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Progress ’61: 1961 Annual Report

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Table of Contents

Commissioners ... 2

Director's Message ... 3

Game ... 4

Fisheries ... 10

Parks ... 14

Federal Aid ... 18

Information and Tourism ... 20

Engineering and Operations ... 24

Land Management ... 26

Law Enforcement ... 28

Boating ... 30

Financial ... 31

Evolutionary Relationships Among The North American Mallards, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

A comparative morphological, behavioral, and electrophoretic study was undertaken on six populations of North American mallards that are currently considered by the A.O.U. Check-list to comprise four species and two additional subspecies. These include Anas p. platyrhynchos, A. d. diaxi, A. d. novimexicana, A. f. fulvigula, A. f. maculosa, and A. rubripes. These forms are essentially allopatric in their breeding distributions, with the major exception of A. p. platyrhynchos and A. rubripes, which overlap throughout a several-hundred-mile zone in east-central United States.

Geographic ranges and population sizes are estimated, and evidence is presented to indicate that the …

Mortality Of Eastern Brook Trout Caused By Plerocercoids (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea: Diphyllobothriidae) In The Heart And Viscera, Glenn L. Hoffman, C. E. Dunbar

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

It is well known that migrating helminth larvae do a great amount of damage to the host. Often, however, the host is relatively large and the damage done by few larvae is not serious. When the host is very small the mechanical damage, at least, must be proportionately greater for each larva present. An unusual case of mortality of small brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) roughly 2 to 4 inches long was brought to our attention. Examination of the mortalities, as well as survivors, revealed relatively large diphyllobothrid larvae (fig. 1) in the chambers of the heart, liver, pericardial …

Notes On Sanguinicola Davisi (Trematoda: Sanguinicolidae) In The Gills Of Trout, H. S. Davis, Glenn L. Hoffman, E. W. Surber

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In 1953 the late Dr. Davis recorded the presence of an unnamed trematode from the gill blood vessels of fingerling cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) and fingerling steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) at the Alsea Hatchery and in yearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at the Oakridge Hatchery, both of the Oregon State Game Commission. Subsequently, two blood flukes, Sanguinicola davisi and S. klamathensis, were described from trout by Wales (1958). The present species was determined to be S. davisi by one of us (GLH). This report supplements data reported by Davis (1953) and Wales (1958). …

The Taxonomy Of The Anatidae—A Behavioural Analysis, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Delacour & Mayr's (1945) classic revision of the Anatidae took waterfowl behaviour into account to a much larger degree than had any previous classifications of the group. However, their utilization of behaviour was primarily at the tribal and generic levels, and no real attempt was made to use behaviour for determining intrageneric relationships. Thus far only Lorenz (1941, 1951-1953) has seriously attempteq this with waterfowl, and his analysis of the relationships within the genus Anas (sensu Delacour & Mayr) has provided a remarkable insight into the evolution of this group. I have attempted to expand Lorenz's behavioural delineation of relationships …

Nebraska Bird Review (October 1960) 28(4), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Thirty-Sixth Annual Cooperative Spring Migration and Occurrence Report ...............58

Index ...............81

Pair-Formation Mechanisms In Anas (Anatidae) And Related Genera, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Although the" courtship" behaviour of waterfowl has attracted widespread interest and has been the subject of several major papers (e.g. Heinroth 1911, Lorenz 1951-1953), the actual means by which pairs are formed in most species of waterfowl remains unknown. We may conclude by inference that the females of most species of ducks must actively "select" their mates, for the elaborate male displays and plumage patterns present in the group can only be reconciled in terms of sexual selection. In addition, any observer of waterfowl will soon realize that it is the males which actively " court" the females, and that …

Digenetic Trematodes Of Marine Fishes Of Puerto Rico, Ather H. Siddiqi, Raymond M. Cable

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Preface

This monograph reports the major part of an investigation begun by Raymond M. Cable in 1951, when he spent one year at the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagiiez, Puerto Rico, collecting and studying larval trematodes and the helminth parasites of shore birds and marine fishes. The work there was done under the auspices set forth in the Preface to Part 4, Volume 16, of this series; this part was facilitated especially by Virgilio Biaggi, N. T. Mattox, and Donald Erdman, who rendered invaluable assistance in the collection and identification of fishes. One trip …

Nebraska Bird Review (July 1960) 28(3), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Fall Roosting Sites and Flights of the Common Grackel and Associated Species in Kearney, Nebraska, 1959 ..................34

The Least Tern ..................39

Current Problems in Hawk and Owl Protection and Legislation ..................43

Identification of Birds in Flight.................. 45

Meetings and Reports ..................52

General Notes.................. 53

Letters to the Editor ..................55

A Quantitative Study Of Sexual Behavior Of Mallards And Black Ducks, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

In recent years an increased interest in the use of behavioral characteristics in evolutionary studies has developed, and this is particularly true in the case of waterfowl. The classical studies of Heinroth (1911), who was one of the first to apply knowledge of waterfowl behavior to systematics, have been elaborated on by Lorenz (1941; 1951-1953) in his important contribution toward the understanding of relationships in the Anatinae. These, and other, studies have stressed the qualitative behavioral differences occurring among different species as providing possible isolating mechanisms through their presumed function of conveying species-specific recognition signals. To the present, no extensive …

Nebraska Bird Review (April 1960) 28(2), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Golden Eagles ......................18

History and Status of Introduced Game Birds In Nebraska ..........................19

A Day of Bird Banding ..........................23

A Robin Study in Kearney, Nebraska ..........................24

1959 Nesting Report ..........................27

Fredrick J. Adams ..........................28

General Notes ..........................29

Meetings ..........................30

Treasurers' Report.......................... 30

Letters to the Editor ..........................32

Survey Of Fishing In 1000 Ponds In 1959, Willis King

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The program of stocking farm and ranch ponds with fish produced at the national fish hatcheries was evaluated in January 1960 by a survey of 1,000 ponds. This sample, which was randomly chosen, represents 1/40th of the number of ponds stocked in 1957 by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife with bass, bluegill, redear sunfish and catfishes. A questionnaire, approved by the Bureau of the Budget, was employed in 25 States in connection with personal interviews of pond owners or managers by fishery biologists and hatchery personnel.

Pond owners reported that their principal reasons for building the ponds were …

Block & Bridle Annual 1959-1960

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

President Roger Wehrbein Vice President Ted Klug Secretary George B. O'Neal Treasurer Ralph Hazen Marshal Bud Reece Historian Tom Kraeger Co-Historian John Zauha Ag. Executive Representative Larry Williams Faculty Advisor Dr. E. B. Peo, Jr. George Ahlschwede Richard Hahn Henry Beel Ralph Hazen Gary Briggs Gary Heineman Leslie Cook Max Hauser Richard Eberspacher Buce Jameson Russ Edeal Leon Janovy William Ehresman Alan Jorgensen Rolland Eubanks John Joyner Mickey Evertson Marshall Jurgens Jesse Felker Ron Kahle Mylon Filkins Donald Kavan Richard Frahm Max Keasling Roger French Ronald Kennedy Angus Garey Ted Klug Ed Gates Herb Kraeger Gerald Gogan Tom Kraeger Gerald …

Classification And Evolutionary Relationships Of The Sea Ducks, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

When Delacour and Mayr (1945) revised the classification of the Anatidae, one of their major innovations was the erection of the tribe Mergini, the members of which had in the past (Peters, 193 1) been included in the subfamilies Nyrocinae (=Aythyinae) and Merginae. This separation of the true pochards (Netta and Aythya) from the other diving ducks and the merging of the merganser group into the same tribe with the goldeneyes (Bucephala) and other sea ducks has been accepted by most authorities and incorporated into recent classifications such as those of Kagelmann (1951) and Boetticher ( …

Hybridization In The Anatide And Its Taxonomic Implications, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

Without doubt, waterfowl of the family Anatidae have provided the greatest number and variety of bird hybrids originating from both natural and captive conditions. The recent compilation by Gray (1958) has listed approximately 400 interspecies hybrid combinations in this group, which are far more than have occurred in any other single bird family. Such a remarkable propensity for hybridization in this group provides a great many possibilities for studying the genetics of speciation and the genetics of plumage and behavior, and it also provides a valuable tool for judging species relationships. It may generally be said that the more closely …

48th Annual Feeders Day Progress Report: Improving Beef Production Through Nutrition And Management, W. V. Lamber, E. F. Frolik

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

As we start a new decade it is appropriate to ponder for a moment on where we have been and where we go from here.

The past ten years have seen significant changes in all phases of animal agriculture. Probably the most spectacular changes came in the area of nutrition. During the past ten years significant advances were made in our knowledge on mineral and vitamin nutrition. Additional facts on the old problem of the ratio of concentrates to roughage have been added. Ways of supplementing poor quality roughage to obtain optimum production were learned.

The Number Of Daughter-Dam Pairs Needed For Estimating Heritability, L. Dale Van Vleck, S. R. Searle, C. R. Henderson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The number of observations required to obtain reliable estimates of heritability has been discussed recently for the method which utilizes the intra-class correlation coefficient. Wearden (1959) has made use of the power function to determine the number of progeny per sire needed to estimate heritability. Tallis (1959), utilizing the formula for the variance of the intra-class correlation coefficient as given by Fisher (1952), has discussed the minimum number of offspring necessary for estimating heritability with a given accuracy.

Carcass Characteristics Of Swine As Influenced By Levels Of Protein Fed In Pasture And In Dry Lot, D. B. Hudman, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Several experiments have been conducted to compare the performance of growing-finishing swine fed on pasture and in dry lot. Most of the early experimental research was conducted with rations that were lacking in vitamin and antibiotic supplementation. In these experiments the pigs fed on pasture tended to gain faster and more efficiently than those fed in dry lot. However, more recent research conducted by Hutchinson et al. (1955, 1956), Conrad and Beeson (1957) and Barnhart, Overfield and Lowry (1959) indicates that with supplemental vitamins and antibiotics, pigs fed in dry lot gained slightly faster than pigs fed on pasture.

Ratios Of Dried Skim Milk And Dried Whey For Pig Starter Rations, D. M. Danielson, E. R. Peo, Jr., D. B. Hudman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Lactose and sucrose were reported by Hudman (1956) to be preferred carbohydrates for pig starter rations. Lactose gave the best growth response when fed with soybean oil meal; sucrose with milk protein. From the analysis listed by Morrison (1956), both dried skim milk and dried whey must be considered as a source of lactose since, on an average, these products contain 51.1 and 70.1% lactose, respectively. In addition, both contain a high quality protein.

Supplementation Of Pig Starters With Thyroprotein, E. R. Peo, Jr., D. B. Hudman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

It has been reported that both gains and feed efficiency are improved when pigs are fed thyroprotein during the growth period from weaning to market weight (Reineke et al., 1948; Beeson et al., 1949; Perry et al., 1950; Perry et al., 1951). Contrary results have been reported by Braude (1947), Muhrer et al. (1947) and Vander Noot et al. (1948). No similar research has been reported with baby pigs during

Progress ’60: 1960 Annual Report

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Table of Contents

Commissioners … 2

Fisheries … 3

Game … 8

Parks … 14

Information and Tourism … 18

Federal Aid … 21

Engineering … 26

Law Enforcement … 28

Communications … 29

Boating … 30

Financial statement … 31

Permit sales by county … 35

Malaysian Parasites Xxxv-Xlix, W. W. Macdonald

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This is the third Study of the series from this Institute on the external and internal parasites and the biting insects of the Malaysian region. The earlier two volumes were planned and edited by Dr. J.R. Audy, and on his departure from Malaya in the middle of 1959 Mr. W. W. Macdonald continued the work which had been begun and collated and edited the papers in this present Study.

In the two previous volumes (Study No. 26, 1954 and No. 28, 1957) the emphasis was on the taxonomy of Trombiculid mites. In the present volume the emphasis has changed, and …

Synopsis Of Strigeoidea (Trematoda) Of Fishes And Their Life Cycles, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This report is an aid to the identification of the strigeoid metacercaria found in the fishes of the world. It includes It condensed record of the known life cycles of those strigeoids that have fish as their second intermediate host.. The parasites are placed in four metacercarial groups of strigeoids (Tetracotyle, Diplostomulum, Neaseus and Prohemistomulum). rather than grouped in the usual taxonomic fashion. The synopsis is world-wide although key's are given only for the species of Tetracotyle, DipIostomulm, and Neascus of North America. Representatives of the different genera are figured and drawings are included of all available …

Nebraska Bird Review (January 1960) 28(1), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

"Twin nests" of House Wren, picture ... 2

Trees and Shrubs of Value as a Food Source to Migratory and Non-Migratory Bird Life in the Sandhill Region of Central Nebraska ... 3

Summer Birds of Camp Opal Springs, 1958-1959 ... 5

Some Observations of Bird Behaviorisms in and Near Traps and Nets ... 7

Nesting Study of Long-Eared Owls in Box Butte County ... 10

General Notes ... 11

Excerpts from Letters ... 13

Nebraska Bird Review (October 1959) 27(4), Whole Issue.

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Thirty-Fifth Annual Cooperative Spring Migration and Occurrence Report ............................................................................ 50

Fall Records .............................................................................................. 67

Birding in Kearney "On The Run" .................................................... 69

General Notes ............................................................................................ 73

Index to Volume XXVII........................................................................ 74

Growth Measurements Of Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey And Jersey Males, H. P. Davis, I. L. Hathaway

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This study was based on monthly observations of all Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey and Jersey males born in the University of Nebraska dairy herd between 1922 and 1942. There were varying numbers of animals for the different months of age for the several breeds. Measurements of weight, slope of the rump, thickness of skin, and 13 linear measurements were taken monthly, from birth to disposal of the animals. The linear measurements were of heights at withers, hooks and rump; of lengths-diagonal (shoulder point to pinbone), body and rump; of widths at chest, hooks and pinbones; of depths at chest and barrel; …

Nebraska Bird Review (July 1959) 27(3), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Dr. R. Allyn Moser .................................................................................. 34

Dr. R. Allyn Moser's Contribution to Ornithology ........................ 35

1958 Nesting Report ................................................................................ 36

Meetings and Reports ............................................................................ 38

General Notes ............................................................................................ 39

Some Early Records of the Wild Turkey in Nebraska .................... 42

The Distribution of the Western Red-bellied Woodpecker in the Missouri River Valley ........................................................ 43

Excerpts from Letters ............................................................................ 44

Nebraska Bird Review (April 1959) 27(2), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Nesting of the Scissor-Tailed Flycatcher in Gage County ............................................................ 19

Third Mid-Winter Meeting ...................................... 20

A Monthly Record of Birds Occurring at Bladen, Webster County, 1957 and 1958 ..................... 21

Articles of Incorporation .......................................... 24

1959 Treasurer's Report ..................................................... 26

General Notes ..................................................... 28

Excerpts from Letters .......... ................................ ..... 32

Notes On Scottsbluff, Nebraska, Tornadoes, 27 June 1955, Robert G. Beebe

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration: Technical Reports and Related Materials

Some general characteristics of thirteen tornadoes that occurred on the afternoon of June 27, 1955 in Scottsbluff County, Nebraska, are related. Two of these caused widespread attention due to their size and their proximity to the cities of Scottsbluff and Mitchell, Nebraska. These two were photographed extensively by residents near their paths. The experience of two men directly beneath one of the two large tornadoes is related.

An Electrophoretic Study Of Egg-White Proteins In Twenty-Three Breeds Of The Domestic Fowl, Charles G. Sibley, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

A "conservative" taxonomic character is one which preserves evidence of evolutionary relationships. As Mayr (1942: 296) points out such characters are rare because structures are usually lost quickly when no longer needed and selection seldom neglects a functional structure for very long but continually modifies it as adaptive fitness is increased. However, because different characters evolve at different rates it is possible to find some characters which have changed more slowly than others and to use these as phylogenetic indicators. In birds, for example, plumage color and structure apparently change more rapidly than the skeleton or the muscular system. This …