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Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Effect Of Supplemental Energy Source And Frequency On Growing Calf Performance, T. W. Loy, Terry Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, C. N. Macken, J. C. Macdonald Jan 2008

Effect Of Supplemental Energy Source And Frequency On Growing Calf Performance, T. W. Loy, Terry Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, C. N. Macken, J. C. Macdonald

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Crossbred heifers (n = 120; 265 kg, SD = 37) were fed individually (84 d) to determine the effect of supplement type, concentration, and frequency on intake and performance and to estimate the energy value of dry distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) in a high-forage diet. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial, with 3 supplements, 2 concentrations, and 2 frequencies of supplementation. Supplements including dry-rolled corn (DRC), DRC with corn gluten meal (DRC + CGM), and DDGS were fed at 0.21% (LOW) or 0.81% (HIGH) of BW daily and were provided daily (DAILY) or 3 …

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Tenderness, Sensory, And Color Attributes Of Two Muscles From The M. Quadriceps Femoris When Fabricated Using A Modified Hot-Boning Technique, B. E. Jenschke, B. J. Swedberg, Chris R. Calkins Jan 2008

Tenderness, Sensory, And Color Attributes Of Two Muscles From The M. Quadriceps Femoris When Fabricated Using A Modified Hot-Boning Technique, B. E. Jenschke, B. J. Swedberg, Chris R. Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The M. quadriceps femoris from USDA Choice (n = 12) and USDA Select (n = 12) carcasses were fabricated traditionally (COLD) or innovatively (HOT), in which the seams it shares with the top round and bottom round were separated prerigor to evaluate positional and locational effects on Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), sensory attributes, and objective color. At slaughter, paired USDA Choice and USDA Select carcasses were alternately assigned either the HOT or COLD treatment. At 48 h postslaughter, subprimals were removed, vacuum-packaged, and aged for an additional 5 d. After aging, the M. quadriceps femoris was cut into 2.54-cm-thick steaks …

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Effects Of Dark Storage And Retail Display On Beef Chunk And Round Muscles Enhanced With Ammonium Hydroxide, Salt, And Carbon Monoxide, A. E. Hamling, B. E. Jenschke, Chris R. Calkins Jan 2008

Effects Of Dark Storage And Retail Display On Beef Chunk And Round Muscles Enhanced With Ammonium Hydroxide, Salt, And Carbon Monoxide, A. E. Hamling, B. E. Jenschke, Chris R. Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the retail shelf stability of beef chuck and round muscles enhanced with ammonium hydroxide, salt, and carbon monoxide. A split plot design was used for each of 3 muscles [triceps brachii (TB), biceps femoris (BF), and rectus femoris (RF)] with 2 treatments (0 and 20% pump), 3 dark storage periods (1, 2, and 3 wk), and 3 replications in the whole plot and retail display period as the split plot. There were a total of 12 subprimals per treatment per dark storage period (n = 72 each). Individual steaks were cut to …

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The Effect Of Feeding Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Milk Production And Excretion Of Urinary Purine Derivatives, B. N. Janicek, P. J. Kononoff, A. M. Gehman, P. H. Doane Jan 2008

The Effect Of Feeding Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Milk Production And Excretion Of Urinary Purine Derivatives, B. N. Janicek, P. J. Kononoff, A. M. Gehman, P. H. Doane

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two studies were performed to evaluate the effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on the lactational performance of dairy cows. The intent of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing concentrations of DDGS on the feed intake and production of Holstein dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows averaging 76 ± 24 d in milk and 638 ± 68 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to one of five 4 × 4 Latin squares. During each of the 28-d periods, cows were offered 1 of 4 diets: 1) control, 0% DDGS, 2) 10% DDGS, 3) …

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A New Heat Load Index For Feedlot Cattle, J. B. Gaughan, Terry L. Mader, S. M. Holt, A. Lisle Jan 2008

A New Heat Load Index For Feedlot Cattle, J. B. Gaughan, Terry L. Mader, S. M. Holt, A. Lisle

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The ability to predict the effects of extreme climatic variables on livestock is important in terms of welfare and performance. An index combining temperature and humidity (THI) has been used for more than 4 decades to assess heat stress in cattle. However, the THI does not include important climatic variables such as solar load and wind speed (WS, m/s). Likewise, it does not include management factors (the effect of shade) or animal factors (genotype differences). Over 8 summers, a total of 11,669 Bos taurus steers, 2,344 B. taurus crossbred steers, 2,142 B. taurus × Bos indicus steers, and 1,595 B. …

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Evaluation And Application Of The Cpm Dairy Nutrition Model, L. O, Tedeschi, W. Chalupa, E. Janczewski, D. G. Fox, C. Sniffen, R. Munson, Paul J. Kononoff, R. Boston Jan 2008

Evaluation And Application Of The Cpm Dairy Nutrition Model, L. O, Tedeschi, W. Chalupa, E. Janczewski, D. G. Fox, C. Sniffen, R. Munson, Paul J. Kononoff, R. Boston

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The Cornell-Penn-Miner (CPM) Dairy is an applied mathematical nutrition model that computes dairy cattle requirements and the supply of energy and nutrients based on characteristics of the animal, the environment and the physicochemical composition of the feeds under diverse production scenarios. The CPM Dairy was designed as a steady-state model to use rates of degradation of feed carbohydrate and protein and the rate of passage to estimate the extent of ruminal fermentation, microbial growth, and intestinal digestibility of carbohydrate and protein fractions in computing energy and protein post-rumen absorption, and the supply of metabolizable energy and protein to the animal. …

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Effect Of Intensive Winter Management, Partial Season Grazing, And Sorting On Performance And Economics Of A Long Yearling Steer Production System, J. D. Folmer, W. A. Griffin, C. N. Macken, M. P. Blackford, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson Jan 2008

Effect Of Intensive Winter Management, Partial Season Grazing, And Sorting On Performance And Economics Of A Long Yearling Steer Production System, J. D. Folmer, W. A. Griffin, C. N. Macken, M. P. Blackford, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 2-yr study (200 steers/yr) was conducted to evaluate effects of grazing management and sorting by BW at feedlot entry on performance and economics of yearling steers. At receiving, steers (247 ± 21 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 treatments: low (0.75 kg/d, NORM) or high (0.90 kg/d, INT) gains during backgrounding. After wintering, NORM and INT grazed native range for 128 and 78 d, respectively. At feedlot entry, steers were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 treatments: sorted by BW (25% heavy, 50% medium, or 25% light; SORT) or unsorted (UNSORT). Heavy, medium, light, and UNSORT steers …

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Effect Of Feeding Das-59122-7 Corn Grain And Nontransgenic Corn Grain To Individually Fed Finishing Steers, T. J. Huls, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, K. J. Vander Pol, D. W. Rice, B. Smith, M. Hinds, F. Owens, M. Liebergesell Jan 2008

Effect Of Feeding Das-59122-7 Corn Grain And Nontransgenic Corn Grain To Individually Fed Finishing Steers, T. J. Huls, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, K. J. Vander Pol, D. W. Rice, B. Smith, M. Hinds, F. Owens, M. Liebergesell

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An experiment was conducted to evaluate feeding transgenic corn containing the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from a Bacillus thuringiensis strain and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes to finishing cattle compared with nontransgenic corn. Expression of the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes confers resistance to corn rootworms, and the pat gene confers tolerance to herbicides containing glufosinate-ammonium. Sixty crossbred steers (396 kg) were individually fed either transgenic corn (DAS-59122-7; 59122), a near-isogenic, nontransgenic control (Control), and a conventional, nontransgenic corn for 109 d to evaluate nutritional equivalency (20 steers/treatment). The corn was coarsely rolled (geometric mean diameter = 4,200 …

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Dissection Of A Qtl Hotspot On Mouse Distal Chromosome 1 That Modulates Neurobehavioral Phenotypes And Gene Expression, Khyobeni Mozhui, Daniel C. Bastiaansen, Thomas Schikorski, Xusheng Wang, Lu Lu, Robert W. Williams Jan 2008

Dissection Of A Qtl Hotspot On Mouse Distal Chromosome 1 That Modulates Neurobehavioral Phenotypes And Gene Expression, Khyobeni Mozhui, Daniel C. Bastiaansen, Thomas Schikorski, Xusheng Wang, Lu Lu, Robert W. Williams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A remarkably diverse set of traits maps to a region on mouse distal chromosome 1 (Chr 1) that corresponds to human Chr 1q21–q23. This region is highly enriched in quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control neural and behavioral phenotypes, including motor behavior, escape latency, emotionality, seizure susceptibility (Szs1), and responses to ethanol, caffeine, pentobarbital, and haloperidol. This region also controls the expression of a remarkably large number of genes, including genes that are associated with some of the classical traits that map to distal Chr 1 (e.g., seizure susceptibility). Here, we ask whether this QTL-rich region on Chr 1 …

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Microarray Analysis Reveals Distinctive Signaling Between The Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis, Nucleus Accumbens, And Dorsal Striatum, Christopher M. Olsen, Yong Pandey, Shirlean Goodwin, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Lu Lu, Thomas R. Sutter, Danny G. Winder Jan 2008

Microarray Analysis Reveals Distinctive Signaling Between The Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis, Nucleus Accumbens, And Dorsal Striatum, Christopher M. Olsen, Yong Pandey, Shirlean Goodwin, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Lu Lu, Thomas R. Sutter, Danny G. Winder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Microarray analysis reveals distinctive signaling between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum. Physiol Genomics 32: 283–298, 2008. First published October 2, 2006; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00224.2006.—To identify distinct transcriptional patterns between the major subcortical dopamine targets commonly studied in addiction we studied differences in gene expression between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and dorsal striatum (dStr) using microarray analysis. We first tested for differences in expression of genes encoding transcripts for common neurotransmitter systems as well as calcium binding proteins routinely used in neuroanatomical delineation of brain regions. This a priori …

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Chapter 2: Use Of Distillers Co-Products In Diets Fed To Beef Cattle, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Virgil R. Bremer Jan 2008

Chapter 2: Use Of Distillers Co-Products In Diets Fed To Beef Cattle, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Virgil R. Bremer

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Consumers in the United States purchase 64 pounds of beef per year. That beef is considered “high quality” by international standards. In the distant past in the United States, beef was produced with forages, and it still is in most countries of the world today. Beef cattle are ruminants and therefore are able to convert grasses, hays, and crop residues into tasty, nutritious meat. Even today in the United States, about 80% to 90% of the feed required to produce “grain-fed” beef is forage. The U.S. beef produced today is “high quality” because the cattle are fed corn just prior …

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Letter To The Editor, Rodger K. Johnson Jan 2008

Letter To The Editor, Rodger K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

I am a co-author of papers published in the Journal of Animal Science by Moeller et al. (2004) and Serenius et al. (2006) that report data from the National Pork Producers Council Maternal Line Evaluation project (MLE). In his letter to the editor, DeBuse (2007) claims that the authors of these papers misrepresented the line submitted by Newsham Hybrids (USA) Inc. (NH; Colorado Springs, CO) to the MLE. Below are the facts, as I know them, regarding the design and implementation of the MLE.

The MLE tested crossbred females that represented maternal lines available to producers. It was designed to …

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Letter To The Editor Jan 2008

Letter To The Editor

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This letter is in response to the Letter to the Editor by Neil DeBuse published in this issue of the Journal of Animal Science regarding journal paper “Design and standards for genetic evaluation of seedstock populations” (81:2409–2418, 2003). The NPPC Genetic Programs Committee (GPC) and the authors of this journal paper recognize Newsham Hybrids as a reputable genetics company and a credible source of information to the swine industry. As a result, we have no reason to doubt their initial pedigree information and stand by the evaluation of the original Newsham Hybrids entry that was made by the GPC at …

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Effects Of Prebreeding Body Weight Or Progestin Exposure Before Breeding On Beef Heifer Performance Through The Second Breeding Season, J. L. Martin, K. W. Creighton, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Terry J. Klopfenstein, R. T. Clark, Don C. Adams, Richard N. Funston Jan 2008

Effects Of Prebreeding Body Weight Or Progestin Exposure Before Breeding On Beef Heifer Performance Through The Second Breeding Season, J. L. Martin, K. W. Creighton, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Terry J. Klopfenstein, R. T. Clark, Don C. Adams, Richard N. Funston

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments evaluated prebreeding target BW or progestin exposure for heifers developed lighter than traditional recommendations. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of the system on heifer performance through subsequent calving and rebreeding over 3 yr. Heifers (229 kg) were assigned randomly to be developed to 55% of mature BW (299 kg) before a 45-d breeding season (intensive, INT; n = 119) or 50% of mature BW (272 kg) before a 60-d breeding season (relaxed, RLX; n = 142). Prebreeding and pregnancy diagnosis BW were greater (P ≤ 0.006) for INT than RLX heifers. Overall pregnancy rate did not differ (88.4%; …

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Enhancement Of Beef Chuck And Loin Muscles With Ammonium Hydroxide And Salt, A. E. Hamling, Chris R. Calkins Jan 2008

Enhancement Of Beef Chuck And Loin Muscles With Ammonium Hydroxide And Salt, A. E. Hamling, Chris R. Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the tenderness of beef chuck and round muscles when enhanced with ammonium hydroxide and salt at different pump levels. A randomized, complete block design of 4 treatments and 3 muscles with 3 replications was used, with a total of 15 subprimals per treatment. Treatments included a 0% (CON), 15% (T15), 22.5% (T22), and 30% (T30) target pump. The triceps brachii (TB), biceps femoris (BF), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were studied. Muscles were injected with a solution of ammonium hydroxide and sodium chloride (patent-pending technology from Freezing Machines Inc., Dakota Dunes, SD). …

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Effects Of Aging On Beef Chuck And Loin Muscles Enhanced With Ammonium Hydroxide And Salt, A. E. Hamling, B. E. Jenschke, Chris R. Calkins Jan 2008

Effects Of Aging On Beef Chuck And Loin Muscles Enhanced With Ammonium Hydroxide And Salt, A. E. Hamling, B. E. Jenschke, Chris R. Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine whether aging would alter the beneficial effects (tenderness, juiciness, and flavor) of enhancing beef chuck and round steaks with a 20% solution of water, ammonium hydroxide, salt, and carbon monoxide. A randomized, complete block design was used, with 2 treatments [0% (control) and 20% (pump)], 3 aging periods (1, 2, and 3 wk), 3 muscles (M. triceps brachii from the clod heart, M. biceps femoris from the sirloin cap, and M. rectus femoris from the knuckle), and 3 replications. There were a total of 12 subprimals per treatment per aging period (n …

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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) Isoforms May Regulate Sex-Specific Vascular Development, Cord Formation And Follicle Progression In Developing Gonads, Andrea S. Cupp, Rebecca C. Bott, Renee M. Pohlmann, Robin A. Ten Broeck, Debra T. Clopton Jan 2008

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) Isoforms May Regulate Sex-Specific Vascular Development, Cord Formation And Follicle Progression In Developing Gonads, Andrea S. Cupp, Rebecca C. Bott, Renee M. Pohlmann, Robin A. Ten Broeck, Debra T. Clopton

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The ratio of VEGF angiogenic to anti-angiogenic isoforms appears to determine different biological functions in reproduction. Reduced amounts of angiogenic VEGF isoforms inhibit testis sex-specific vasculature and normal cord formation in organ cultures while reduction of inhibitory isoforms increased vasculature and perturbed cords. In the female, using peri-natal ovarian cultures, inhibition of angiogenic VEGFisoforms reduced vascular development and inhibited follicle progression while conversely reductions in inhibitory isoforms or increases in angiogenic isoforms enhanced follicle development. Thus, regulation of the Vegfa gene to produce angiogenic or anti-angiogenic isoforms may be a mechanism to alter sex-specific vascular development, formation of seminiferous cords, …

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Evaluation Of Nitrogen Utilization And The Effects Of Monensin In Dairy Cows Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff, C. R. Mullins, B. N. Janicek Jan 2008

Evaluation Of Nitrogen Utilization And The Effects Of Monensin In Dairy Cows Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff, C. R. Mullins, B. N. Janicek

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Twenty midlactation Holstein cows (4 ruminally fistulated) averaging 101 ± 34 d in milk and weighing 674 ± 77 kg were used to compare rations with brown midrib corn silage (bm3) to rations with dual-purpose control silage (DP) on N utilization and milk production. The effect of monensin in these rations was also examined. Animals were assigned to one of five 4 × 4 Latin squares with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial. Cows were fed 1 of 4 treatments during each of the four 28- d periods. Treatments were 1) 0 mg/d monensin and bm3 …

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Effect Of Corn Processing In Finishing Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Steers, K. J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, T. Robb Jan 2008

Effect Of Corn Processing In Finishing Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Steers, K. J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, T. Robb

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three-hundred sixty calf-fed steers (BW = 318 ± 15 kg) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate corn processing methods in finishing diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). Whole corn (WC) was compared with corn processed by different methods, consisting of dryrolled corn (DRC), high-moisture corn (HMC), a 1:1 DRC:HMC combination (DM basis), steam-flaked corn (SFC), and finely-ground corn (FGC). The SFC with a flake density of 0.33 kg/L was obtained from a commercial feedlot. Basal dietary ingredients consisted of ground alfalfa hay (5.6% of DM) and dry supplement (3.0% of DM), with the balance being …

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Estimation Of Genetic Parameters For Average Daily Gain Using Models With Competition Effects, C. Y. Chen, Stephen D. Kachman, Rodger K. Johnson, S. Newman, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 2008

Estimation Of Genetic Parameters For Average Daily Gain Using Models With Competition Effects, C. Y. Chen, Stephen D. Kachman, Rodger K. Johnson, S. Newman, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Components of variance for ADG with models including competition effects were estimated from data provided by the Pig Improvement Company on 11,235 pigs from 4 selected lines of swine. Fifteen pigs with average age of 71 d were randomly assigned to a pen by line and sex and taken off test after approximately 89 d (off-test BW ranged from 61 to 158 kg). Models included fixed effects of line, sex, and contemporary group and initial test age as a covariate, with random direct genetic, competition (genetic and environmental), pen, litter, and residual effects. With the full model, variances attributable to …

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Differential Expression In Lung And Bronchial Lymph Node Of Pigs With High And Low Responses To Infection With Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, J. S. Bates, D. B. Petry, J. Eudy, L. Bough, Rodger K. Johnson Jan 2008

Differential Expression In Lung And Bronchial Lymph Node Of Pigs With High And Low Responses To Infection With Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, J. S. Bates, D. B. Petry, J. Eudy, L. Bough, Rodger K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

One hundred Hampshire × Duroc crossbred pigs and 100 Nebraska Index line pigs were infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and evaluated for resistance and susceptibility. Controls (100/line) were uninfected littermates to infected pigs. Viremia (V), BW change (WTΔ), and rectal temperature at 0, 4, 7, and 14 d postinfection were recorded. Lung, bronchial lymph node (BLN), and blood tissue were collected at necropsy (14 d postinfection). Infected pigs were classified as low or high responders to PRRSV based on the first principal component from principal component analyses of all variables. Low responders to PRRSV (low PRRSV …

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Cattle Code: Coproduct Optimizer Decision Evaluator, Crystal D. Buckner, Darrell Mark, Virgil R. Bremer, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2008

Cattle Code: Coproduct Optimizer Decision Evaluator, Crystal D. Buckner, Darrell Mark, Virgil R. Bremer, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Expansion of the corn-based ethanol industry in recent years has resulted in a growing supply of coproduct feeds. These coproducts result in significant improvements in cattle performance and are often priced lower than corn on a dry matter basis. Along with these benefits to feeding ethanol coproduct feeds, cattle feeders must also account for additional transportation costs to originate the coproducts and for added expenses to handle, mix, and deliver the feed ration within the feedlot. An economic budget model, called Cattle CODE, was created to help feeders, nutritionists, and Extension educators evaluate these nonlinear effects across unique feeding situations.

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Effects Of Calcium Magnesium Carbonate And Roughage Level On Feedlot Performance, Ruminal Metabolism, And Site And Extent Of Digestion In Steers Fed High-Grain Diets, G. I. Crawford, C. D. Keeler, J. D. Wagner, C. R. Krehbiel, Galen E. Erickson, M. B. Crombie, G. A. Nunnery Jan 2008

Effects Of Calcium Magnesium Carbonate And Roughage Level On Feedlot Performance, Ruminal Metabolism, And Site And Extent Of Digestion In Steers Fed High-Grain Diets, G. I. Crawford, C. D. Keeler, J. D. Wagner, C. R. Krehbiel, Galen E. Erickson, M. B. Crombie, G. A. Nunnery

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A feedlot growth performance experiment and 2 metabolism experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary roughage concentration and calcium magnesium carbonate in steers fed a high-grain diet. In Exp. 1, one hundred ninety-two crossbred yearling steers (320 ± 10 kg of initial BW) were fed diets based on steam-flaked corn with 0, 0.75, or 1.5% CaMg(CO3) 2. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.13) on ADG, DMI, G:F, or total water intake due to CaMg(CO3)2. In Exp. 2, five ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (263 ± 9 kg of initial BW) were used in …

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Board-Invited Review: Use Of Distillers By-Products In The Beef Cattle Feeding Industry, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Virgil R. Bremer Jan 2008

Board-Invited Review: Use Of Distillers By-Products In The Beef Cattle Feeding Industry, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Virgil R. Bremer

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The ethanol industry is expanding rapidly. This expansion in production of renewable energy also increases production of by-products. These byproducts, primarily distillers grains plus solubles (DGS), are utilized very efficiently by ruminants. When the starch in corn is fermented to produce ethanol, the remaining nutrients (protein, fat, fiber) are concentrated about 3-fold. Whereas DGS is an excellent protein source for ruminants, the large supply and the price relative to corn make DGS an attractive energy source as well. This is especially important with reduced availability and higher price of corn because of demand by the ethanol industry. A meta-analysis of …

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Chemical And Sensory Properties Of Beef Of Known Source And Finished On Wet Distillers Grains Diets Containing Varying Types And Levels Of Roughage, B. E. Jenschke, Joshua R. Benton, Chris R. Calkins, Timothy P. Carr, Kent M. Eskridge, Terry Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2008

Chemical And Sensory Properties Of Beef Of Known Source And Finished On Wet Distillers Grains Diets Containing Varying Types And Levels Of Roughage, B. E. Jenschke, Joshua R. Benton, Chris R. Calkins, Timothy P. Carr, Kent M. Eskridge, Terry Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Beef knuckles (n = 160) were obtained from source-verified cattle finished on 30% wet distillers grains plus solubles enriched with varying levels of alfalfa hay (4 or 8%), corn silage (6 or 12%), or corn stalks (3 or 6%) based on NDF. Proximate analysis, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, fatty acid composition, and sensory analysis were conducted on the rectus femoris muscle to determine if roughage inclusion, in conjunction with wet distillers grains plus solubles and cattle source, affects beef flavor with particular interest in liver-like off-flavor. Proximate analysis, fat content, and oxidation-reduction potential were unaffected (P ≥ 0.129) by diet or …

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Estimates Of Genetic Parameters For Growth Traits In Kermani Sheep, M. R. Bahreini Behzadi, F. E. Shahroudi, L. Dale Van Vleck Oct 2007

Estimates Of Genetic Parameters For Growth Traits In Kermani Sheep, M. R. Bahreini Behzadi, F. E. Shahroudi, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (W6), 9-month weight (W9) and yearling weight (YW) of Kermani lambs were used to estimate genetic parameters. The data were collected from Shahrbabak Sheep Breeding Research Station in Iran during the period of 1993–1998. The fixed effects in the model were lambing year, sex, type of birth and age of dam. Number of days between birth date and the date of obtaining measurement of each record was used as a covariate. Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood, using single and two-trait animal models. Based on …

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Technical Note: Calculation Of Standard Errors Of Estimates Of Genetic Parameters With The Multiple-Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximal Likelihood Programs, Stephen D. Kachman, L. Dale Van Vleck Sep 2007

Technical Note: Calculation Of Standard Errors Of Estimates Of Genetic Parameters With The Multiple-Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximal Likelihood Programs, Stephen D. Kachman, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The multiple-trait derivative-free REML set of programs was written to handle partially missing data for multiple-trait analyses as well as single- trait models. Standard errors of genetic parameters were reported for univariate models and for multiple-trait analyses only when all traits were measured on animals with records. In addition to estimating (co)variance components for multiple-trait models with partially missing data, this paper shows how the multiple-trait derivative-free REML set of programs can also estimate SE by augmenting the data file when not all animals have all traits measured. Although the standard practice has been to eliminate records with partially missing …

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Differential Immunity In Pigs With High And Low Responses To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection, D. B. Petry, J. Lunney, P. Boyd, D. Kuhar, E. Blakenship, R. K. Johnson Jul 2007

Differential Immunity In Pigs With High And Low Responses To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection, D. B. Petry, J. Lunney, P. Boyd, D. Kuhar, E. Blakenship, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

One hundred Hampshire × Duroc crossbred pigs (HD) and 100 NE Index line (I) pigs were infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and evaluated for resistance/susceptibility. Controls (100/line) were uninfected littermates to the infected pigs. Viremia, change in weight (WTΔ), and rectal temperature at 0, 4, 7, and 14 d postinfection were recorded. Lung, bronchial lymph node (BLN), and blood tissue were collected at necropsy (14 d postinfection). The first principal component from principal component analyses of all variables was used to rank the pigs for phenotypic response to PRRS virus. Low responders (low PRRS burden) had …

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Utilization Of Dried Distillers Grains For Developing Beef Heifers, J. L. Martin, Andrea S. Cupp, Richard J. Rasby, Z. C. Hall, Richard N. Funston Jul 2007

Utilization Of Dried Distillers Grains For Developing Beef Heifers, J. L. Martin, Andrea S. Cupp, Richard J. Rasby, Z. C. Hall, Richard N. Funston

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 2-yr study was conducted at 2 locations to determine if supplementing beef heifers with dried distillers grains (DDG) as an energy source affected growth or reproduction. Spring-born crossbred heifers (n = 316) were blocked by age or sire and age and assigned randomly to DDG or control (dried corn gluten feed, whole corn germ, urea) supplement. Heifers received prairie hay in amounts sufficient for ad libitum intake and 0.59% of BW DDG or 0.78% of BW control supplement (DM basis). Supplements were formulated to be isocaloric, but protein degradability differed. Supplemental undegradable intake protein intake from DDG averaged 267 …

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Bovine Respiratory Disease In Feedlot Cattle: Phenotypic, Environmental, And Genetic Correlations With Growth, Carcass, And Longissimus Muscle Palatability Traits, G. D. Snowder, L. Dale Van Vleck, L. V. Cundiff, G. L. Bennett, M. Koohmaraie, M. E. Dikeman Jul 2007

Bovine Respiratory Disease In Feedlot Cattle: Phenotypic, Environmental, And Genetic Correlations With Growth, Carcass, And Longissimus Muscle Palatability Traits, G. D. Snowder, L. Dale Van Vleck, L. V. Cundiff, G. L. Bennett, M. Koohmaraie, M. E. Dikeman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most costly feedlot disease in the United States. Selection for disease resistance is one of several possible interventions to prevent or reduce the economic loss associated with animal disease and to improve animal welfare. Undesirable genetic relationships, however, may exist between production and disease resistance traits. The objectives of this study were to estimate the phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations of BRD with growth, carcass, and LM palatability traits. Health records on 18,112 feedlot cattle over a 15-yr period and slaughter data on 1,627 steers over a 4-yr period were analyzed with bivariate animal …

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