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Articles 871 - 900 of 990
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Remember The Elephants ... Forget Ivory
Animal Companions--The Promise Kept; The Problems Broken
Animal Companions--The Promise Kept; The Problems Broken
Close Up Reports
The powerful bond between people and dogs and cats is accompanied by serious ethical obligations on our part.
Specificity Of The Cardiac Response To Conspecific Vocalizations In Chimpanzees, Gary G. Berntson, Sarah T. Boysen
Specificity Of The Cardiac Response To Conspecific Vocalizations In Chimpanzees, Gary G. Berntson, Sarah T. Boysen
Sentience Collection
Heart rate measures were used to examine the functional response of young chimpanzees and orangutans to acoustic stimuli, including white noise and chimpanzee vocalizations (threat, stress, and alarm). The initial response of the animals to all stimuli was characterized by a prominent cardiac deceleration and an increase in heart period variability. The deceleratory responses persisted with repeated presentations of the noise, stress, and alarm stimuli. In contrast, the response of chimpanzees to the conspecific threat stimulus reverted over trials to a notable cardiac acceleration. This acceleratory response was not attributable to potential patterns of evoked somatic responses. The features of …
Numerical Competence In A Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes), Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Numerical Competence In A Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes), Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Sentience Collection
A chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), trained to count foods and objects by using Arabic numbers, demonstrated the ability to sum arrays of 0-4 food items placed in 2 of 3 possible sites. To address representational use of numbers, we next baited sites with Arabic numbers as stimuli. In both cases performance was significantly above chance from the first sessions, which suggests that without explicit training in combining arrays, the animal was able to select the correct arithmetic sum for arrays of foods or Arabic numbers under novel test conditions. These findings demonstrate that counting strategies and the representational use of numbers …
Acceptance Of Simulated Oral Rabies Vaccine Baits By Urban Raccoons, John Hadidian, Suzanne R. Jenkins, David H. Johnston, Peter J. Savarie, Victor F. Nettles, David M. Manski, George M. Baer
Acceptance Of Simulated Oral Rabies Vaccine Baits By Urban Raccoons, John Hadidian, Suzanne R. Jenkins, David H. Johnston, Peter J. Savarie, Victor F. Nettles, David M. Manski, George M. Baer
Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection
In summer 1986, a study was conducted to evaluate raccoon (Procyon lotor) acceptance of oral baits that could be used for rabies vaccination, One thousand wax-coated sponge bait cubes were filled with 5 mg of a seromarker (iophenoxic acid), placed in polyethylene bags, and hand-distributed in an 80 ha area within an urban National Park in Washington, D.C. (USA), After 3 wk, target and nontarget animals were trapped and blood samples collected to evaluate bait uptake. Thirty-three of 52 (63%) raccoons had elevated blood iodine levels indicating they had eaten at least one bait, 13 (25%) were negative, and six …
Conspecific Recognition In The Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes): Cardiac Responses To Significant Others, Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Conspecific Recognition In The Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes): Cardiac Responses To Significant Others, Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Sentience Collection
The ability of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to recognize photographs of conspecifics was evaluated with heart-rate measures. Heart rate was recorded before, during, and after viewing photographs of an aggressive chimpanzee, a friendly companion animal, and an unfamiliar chimpanzee. The subject displayed a differential pattern of heart-rate response to the stimulus animals, without prior experience with the photographs. Responses to the aggressive animal were acceleratory, which suggests a defensive response. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia suggested that this response was associated with sympathetic activation. In contrast, responses to the familiar animal were minimal, whereas cardiac deceleration was observed in response to the …
The Hidden Costs Of Beef, Michael W. Fox, Nancy E. Wiswall
The Hidden Costs Of Beef, Michael W. Fox, Nancy E. Wiswall
eBooks
No abstract provided.
Comprehension Of "Absence" By An African Grey Parrot: Learning With Respect To Questions Of Same/Different, Irene M. Pepperberg
Comprehension Of "Absence" By An African Grey Parrot: Learning With Respect To Questions Of Same/Different, Irene M. Pepperberg
Sentience Collection
An African Grey parrot, Alex, learned to report on the absence or presence of similarity and difference between two objects. Alex was shown pairs of objects that were (a) totally dissimilar, (b) identical, or (c) similar or different with respect to one of three attributes (color, shape, or material). In the first two cases, he responded to the respective queries of "What's same?" or "What's different?" with the vocalization "none," and in the third case he responded with the appropriate category label ("color," "shape," or "mah-mah" [matter]). His accuracy was 80.9% to 83.9% for pairs of familiar objects not used …
Variation In Piglet Weights: Weight Gains In The First Days After Birth And Their Relationship With Later Performance, B. K. Thompson, D. Fraser
Variation In Piglet Weights: Weight Gains In The First Days After Birth And Their Relationship With Later Performance, B. K. Thompson, D. Fraser
Ontogeny Collection
Piglets from 42 litters of Yorkshire sows were weighed 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d after farrowing in order to explore the highly variable weight gains during the first 2 wk after birth. All litters were adjusted to 10-12 piglets by fostering. Litters differed greatly in average gain per piglet during the first 3 d after farrowing, with litter means ranging from 5 to 227 g d‒1 per piglet for the 3-d period. Gains during days 0-3 tended to be somewhat lower if the sow had a high body temperature during these days, but the …
Use Of Water By Piglets In The First Days After Birth, David Fraser, P. A. Phillips, B. K. Thompson, W. B. Peeters
Use Of Water By Piglets In The First Days After Birth, David Fraser, P. A. Phillips, B. K. Thompson, W. B. Peeters
Ontogeny Collection
Use of drinking water was determined for 51 litters of piglets by weighing and refilling a water dispenser each day for the first 4 d after farrowing. Measures of spillage, evaporation, and piglet drinking behavior indicated that most disappearance of water represented actual drinking by the piglets. Water use varied greatly among litters with an average of 46 g d‒1 per piglet over the 4 d, and a range of negligible use to about 200 g d‒1. Water use, especially on day 2, was correlated negatively with the average weight gain of the litter during the first …
Eavesdropping By Bats: The Influence Of Echolocation Call Design And Foraging Strategy, Jonathan Balcombe, M. Brock Fenton
Eavesdropping By Bats: The Influence Of Echolocation Call Design And Foraging Strategy, Jonathan Balcombe, M. Brock Fenton
Sentience Collection
We used playback presentations to free-flying bats of 3 species to assess the influence of echolocation call design and foraging strategy on the role of echolocation calls in communication. Near feeding sites over water, Myotis lucifugus and M. yumanensis responded positively only to echolocation calls of conspecifics. Near roosts, these bats did not respond before young of the year became volant, and after this responded to presentations of echolocation calls of similar and dissimilar design. At feeding sites Lasiurus borealis responded only to echolocation calls of conspecifics and particularly to "feeding buzzes". While Myotis, particularly subadults, appear to use the …
Fight Against Pets In Research Gains Momentum
Fight Against Pets In Research Gains Momentum
Close Up Reports
Now is the time to unite to save our pets
Animal Brutality For Fun And Profit
Animal Brutality For Fun And Profit
Close Up Reports
HSUS field staff cracks down on bizarre animal spectacles
Cardiac Correlates Of Individual Recognition In The Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes), Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Cardiac Correlates Of Individual Recognition In The Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes), Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Sentience Collection
The ability of a chimpanzee to recognize individuals depicted in photographs was evaluated through the use of heart rate measures. Heart rate was recorded before and during photographic projections of human caregivers, familiar individuals, strangers, and blank control slides. In the absence of explicit training or reinforcement, the chimpanzee displayed a differential pattern of heart rate response to the stimulus categories. Although heart rate responses to all stimuli were predominantly deceleratory, the photographs of caregivers yielded consistently larger responses than other stimuli. Results indicate that the chimpanzee is able to recognize individual humans from novel photographic representations and that heart …
Pet Shops: The Unseen Suffering
Pet Shops: The Unseen Suffering
Close Up Reports
The HSUS exposes cruelties behind closed doors
Variation In Piglet Weights: Development Of Within-Litter Variation Over A 5-Week Lactation And Effect Of Farrowing Crate Design, B. K. Thompson, D. Fraser
Variation In Piglet Weights: Development Of Within-Litter Variation Over A 5-Week Lactation And Effect Of Farrowing Crate Design, B. K. Thompson, D. Fraser
Ontogeny Collection
Piglets from 51 litters were weighed weekly over a 5-wk lactation in an experiment that studied the effects of farrowing crate design and other factors on variation in piglet weight. Of two farrowing crates used, one had low horizontal bars that tended to impede access to the upper row of teats, while the other had angled vertical bars which permitted freer access. Fourteen-day weights were more uniform in the vertical-bar crates than in the horizontal-bar crates (P < 0.025), but the difference waned by day 35 (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in mean body weight owing to crate type (P < 0.05) for any of the weekly measurements but, by day 14, there was a significant linear trend (P < 0.05) at decreasing main body weight with increasing litter size. The interaction between crate type and litter size was significant at the later ages (P < 0.01 at day 35) because the linear trend was more pronounced for horizontal-bar crates than for vertical. Litters differed greatly in the uniformity of their body weights. Much of the variation became established in the first and, to a lesser extent, the second week after birth. In those weeks, weight gains were highly variable and were not closely related to weight at the beginning of the week. Thereafter, the established differences tended to be perpetuated to 35 d, because weight gains were largely proportional to body weight. Within-litter competition appeared to influence weight gain considerably.
Variation In Piglet Weights: Relationship To Suckling Behavior, Parity Number And Farrowing Crate Design, David Fraser, B. K. Thompson
Variation In Piglet Weights: Relationship To Suckling Behavior, Parity Number And Farrowing Crate Design, David Fraser, B. K. Thompson
Ontogeny Collection
Suckling behavior and weight change of piglets were studied during the first 2 wk after birth. Thirty-six litters comprised a balanced comparison of parity number (first or second), litter size (8, 10 or 12), and two farrowing crate designs, one of which had a low horizontal bar that tended to impede the piglets' access to the udder. Piglets showed the expected preference for the anterior teats although the preference was more apparent in the second parity than in the first. Teat fidelity was most pronounced at the two ends of the udder; piglets occupying the middle positions did more fighting …
Hunting And The Evolution Of Human Intelligence: An Alternative View, Maxine Sheets-Johnstone
Hunting And The Evolution Of Human Intelligence: An Alternative View, Maxine Sheets-Johnstone
Intelligence Collection
No abstract provided.
Visual Evoked Potentials In The Great Apes, Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Visual Evoked Potentials In The Great Apes, Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Sentience Collection
No abstract provided.
"Cruel Cosmetic Testing Could Be Stopped Today If Consumers Demanded It!''
"Cruel Cosmetic Testing Could Be Stopped Today If Consumers Demanded It!''
Close Up Reports
Time is running out for the millions of creatures that will suffer agonizing deaths in product-safety tests this year.
Animal Pain, Bernard E. Rollin
Animal Pain, Bernard E. Rollin
Experimentation Collection
Some time ago, I received a telephone call from an eminent primatologist asking me to give the keynote address at a scientific seminar on animal pain. My first response was to express surprise that they were inviting a philosopher. His reply was remarkable, if only for its rarity among scientists: "The truly interesting and important issues concerning pain in animals are not scientific ones," he said. "They are moral, philosophical, and conceptual ones. And the total failure of science to engage or even acknowledge these issues discredits biomedical science and weakens its conceptual base." I hope to show you that …
Recognition And Alleviation Of Pain In Animals, P. A. Flecknell
Recognition And Alleviation Of Pain In Animals, P. A. Flecknell
Animal Welfare Collection
The pain and distress which animals experience as a consequence of their use by man figures prominently in discussions of animal welfare. Some improvements have been made in animal housing and husbandry practices and it is likely that further progress will be made in this field. In comparison, relatively little attention has been given to the problem of minimizing the pain and distress caused to animals by the various procedures to which they are subjected. The most publicized of these are the wide range of experimental techniques which are undertaken using laboratory animals, but also includes procedures such as castration …
T-61 Use In The Euthanasia Of Domestic Animals: A Survey, Andrew N. Rowan
T-61 Use In The Euthanasia Of Domestic Animals: A Survey, Andrew N. Rowan
Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection
A variety of techniques have been proposed and employed for the killing of domestic animals but relatively few have survived as suitable agents for euthanasia-namely, the induction of painless, suffering-free death. Some agents, such as strychnine, curariform agents, or potassium salts cause suffering while others have other disadvantages. 'lbday, dogs and cats are commonly euthanatized with sodium pentobarbital or with T-61 which is a mixture of a central nervous system narcotic, a paralytic agent, and a local anesthetic. The use of T-61 was first reported in the United States in 1963 (Quin 1963). The substance gradually became more popular because …
Applications Of Laboratory Technology In The Evaluation Of The Risk Of Rabies Transmissions By Biting Dogs And Cats, Donald C. Blenden, Manuel J. Torres-Anjel, F. T. Satalowich
Applications Of Laboratory Technology In The Evaluation Of The Risk Of Rabies Transmissions By Biting Dogs And Cats, Donald C. Blenden, Manuel J. Torres-Anjel, F. T. Satalowich
Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection
While rabies is not a common disease in domestic animal species of the United States, potential exposures to rabies in the form of bites are very common and increasing. A nationwide study conducted among general hospitals shows that 1 percent of emergency room visits are for animal bites, of which 80-90 percent are inflicted by the dog (Callaham 1980). This figure is conservative, as the study did not include pediatric hospitals, the bite of victims that progress only to a physician's office, or those that receive no medical care at all. In Missouri alone, this study would infer about 1500 …
Advances In Animal Welfare Science 1985/86, M. W. Fox (Ed.), A. N. Rowan (Ed.)
Advances In Animal Welfare Science 1985/86, M. W. Fox (Ed.), A. N. Rowan (Ed.)
eBooks
This second volume of papers dealing with scientific and ethical aspects of animal welfare covers a variety of topics and areas of investigation. It will be of particular interest to those readers seeking more insight into such subjects as farm animal welfare and humane husbandry systems; animal experimentation, especially in the field of psychology; and pain in animals, notably its recognition and alleviation.