Animal Sciences Commons^™

1965 Beef Cattle Progress Report Of Research Activities, E. F. Frolik, H. H. Kramer

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Beef carcass evaluation work is designed to obtain production and carcass data on bulls, steers and heifers. One objective is to evaluate sex effects on growth and carcass traits. Another is to determine if sires rank the same in growth and carcass traits on their bull, steer and heifer progeny.

Preliminary results from the 1963 slaughter groups were reported in the 1964 Beef Cattle Progress Report. This report covers averages of 1963 and 1964 results. Results both years were similar.

Nebraska Bird Review (January 1965) 33(1), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Bird Records from Northern Nebraska during the Breeding Season...................2

Two Species of Ibis Seen in Nebraska in May, 1964 ...................6

Nesting Report, 1964 ...................9

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Nesting in Clay County................... 14

Song Sparrow Nesting at Plattsmouth ...................14

A Changed Habitat ...................15

General Notes................... 18

Excerpts from Letters ...................19

Fall Field Day ...................20

Heritability Estimates Of Udder Disease As 5ieasured By Various Tests And Their Relationship To Each Other And To Milk Yield, Age, And Milking Tisies, G. H. Schmidt, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Paternal half-sib heritability estimates oi' milk yield, number of quarters infected with mastitis organisms, and number <>f quarters showing abnormal mill; were obtained from an analysis of milking and mastitis data of 2,865 Holstein cows. The within-herd heritability estimate for daily milk yield was 0.353 and that for the number of quarters infected with Streptococcus agalactiae 0.196. The heritability estimates for the number of quarters infected with organisms other than Streptococcus agalactiae, number of quarters infected, and number of quarters showing abnormal milk were all below 0.1.

Within-herd correlation coefficients were calculated among daily milk yield, milking data, age, …

Luteotropic Properties Of Luteinizing Hormone And Nature Of Oxytocin Induced Luteal Inhibition In Cattle, Lloyd Donaldson, William Hansel, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Fifty-three Holstein heifers were used to study the effects of oxytocin administered alone and in combination with various gonadotropins on the weights and progesterone contents of corpora lutea. Pituitary gonadotropin levels were compared in untreated and oxytocin-treated heifers at three stages of the estrous cycle.

Oxytoein injections on Days 2 through 6 significantly reduced the weights and total progesterone contents but not the progesterone concentrations of glands removed on Day 7. The concurrent administration of either purified bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) significantly increased these parameters from the oxytocin treatment levels to normal or supra-normal values. …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Frontmatter And Introduction, Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

Acknowledgments
Contents
List of Illustrations
Background and Objectives of This Study
Value and Limitations of Behavior as a Taxonomic Tool
Biological Characteristics of the Family Anatidae

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anseranatini (Magpie Goose), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The first subfamily and tribe of the Anatidae consists of the single genus and species Anseranas semipalmata, or magpie goose. This species deviates in almost every respect from the rest of the Anatidae, and anatomical evidence indicates that it has some affinities with the South American family of screamers, the Anhimidae (Delacour, 1954; Woolfenden, 1961). The screamers are a group of semiterrestrial birds which in turn have some of the characteristics of gallinaceous birds. It appears that the screamers and the magpie goose represent major stages in the evolution of the typical waterfowl from a gallinaceous ancestor. Besides the …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior, Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The present study was undertaken to test and evaluate the various taxonomic arrangements of the family, to discover some of the trends of behavioral evolution, and to provide a basis for future workers to use in naming, describing, and evaluating the behavioral patterns observed in waterfowl.

The major sexual behavior patterns of the species of Anatidae are reviewed and summarized, for the purpose of clarifying evolutionary relationships in the family, tracing the evolution of behavior patterns through various taxa, and evaluating the importance of certain behavior patterns as potential isolating mechanisms.

Species treated include:
Magpie Goose, Fulvous and Cuban Whistling …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Dendrocygnini (Whistling Ducks), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The whistling, or "tree," ducks comprise a group of eight species of world-wide, though primarily tropical, distribution. A single genus, Dendrocygna, is generally accepted, and indeed the species form such a homogeneous group that it is extremely difficult to establish intrageneric differences upon which to judge probable species relationships. In most respects, whistling ducks are very gooselike, differing from geese mainly in their more specialized tracheal structure, their whistling voices, and their distinctive downy plumage patterns. They possess relatively long legs and large feet, and they can dive remarkably well.

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anserini (Swans And True Geese), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The swans and true geese of the present tribe include about 21 species which are primarily temperate and arctic in distribution, with most forms occurring in the Northern Hemisphere. They are generally large grazing or dabbling birds, and all are highly social and have strong family bonds. Plumage patterns are the same in both sexes and tend to be relatively simple, with visual signal characteristics generally restricted to the bill, head, and rump. For the most part the species are very vocal, and in the true geese vocalizations probably reach the highest degree of development in the entire family.

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Stictonettini (Freckled Duck), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

I include the Australian freckled duck, as the only member of a proposed tribe Stictonettini, as I originally suggested in 1960 on a tentative basis. Previously the freckled duck had been generally considered an aberrant dabbling duck with several primitive features, such as a reticulated tarsus, simple tracheal structure (illustrated in Johnsgard, 1961c), and absence of metallic plumage coloration or distinct plumage dimorphism. No hybrids have been recorded involving this species, which occurs widely but infrequently over the southern half of Australia.

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Tadornini (Sheldgeese And Shelducks), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The tribe includes the 16 species of sheldgeese and shelducks ("Lophonetta" and Tachyeres are here excluded from the tribe) which provide such a smooth transition from the true geese to the true ducks that it is difficult to establish a dividing line between the two groups. I believe that the line is best placed between Cereopsis on the anserine side and Cyanochen on the anatine side. Cyanochen is clearly a sheldgoose, but the plumages and voices of the sexes are practically alike, as are also their displays. Cyanochen and the other Tadornini are characterized by a downy plumage that is …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Tachyerini (Steamer Ducks), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

I consider the three species of steamer ducks of the genus Tachyeres to constitute a separate tribe. These authorities agree that although steamer ducks are perhaps most closely related to the true shelducks, the steamers are sufficiently different to warrant removing them from the shelduck tribe. Their downy young lack the strongly contrasting coloration typical of shelducks, and the adult plumage pattern is distinct both from that of the shelducks and from that of the other anatine groups. There is a slight sexual dimorphism in bill color, head color, and possibly in the degree of tail-feather curling. Pair bonds appear …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Cairinini (Perching Ducks), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

Delacour and Mayr (1945) placed the perching duck tribe after the pochards (Aythyini) and adjacent to the sea ducks (Mergini), but hybridization evidence (Johnsgard, 1960a) clearly indicates that the group belongs between the shelducks and the dabbling ducks and closely adjacent to the latter. There is other evidence to support this arrangement. The tracheae of shelducks, perching ducks, and dabbling ducks are all very similar, possessing bullae which in most species are osseous and rounded, and lacking enlargements of the tracheal tube. The downy young of perching ducks and dabbling ducks are very similar, and are usually patterned with dark …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anatini (Surface-Feeding Ducks), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The tribe of surface-feeding, or dabbling, ducks is the largest single tribe in the family. There are 40 species in the tribe as it is constituted here. Contrary to the arrangement of Delacour (1956), the ringed teal is included in the Cairinini; and the crested duck, included in the Tadornini by Delacour, is here considered a typical dabbling duck. In addition, the pink-headed duck has been removed from the Anatini and placed in the Aythyini with the pochards, and the freckled duck has been removed from the tribe and is considered a primitive species having anserine relationships. The marbled teal …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Aythyini (Pochards), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The dabbling ducks grade almost imperceptibly into the pochard group considered here, and whether Marmaronetta and Rhodonessa should be included in one tribe or the other may be open to some question. As here constituted, the tribe includes 16 species of almost world-wide distribution which differ from the preceding group in several minor details. The hind toe has a larger lobe than occurs in the dabbling ducks, and it presumably aids in diving. The feet are also correspondingly larger and are set farther apart and more to the rear than in Anas. One of the most clear-cut differences is …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Mergini (Sea Ducks), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The tribe includes 20 species of which two are extinct. Except for two Southern Hemisphere species, the group is of northern and arctic distribution. All species consume a high proportion of animal material, although they are by no means all "sea" ducks. All dive extremely well, although the manner of diving varies in that some species usually open their wings when diving and others never do. All the species except the isolated Southern Hemisphere forms exhibit considerable sexual dimorphism in plumage, voice, and behavior, and there is much sympatry of ranges. Some genera (Somateria, Polysticta, Clangula, …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Oxyurini (Stiff-Tailed Ducks), Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The stiff-tailed ducks constitute a unique section of the Anatidae that is possibly the most isolated of all the tribes with the exception of the Anseranatini. There are eight species which almost certainly belong in the group, plus one more that is only very tentatively included. The tribe is of worldwide occurrence. Seven of the species have long, narrow, and stiffened tail feathers that function as rudders in underwater swimming, at which all species are very adept. These species also have a dense and shiny body plumage much like that of grebes, but lack metallic coloration altogether. The typical species …

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Summary And Synopsis Of The Family Anatidae, Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

The major sexual behavior patterns of the species of Anatidae may now be reviewed and summarized, for the purpose of clarifying evolutionary relationships in the family, tracing the evolution of behavior patterns through various taxa, and evaluating the importance of certain behavior patterns as potential isolating mechanisms.

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Works Cited, Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

Approximately 150 works cited. (7 pages)

Handbook Of Waterfowl Behavior: Indexes, Paul A. Johnsgard

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior by Paul A. Johnsgard

General index: The principal page reference for each species or group is indicated by boldface type. Subordinate page references for each species are listed only under the standardized English names used in this book, as shown in the Appendix. Commonly used alternate names, or names referring to certain races or species groups, are included in the index but only principal page references are listed under these names. Page references to illustrations of species or of specific displays are indicated by italics. The Appendix and Summary have not been indexed.

Scientific Names: This index provides a reference only to the page …

Litter Size And Proportion Of Females In The Offspring Of Multiparous Rats With Varying Uterine Metabolic Levels, A. B. Schutz

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The rate of _TTC reduction by the uterine tissue of rats was determined at specific stages of the oestrous cycle, and in successive cycles at the same stage. Individual females showed a characteristic level of reaction to _TTC. Mothers whose uteri had a high reaction rate with _TTC produced litters with a higher percentage of female pups than did mothers with a low level of reaction. Previous studies have shown that _TTC reduction rate represents a metabolic activity of uterine tissue that is induced by oestrogens.

Statistics In The Design And Analysis Of Physiology Experiments, L. Dale Van Vleck, C. R. Henderson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Statistics should be considered as a tool by the animal experimenter in much the same way that a chemical analysis or a radiation counter is used as a tool. Too often statistics is considered as something magical which can restore order out of chaos and perhaps absolve the experimenter from mistakes in logic and procedure. It is true of course that the statistician through his knowledge of statistical procedures can sometimes help salvage some results from an otherwise hopelessly muddled experiment. One point must be made clear at the outset—the statistician is not a tool of the experimenter although statistics …

Effect Of Ferrous Fumarate In The Lactation Diet On Sow Milk Iron, Pig Hemoglobin And Weight Gain, T. L. Veum, J. T. Gallo, L. Dale Van Vleck, J. K. Loosli

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments involving 22 litters were conducted to study the effects of adding ferrous fumarate to the lactation diet on iron level of sow’s milk and on weight gains and hemoglobin levels of suckling pigs. Ferrous fumarate was not effective in increasing iron content of milk, when added to the lactation diet at a level of 1984 mg. of iron per kg. The increase in hemoglobin level observed at 24 days in Experiment I and at 21 days in Experiment II, in litters nursing sows fed ferrous fumarate, was due to the pigs’ obtaining a source of iron from the …

Comparison Of Heritability Estimates From Daughter-Dam Regression And Paternal Half-Sib Correlation, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. E. Bradford

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Analysis of 60,000 pairs of daughter and dam first-lactation records expressed as deviations from herd-mate averages for five breeds yielded markedly different heritability estimates from daughter-dam regression than from paternal half-sib correlation. These results suggest that 18% of the within-herd variation is due to genetic maternal effects. The same records analyzed as mature equivalent records and not as deviations but by a sire by herd model did not show this difference. Confounding between year and sire effects probably biased the intraclass correlation estimates upward in the latter analysis, since year effects were not included in the statistical model.

Heritability Estimates When Dams And Daughters Are In The Same And Different Herds, L. Dale Van Vleck, C. L. Hart

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The regression of daughter on dam deviations of Holstein first-lactation milk production from herd-mate averages was computed for 38,440 pairs of records made in the same herd and for 10,256 pairs of records where the daughter was in one herd and the dam in another. The corresponding heritability estimates were .42 and .40, respectively, which suggest an environmental covariance of .01 between records of daughters and dams in the same herd. Other analyses were conducted for dams with two daughters with records where 1) both had records in the same herd as the dam, 2) only one had a record …

Differences Among Appraisers In The New York Type Appraisal Program, L. Dale Van Vleck, R. Albrectsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The purpose of the New York type appraisal program is to attempt to rate type traits objectively. Approximately 34 traits are included, of which 25 are rated by the appraiser and 9 by the herd manager. This paper reports differences among 18 appraisers, including S professional judges, 7 New York Artificial Breeders' Cooperative fieldmen, and 3 other sire selection personnel all of whom rated 38 cows in a single herd. There were statistically significant differences (P ≤ .05) among appraisers for all traits. Average scores of the professionals were different from those of the fieldmen for all except six traits. …

Two New Species Of Plistophora (Microsporidea) From North American Fish With A Synopsis Of Microsporidea Of Freshwater And Euryhaline Fishes, Robert E. Putz, Glenn L. Hoffman, Clarence E. Dunbar

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Two new species of Microsporidea, Plistophora salmonae from steelhead and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Plistophora cepedianae from gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) are described. Schizonts to spores of P. cepedianae were found at one time within the same cyst, while only sporonts and spores of P. salmonae were found within the cyst. An illustrated synopsis of the known Microsporidea of freshwater and euryhaline fishes is given.

Eimeria Aurati N. Sp. (Protozoa:Eimeriidae) From Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) In North America, Glenn L. Hoffman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In March, 1962 this laboratory received some goldfish for disease diagnosis from Mr. Richard Rice, Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. Seven of 29 fish examined were infected with Eimeria. These fish had long, whitish, opaque fecal casts hanging from the anus. The casts were composed almost entirely of oocysts. When shed, they sank to the bottom and looked somewhat like "spent" tapeworms (Figs. 1, 2). The infected fish were very lethargic and their intestines were swollen with contained fluid. Although I believe that the Eimeria is pathogenic, a heavy infection of other parasites made this difficult to determine. These fish had apparently …

Studies On Myxosoma Cartilaginis N. Sp. (Protozoa: Myxosporidea) Of Centrarchid Fish And A Synopsis Of The Myxosoma Of North American Freshwater Fishes, Glenn L. Hoffman, Robert E. Putz, Clarence E. Dunbar

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Myxosoma cartilaginis n. sp. is described from the cartilage of Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), L. cyanellus (green sunfish) and Micropterus salmoides (largemouth black bass).  The development of the parasite is described from naturally infected fish which were held in spore-free water after infection.  The sporoplasm invades cartilage, and becomes a multinucleate trophozoite which forms pansporoblasts, each of which produces 2 to 4 spores.  The first spores appear in 7 weeks.

The histopathology in the above fish consists at first of little cellular reaction, but after 4 to 5 months epithelioid granulomas appear arround some of the spore masses.  Cartilage liquefaction is …

Review Of Echinococcus Species In South Africa, Anna Johanna Maria Verster

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

1. The nominate subspecies of E. granulosus (Batsch, 1786) is redesignated from the type locality, Europe.

2. Five subspecies of E. granulosus are described from South African carnivores: E. g. granulosus, E. g. africanus, E. g. felidis, E. g. lycaontis and E. g. ortleppi.

3. E. g. granulosus has so far only been recovered from the Transvaal; E. g. ortleppi appears to be restricted to the Transvaal; E. g. africanus occurs in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal; E. g. lycaontis and E. g. felidis like their definitive hosts are restricted to the Transvaal.

4. …