples of boars were evaluated at five ages between 70 and 450 d in Generation 8 and 15 ages between 70 and 296 d in Generation 9. Data were analyzed using an animal model that included the fixed effect of line and the …

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Estimation Of Non-Additive Genetic Variances In Three Synthetic Lines Of Beef Cattle Using An Animal Model, F. A. Rodriguez-Almeida, L. Dale Van Vleck, R. A. Willham, S. L. Northcutt Jan 1995

Estimation Of Non-Additive Genetic Variances In Three Synthetic Lines Of Beef Cattle Using An Animal Model, F. A. Rodriguez-Almeida, L. Dale Van Vleck, R. A. Willham, S. L. Northcutt

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Dominance and additive x additive genetic variances were estimated for birth and weaning traits of calves from thee synthetic lines of beef cattle differing in mature size. Data consisted of 3,992 and 2,877 records from lines of small-, medium-, and large-framed calves in each of two research herds located at Rhodes and McNay, IA, respectively. Variance components were estimated separately by herd and line for birth weight (BWT), birth hip height (BH), 205-d weight (WW), and 205-d hip height (WH) by derivative-free REML with an animal model. Model 1 included fixed effects of year, sex, and age of dam. Random …

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Uterine Mass And Uterine Blood Volume In Mice Selected 21 Generations For Alternative Criteria To Increase Litter Size, Merlyn K. Nielsen, R. J. Kittok, Y. L. Kochera Kirby Jan 1995

Uterine Mass And Uterine Blood Volume In Mice Selected 21 Generations For Alternative Criteria To Increase Litter Size, Merlyn K. Nielsen, R. J. Kittok, Y. L. Kochera Kirby

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Lines of mice, selected for 21 generations using alternative criteria to increase litter size, were evaluated for uterine mass and uterine blood volume to help explain differences in uterine capacity. For this study, mice were sampled from Generation 27, the sixth generation after relaxation of selection. Mice came from all four criteria of selection (LS = selection on number born to unaltered females; M = selection on an index of ovulation rate and ova success; UT = selection on uterine capacity; and LC = unselected control) in each of three replicates (a total of 12 lines). Measurement was at one …

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Hormone Concentrations In The Caudal Vena Cava During The First Ovarian Follicular Wave Of The Oestrous Cycle In Heifers, F. M. Rhodes, L. A. Fitzpatrick, K. W. Entwistle, J. E. Kinder Jan 1995

Hormone Concentrations In The Caudal Vena Cava During The First Ovarian Follicular Wave Of The Oestrous Cycle In Heifers, F. M. Rhodes, L. A. Fitzpatrick, K. W. Entwistle, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Changes in pulsatile secretion of LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone were related to the growth phase, early plateau phase and regression phase of the first ovarian dominant follicle of the oestrous cycle in Bos indicus heifers. Relationships between these hormones during the three phases were also investigated. Accurate measurements of episodic ovarian steroid secretion were obtained by catheterizing the caudal vena cava via the lateral saphenous vein; the tip of the catheter was positioned just cranial to the ovarian vein using transrectal ultrasonography. Pulsatile secretion of oestradiol was increased only during the growth phase of the dominant follicle and was …

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Melengestrol Acetate At Greater Doses Than Typically Used For Estrous Synchrony In Bovine Females Does Not Mimic Endogenous Progesterone In Regulation Of Secretion Of Luteinizing Hormone And 17Β-Estradiol, F. N. Kojima, J. R. Chenault, M. E. Wehrman, E. G. M. Bergfeld, Andrea S. Cupp, L. A. Werth, V. Mariscal, T. Sanchez, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder Jan 1995

Melengestrol Acetate At Greater Doses Than Typically Used For Estrous Synchrony In Bovine Females Does Not Mimic Endogenous Progesterone In Regulation Of Secretion Of Luteinizing Hormone And 17Β-Estradiol, F. N. Kojima, J. R. Chenault, M. E. Wehrman, E. G. M. Bergfeld, Andrea S. Cupp, L. A. Werth, V. Mariscal, T. Sanchez, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Our working hypothesis was that doses of melengestrol acetate (MGA) greater than those typically administered in estrous synchrony regimens would regulate secretion of LH and 17β-estradiol (E2) as endogenous progesterone (P4) does during the midluteal phase of the estrous cycle. We also hypothesized that endogenous P4 from the CL would interact with MGA to further decrease the frequency of LH pulses and E2. Cows on Day 5 of their estrous cycle (Day 0 = estrus) were randomly assigned to an untreated control group (CONT, n = 5) or to one of six MGA …

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Relationship Of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (Rflp) At The Bovine Calpastatin Locus To Calpastatin Activity And Meat Tenderness, S. M. Lonergan, C. W. Ernst, M. D. Bishop, Chris R. Calkins, Mohammad Koohmaraie Jan 1995

Relationship Of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (Rflp) At The Bovine Calpastatin Locus To Calpastatin Activity And Meat Tenderness, S. M. Lonergan, C. W. Ernst, M. D. Bishop, Chris R. Calkins, Mohammad Koohmaraie

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) have been identified at the bovine calpastatin locus. The objective of the present study was to determine whether these polymorphisms are related to variations in calpastatin activity or beef tenderness in unrelated animals of mixed breeding. A sample of 83 crossbred steers from sires representing eight different breeds was examined to determine this relationship. A 2.2-kb cDNA coding for domains 2 through 4 plus a 3&#;&#;untranslated region of bovine skeletal muscle calpastatin was used as a probe for calpastatin RFLP. Polymorphisms were found using the restriction enzymes BamHI and EcoRI. Polymorphic restriction fragments for BamHI …

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The Effects Of Orientation And Storage Time On The Prediction Of Beef Rib Composition Using Electromagnetic Scanning, B. L. Gwartney, N. L. Meseck, Chris R. Calkins Jan 1995

The Effects Of Orientation And Storage Time On The Prediction Of Beef Rib Composition Using Electromagnetic Scanning, B. L. Gwartney, N. L. Meseck, Chris R. Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

To investigate the effects of orientation of beef ribs in an electromagnetic field and storage time on the prediction of rib composition, 64 ribs (IMPS 103) were scanned (2.5 MHz) in three different orientations: posterior end first (POS), dorsal end first (DOR), and fat side first, blade end down (BLD). Scans were obtained after 1 and 5 d of storage. Scan peak, rib weight, 3/4 fat depth, length, and temperature were used to predict percentage and weight of dissectable and fat-free lean. The mean peak for the BLD scans was four to six times higher than the POS or DOR …

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Increasing Concentrations Of 17Β-Estradiol Has Differential Effects On Secretion Of Luteinizing Hormone And Follicle-Stimulating Hormone And Amounts Of Mrna For Gonadotropin Subunits During The Follicular Phase Of The Bovine Estrous Cycle, Andrea S. Cupp, F. N. Kojima, M. S. Roberson, T. T. Stumpf, M. F. Wolfe, L. A. Werth, Roger J. Kittok, H. E. Grotjan, J. E. Kinder Jan 1995

Increasing Concentrations Of 17Β-Estradiol Has Differential Effects On Secretion Of Luteinizing Hormone And Follicle-Stimulating Hormone And Amounts Of Mrna For Gonadotropin Subunits During The Follicular Phase Of The Bovine Estrous Cycle, Andrea S. Cupp, F. N. Kojima, M. S. Roberson, T. T. Stumpf, M. F. Wolfe, L. A. Werth, Roger J. Kittok, H. E. Grotjan, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The hypothesis tested was that 17β-estradiol (E2) would increase amounts of mRNA for α, LHβ, and FSHβ subunits during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle prior to the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins in cows. On Day 16 (Day 0 = estrus) of the estrous cycle, all cows were treated with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Cows served as intact controls (CONT, n = 4) were ovariectomized (OVX, n = 5), or were ovariectomized and administered E2 (OVXE, n = 6) in increasing doses starting at the time of treatment with PGF2α. Cows were …

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Dosage Of The Synthetic Progestin, Norgestomet, Influences Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency And Endogenous Secretion Of 17Β-Estradiol In Heifers, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, E. G. M. Bergfeld, K. E. Peters, V. Mariscal, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder Jan 1995

Dosage Of The Synthetic Progestin, Norgestomet, Influences Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency And Endogenous Secretion Of 17Β-Estradiol In Heifers, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, E. G. M. Bergfeld, K. E. Peters, V. Mariscal, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine whether there were doses at which the synthetic progestin, norgestomet, could mimic midluteal phase concentrations of progesterone in regulating the secretion of LH and 17β-estradiol in bovine females. Heifers were randomly assigned to one of five groups to receive: 1) one (Norg, n = 5), 2) two (2Norg, n = 5), 3) four (4Norg, n = 5), or 4) eight (8Norg, n = 5) norgestomet implants or to serve as untreated control heifers (control, n = 5). On Day 7 (Day 0 = behavioral estrus), implants containing norgestomet were inserted, and they …

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Differences In Pup Birth Weight, Pup Variability Within Litters, And Dam Weight Of Mice Selected For Alternative Criteria To Increase Litter Size, M. A. J/ Van Engelen, Merlyn K. Nielsen, E. L. De A. Ribeiro Jan 1995

Differences In Pup Birth Weight, Pup Variability Within Litters, And Dam Weight Of Mice Selected For Alternative Criteria To Increase Litter Size, M. A. J/ Van Engelen, Merlyn K. Nielsen, E. L. De A. Ribeiro

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Selection for litter size had been practiced for 21 generations and relaxed selection for 13 generations in mice. Three replicates were used with four selection criteria: index of components (ovulation rate and ova success), uterine capacity, litter size, and an unselected control. Especially with selection for litter size and the index relative to the control, number of pups born had increased, and differences also occurred in mating weight. Dams of the three replicates and their litters were used to evaluate the effects of accumulated selection on pup birth weight, variability in weight of littermates, and dam's weight at mating and …

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Variance Of Interaction Effects Of Sire And Herd For Yield Traits Of Holsteins In California, New York, And Pennsylvania With An Animal Model, G. Dimov, L. G. Albuquerque, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck, H. D. Norman Jan 1995

Variance Of Interaction Effects Of Sire And Herd For Yield Traits Of Holsteins In California, New York, And Pennsylvania With An Animal Model, G. Dimov, L. G. Albuquerque, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck, H. D. Norman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An animal model with a REML algorithm was used to estimate variances of additive genetic effects and interaction effects of sire and herd. Milk and fat yields were analyzed for fmt, second, and thrd lactations of Holsteins from California, New York, and Pennsylvania. Twenty samples of data were used in the study: 10 from California, 4 from New York, and 6 from Pennsylvania. Mean number of lactations per sample was 36,820 from 18,189 cows in 156 herds. Mean fractions of phenotypic variance of interaction effects of sire and herd for milk and fat yields were .015 and .019 for first …

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Effects Of 17Β-Estradiol On Distribution Of Pituitary Isoforms Of Luteinizing Hormone And Follicle-Stimulating Hormone During The Follicular Phase Of The Bovine Estrous Cycle, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, T. T. Stumpf, D. D. Zalesky, M. S. Roberson, L. A. Werth, M. W. Wolfe, Roger J. Kittok, H. E. Grotjan, J. E. Kinder Dec 1994

Effects Of 17Β-Estradiol On Distribution Of Pituitary Isoforms Of Luteinizing Hormone And Follicle-Stimulating Hormone During The Follicular Phase Of The Bovine Estrous Cycle, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, T. T. Stumpf, D. D. Zalesky, M. S. Roberson, L. A. Werth, M. W. Wolfe, Roger J. Kittok, H. E. Grotjan, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of 17β-estradiol (E2) on distribution of LH and FSH isoforms during the follicular phase of the bovine estrous cycle prior to the preovulatory surges of LH and FSH. On Day 16 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = estrus), intact controls (CONT; n = 4) were treated with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to induce luteal regression and initiation of the follicular phase. Other cows were also treated with PGF2α and either ovariectomized (OVX; n = 5) or ovariectomized and given E2 implants (OVXE; n …

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Ten Generations Of Selection For Predicted Weight Of Testes In Swine: Direct Response And Correlated Response In Body Weight, Backfat, Age At Puberty, And Ovulation Rate, Rodger K. Johnson, Gregg R. Eckardt, Thomas A. Rathje, Denise K. Drudik Oct 1994

Ten Generations Of Selection For Predicted Weight Of Testes In Swine: Direct Response And Correlated Response In Body Weight, Backfat, Age At Puberty, And Ovulation Rate, Rodger K. Johnson, Gregg R. Eckardt, Thomas A. Rathje, Denise K. Drudik

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Selection for predicted weight of testes at 150 d of age (PWT) was practiced for 10 generations to determine the effect on reproductive and growth traits in swine. Mass selection among boars (line TS) or random selection (line C) was practiced beginning with the F3 generation of a Large White x Landrace composite population. Population size in each line was 40 to 45 litters by 15 sires per generation. Responses were estimated by regressions on cumulative selection differentials for PWT and on generation number and by mixed-model derivative-free REML procedures. The realized heritability of PWT was .35 ± .02 and …

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Ovarian Follicular Development In Prepubertal Heifers Is Influenced By Level Of Dietary Energy Intake, E. G. M. Bergfeld, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, M. E. Wehrman, K. E. Peters, M. Garcia-Winder, J. E. Kinder Apr 1994

Ovarian Follicular Development In Prepubertal Heifers Is Influenced By Level Of Dietary Energy Intake, E. G. M. Bergfeld, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, M. E. Wehrman, K. E. Peters, M. Garcia-Winder, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Objectives were twofold: 1 ) to determine the chronology of development of dominant ovarian follicles during the peripubertal period in heifers and 2) to determine whether feeding a diet with low energy content that delays onset of puberty alters chronology of dominant ovarian follicular development in peripubertal heifers. Ten heifers of composite breeding ( 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Red Poll, 1/4 Pinzgauer) were randomly assigned, at 8 mo of age, to receive a diet designed to produce 0.9 (n = 5) or 0.3 (n = 5) kg body weight gain per day for the duration of the experiment. To …

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Differential Regulation Of Gonadotropin Synthesis And Release In Ovariectomized Ewes After Treatment With A Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, G. E. Moss, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, E. G. M. Bergfeld, K. E. Peters, V. Mariscal, H. E. Grotjan Jr., J. E. Kinder, D. L. Hamernik Apr 1994

Differential Regulation Of Gonadotropin Synthesis And Release In Ovariectomized Ewes After Treatment With A Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, G. E. Moss, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, E. G. M. Bergfeld, K. E. Peters, V. Mariscal, H. E. Grotjan Jr., J. E. Kinder, D. L. Hamernik

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Our working hypothesis was that synthesis and release of LH, but not FSH, were solely dependent on LHRH. Twenty ovariectomized (OVX) ewes were randomly assigned to one of five treatments (n = 4 per group). Ewes were administered a low (10 μg/kg) or high (100 μg/kg) dose of LHRH antagonist (LHRH-Ant) at 24-h intervals for 3 or 6 days. Control ewes received vehicle (5% mannitol) at 24-h intervals for 6 days. Blood samples were collected every 15 min for 4 h before LHRH-Ant or vehicle and every 2 h during the period of treatment to determine concentrations of LH and …

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Luteinizing Hormone Has A Role In Development Of Fully Functional Corpora Lutea (Cl) But Is Not Required To Maintain Cl Function In Heifers, K. E. Peters, E. G.M. Bergfeld, Andrea S. Cupp, F. N. Kojima, V. Mariscal, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, H. E. Grotjan, D. L. Hamernik, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder Apr 1994

Luteinizing Hormone Has A Role In Development Of Fully Functional Corpora Lutea (Cl) But Is Not Required To Maintain Cl Function In Heifers, K. E. Peters, E. G.M. Bergfeld, Andrea S. Cupp, F. N. Kojima, V. Mariscal, T. Sanchez, M. E. Wehrman, H. E. Grotjan, D. L. Hamernik, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

We tested the hypothesis that endogenous pulses of LH have a role in development and maintenance of CL during the estrous cycle of the bovine female. Twenty heifers were synchronized to estrus by treating two times with prostaglandin F2α 11 days apart (Day 0 = behavioral estrus). Heifers were then randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n = 5/group). Heifers were treated with an antagonist to LHRH (LHRH-Ant; N-Ac-D-Nal[2]1,4C1-D-Phe2 ,D-Pa[3] 3,D-Cit 6,D-Ala10-LHRH; 10 μg/kg body weight) or vehicle (5% mannitol) once every 24 h: 1) LHRH-Ant Days 2-7, 2) LHRH-Ant Days …

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Estimates Of Genetic Parameters For 320-Day Pelvic Measurements Of Males And Females And Calving Ease Of 2-Year-Old Females, L. A. Kriese, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory, K. G. Boldman, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch Mar 1994

Estimates Of Genetic Parameters For 320-Day Pelvic Measurements Of Males And Females And Calving Ease Of 2-Year-Old Females, L. A. Kriese, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory, K. G. Boldman, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Records from 12 breed groups collected from 1983 to 1991, included in the Germ Plasm Utilization project at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, were analyzed separately by breed group and combined to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for 320-d male and female pelvic width, height, and area, and for 320-d male pelvic and female 2-yr-old calving ease. Calving ease was analyzed as a trait of the dam using 1) actual and 2) binary scale calving ease scores with a covariate of calf birth weight. A bivariate animal model and derivative-free REML incorporating sparse matrix techniques were used. When breed …

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Prediction Error Variances For Interbreed Genetic Evaluations, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff Mar 1994

Prediction Error Variances For Interbreed Genetic Evaluations, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A table for adjusting expected progeny differences (EPD) to a base year and breed basis depends on analyses of records of progeny of bulls of different breeds in a common environment and requires that those reference bulls also have other progeny to provide within-breed EPD. Currently, the germ plasm evaluation project at the Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) provides such a common environment for reference bulls of several breeds for estimation of breed differences for the reference sires. Reference sire estimates of breed differences are adjusted by the difference between average EPD of reference bulls and average EPD for the …

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Effects Of Synovex® Implants On Growth Rate, Pelvic Area, Reproduction, And Calving Performance Of Replacement Heifers, R. F. Hancock, Gene H. Deutscher, Merlyn K. Nielsen, D. J. Colburn Jan 1994

Effects Of Synovex® Implants On Growth Rate, Pelvic Area, Reproduction, And Calving Performance Of Replacement Heifers, R. F. Hancock, Gene H. Deutscher, Merlyn K. Nielsen, D. J. Colburn

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two trials were conducted to evaluate effects of Synovex C® implant on replacement heifers given at two different ages. Crossbred heifer calves (n =370) were allotted to four treatments: 1) non-implanted controls, 2) implanted at 2 mo, 3) implanted at 6 mo, and 4) implanted at both 2 and 6 mo of age. Heifers implanted at 2 mo gained 7 kg more (P =.01) by 6 mo than those not implanted 2 mo. No differences were found in 22-mo weights. All implanted heifers had larger (P = .01) yearling pelvic area than controls. All heifers implanted at 6 mo continued …

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Electromagnetic Scanning Of Beef Quarters To Predict Carcass And Primal Lean Content, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, R. S. Lin, J. C. Forest, Anne M. Parkhurst, R. P. Lemenager Jan 1994

Electromagnetic Scanning Of Beef Quarters To Predict Carcass And Primal Lean Content, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, R. S. Lin, J. C. Forest, Anne M. Parkhurst, R. P. Lemenager

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

To study the use of electromagnetic scanning in prediction of lean content in beef carcasses and cuts, 100 beef cattle (60 steers and 40 heifers), representing a broad range in external fat thickness (. 1 to 2.9 cm) and live weight (414 to 742 kg), were selected. Chilled right sides were divided into streamlined (foreshank, brisket, and ventral plate removed) forequarters (FQ) and full hindquarters (HQ) and scanned. Primal rounds, loins, ribs, and chucks were fabricated from the right side, scanned, and physically separated into lean, fat, and bone. Prediction equations for dissected lean content and percentage of lean included …

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Temporal Response Of Rabbits To Β-Adrenergic Agonist Feeding: Tissue Weight, Calpains And Calpastatin Activities, And Nucleic Acid And Protein Concentrations, T. D. Pringle, S. M. Lonergan, Chris R. Calkins, Steven J. Jones, Phillip S. Miller, Mohammad Koohmaraie Jan 1994

Temporal Response Of Rabbits To Β-Adrenergic Agonist Feeding: Tissue Weight, Calpains And Calpastatin Activities, And Nucleic Acid And Protein Concentrations, T. D. Pringle, S. M. Lonergan, Chris R. Calkins, Steven J. Jones, Phillip S. Miller, Mohammad Koohmaraie

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Forty-eight crossbred rabbits were used in three replications of a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement to investigate the short-term responses of tissue accretion, calpains and calpastatin activity, and nucleic acid and protein concentrations to β- adrenergic agonist (BAA) feeding. Rabbits were fed a 17% CP diet with or without 7 ppm of L644,969 and slaughtered after 1, 4, 8, or 16 d of treatment. Empty body dressing percentage and biceps femoris weight (as a percentage of empty body weight [EBWI) were significantly higher in the treated rabbits than in the controls after 16 d of treatment. Heart and liver …

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Effect Of Fat Source In Receiving Diets And Reduced Nocturnal Temperatures On Commingled Feeder Pig Performance, Michael C. Brumm, Ernest R. Peo, Jr. Jan 1994

Effect Of Fat Source In Receiving Diets And Reduced Nocturnal Temperatures On Commingled Feeder Pig Performance, Michael C. Brumm, Ernest R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments using 864 crossbred feeder pigs were conducted to determine the effects of fat sources and a feed flavor in 3-wk receiving diets and a reduced nocturnal temperature regimen on commingled feeder pig performance. In Exp. 1, there was no response to a feed flavor on overall ADG or ADFI. Commingled pigs offered receiving diets containing 5% blended vegetable oil (5B) or 5% tallow (5T) did not differ in overall ADG (.61, .63 vs .61 kg/d) and gain:feed (.315, .307, .310) compared with pigs offered corn-soy diets.

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Serum Cholesterol Concentration Of Mice Selected For Litter Size And Its Relationship To Litter Size And Testis Mass, E. L. De A. Ribeiro, R. J. Kittok, Merlyn K. Nielsen Jan 1994

Serum Cholesterol Concentration Of Mice Selected For Litter Size And Its Relationship To Litter Size And Testis Mass, E. L. De A. Ribeiro, R. J. Kittok, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study assessed the genetic relationship between litter size and serum cholesterol concentration and between litter size and testis mass in mice. Mice were from a long-term experiment in which selection had occurred for 21 generations in three replicated lines per criterion of selection (LS = selection to increase litter size based on number born; LC = unselected control). Thereafter, random mating within lines was practiced. Serum cholesterol concentrations were evaluated in female and male mice from two replicates at Generation 29 and one replicate at Generation 30. Body weights and blood samples were collected from primiparous females 8 d …

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Uterine Capacity And Ovulation Rate In Mice Selected 21 Generations On Alternative Criteria To Increase Litter Size, A. C. Clutter, Y. Kochera Kirby, Merlyn K. Nielsen Jan 1994

Uterine Capacity And Ovulation Rate In Mice Selected 21 Generations On Alternative Criteria To Increase Litter Size, A. C. Clutter, Y. Kochera Kirby, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

After 21 generations of selection for alternative criteria to change litter size in mice, responses in uterine capacity and ovulation rate were evaluated. Females from Generations 22 and 23 were sampled from 12 lines, representing three replicates of four selection criteria: LS = direct selection on litter size; M = selection on an index of ovulation rate and the proportion of ova shed that resulted in fully formed offspring; UT = selection on uterine capacity measured as litter size from females unilaterally ovariectomized at 4 wk of age; and LC = unselected control. All females in the present evaluation (a …

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Heritability And Repeatability For Milk Production Traits Of Japanese Holsteins From An Animal Model, Mitsuyoshi Suzuki, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 1994

Heritability And Repeatability For Milk Production Traits Of Japanese Holsteins From An Animal Model, Mitsuyoshi Suzuki, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Records of the first three lactations of cows were obtained from the file of the Dairy Herd Testing Association in Hokkaido. The data were divided into 10 files containing approximately 24,000 cows each. The derivative-free REML method was used to estimate variances with a repeatability model. The model contained herd-year, calving month, and the linear and quadratic effects of age at calving as fixed effects; additive genetic, permanent environmental, and temporary environmental effects were the random effects. Estimates from the 10 data files were pooled into a simple arithmetic mean. Empirical standard errors were. calculated from the samples. Average estimates …

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Changes In Ovulation Rate, Uterine Capacity, Uterine Dimensions, And Parity Effects With Selection For Litter Size In Swine, Luis L. T. Gama, R. K. Johnson Oct 1993

Changes In Ovulation Rate, Uterine Capacity, Uterine Dimensions, And Parity Effects With Selection For Litter Size In Swine, Luis L. T. Gama, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted with random samples of pigs of a line (LS) selected for eight generations for litter size and a randomly selected control line (RS) in the Nebraska Gene Pool population and of crosses of these lines with a Large White- Landrace composite line (I) that was selected for an index of ovulation rate and embryonic survival to 50 d of gestation. Two experiments were done to obtain information on ovulation rate, uterine dimensions, and uterine capacity. In Exp. 1, 103 gilts were slaughtered 9 to 16 d after their second estrus to obtain reproductive tracts for evaluation …

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