Animal Sciences Commons^™

Sire Evaluation By Best Linear Unbiased Prediction For Categorically Scored Type Traits, L. Dale Van Vleck, P. J. Karner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Best linear unbiased prediction to predict category frequencies of future progeny of a sire for type traits scored in mutually exclusive categories is described. The method accounts for automatic covariances among categories and is comparable to prediction for multiple traits. The method does not require linearity of measurements and also allows nonlinear economic values to be assigned to each category after frequencies are predicted. Evaluations were for 12 descriptive type traits for 712 Brown Swiss bulls having daughters in more than one herd. Problems in obtaining solutions to the mixed-model equations for multiple traits are discussed.

Stayability Evaluation As A Categorical Trait And By Considering Other Traits, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Correspondence between usual categorical scores where frequencies sum to one and stayability of herd life measured as survival to several age periods is illustrated. The singularity of the variancecovariance matrix of categorically measured traits when each category is a separate trait also is true for stayability, since the measurement for the last period for stayability is always zero, has variance zero, and covariances zero with measurements in preceding periods. Best linear unbiased prediction for stayability of a bull's daughters is achieved by ignoring the last period. A procedure is described for predicting stayability of daughters having variable opportunity for stayability …

Influence Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Inoculum On Gnotobiotic And Conventional Pigs, D. S. Pollmann, D. M. Danielson, W. B. Wren, E. R. Peo, Jr., K. M. Shahani

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of L. acidopbilus (bacteria commonly found in probiotics) inoculum on gnotobiotic and conventional pigs. The localization and population levels of L. acidopbilus (LA) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of 24 gnotobiotic pigs (12 treated and 12 control) were determined by microbiological techniques.

Lysine Requirement Of Pigs Weighing 5 To 15 Kg Fed Practical With And Without Added Fat, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, T. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Weanling crossbred pigs (average weight 5 kg) were fed diets containing two levels of fat and six levels of lysine in a 2 • 6 factorial design to determine the lysine requirement of young pigs fed practical diets with and without added fat. The diets were based on corn and soybean meal and contained either 5% sucrose or 5% lard. Lysine levels ranged from .95% (basal) to 1.45% in .10% increments. The growth trial was 28 days long and pigs were bled at 14 and 28 days. Feed intake (ADFI), weight gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F) and changes in plasma …

Heterosis And Breed Effects In Swine, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An objective of the NC-103 regional swine breeding project is to evaluate inter-population and intra-population performance of domestic and exotic strains of swine. Several cooperating stations have conducted experiments relative to this objective. Projects were not exact replicates, but sufficient overlap allowed combining the information to yield more precise estimates of heterosis and breed effects than was possible from the analyses of data from any single experiment. This publication summarizes data available from NC-103 cooperating stations on breed and heterosis effects in swine. An extensive crossbreeding experiment has been conducted and results published by Canadian researchers Fahmy and Bernard, 1971 …

Adjustment Of 21-Day Litter Weight For Number Of Pigs Nursed For Purebred And Crossbred Dams, E. R. Wilson, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Litter data from two crossbreeding experiments were used to estimate coefficients for regressing 21-day litter weight on litter size at 21-days. Exp. 1 involved 1,003 purebred and F_g gilts of Hampshire, Duroc and Yorkshire breeding and 206 second parity sows of Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire breeding; Exp. 2 involved 388 F₁ gilts and sows of Duroc, Yorkshire, Landrace and Spot breeding. The linear and quadratic regression coefficients from the gilt data in Exp. 1 were 5.64 ± .29 kg/pig and -.10 ± .02 kg/(pig)², respectively. For Exp. 2, the regression coefficients were 5.98 ± .71 kg/pig …

Fragmentation Index Of Raw Muscle As A Tenderness Predictor Of Steaks From Us Good And Us Standard Steer And Bullock Carcasses, Chris R. Calkins, G. W. Davis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Thirty steer (10 US Good, 20 US Standard) and 10 bullock carcasses (one US Good, nine US Standard) were selected from two commercial meat packing firms and aged for 10 to 14 days in a 2 C cooler. Each carcass was assigned scores for the various USDA quality and yield grade factors during a 48- to 120-hr post-mortem selection period. Steaks containing the longissimus muscle were obtained from the anterior end of the short loin and cooked to 70 C. They were then measured for tenderness with the Warner-Bratzler shear and evaluated by a trained eight-member sensory panel.

Effect Of Dietary Lactose On Gain, Feed Conversion, Blood, Bone And Intestinal Parameters In Postweaning Rats And Swine, R. L. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., T. D. Crenshaw, P. J. Cunningham

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of lactose on performance, bone integrity and certain blood constituents in post-weaning rats and swine. The effect of lactose on calcium and phosphorus and percentage ash content of the small intestine was also determined. In both trials, average daily gains were not influenced by the feeding of diets containing 30% lactose. Feed conversion was depressed in both rats and pigs when 30% lactose was fed.

Effect Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus On Starter Pigs Fed A Diet Supplemented With Lactose, D. S. Pollmann, D. M. Danielson, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Seventy-two crossbred pigs (average initial weight 6 kg) were used to study the effect of L. acidopbilus (lactic acid-producing bacteria common in probiotics) in starter diets on gain, feed conversion, fecal lactobacillus and coliform counts, hematology and serum proteins. The nonmedicated experimental diets were corn-soybean meal (18% crude protein) diets with two levels of lactose (0 and 10%). It has been theorized that lactose is necessary for lactobacilli to colonize in the digestive tract. One-half of the pigs received a 10-ml inoculum daily for 2 weeks via stomach tubes.

Effect Of Various Levels Of Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus On Performance, Blood, And Bone Parameters In Growing Boars, R. D. Nimmo, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, P. J. Cunningham, D. G. Olson, T. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Ninety-six 8-kg crossbred boars were initially allotted to three dietary levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) - (A) .65% Ca; .50% P; (B) .975% Ca; .75% P and (C) 1.3% Ca; 1.0% P - to determine the effects of the different levels on average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed to gain (F:G) and certain blood and bone parameters.

Effects Of Microbial Feed Additives On Performance Of Starter And Growing-Finishing Pigs, D. S. Pollmann, D. M. Danielson, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid-producing microbial feed additives (Probiotics) on performance of starting and growing-finishing pigs. Two commercially available probiotics, Probios (L. acidopbilus) and Feed-Mate 68 (Streptococcus faecium type Cernelle 68), were used. In the first of two starter trials, 192 crossbred pigs (initial weight 7 kg) were used in a 2 • 4 factorial arrangement of treatments, with Probios and antibiotics (ASP-250, lincomycin, tylosin) as the main effects.

Long-Term Effects Of Dietary Additions Of Alfalfa And Tallow On Sow Reproductive Performance, D. S. Pollmann, D. M. Danielson, M. A. Crenshaw, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Eighty-eight crossbred sows were used to evaluate the effects of including sun-cured alfalfa in gestation diets and tallow in lactation diets on reproductive performance for three successive reproductive cycles.

Response Of Different Genetic Lines Of Boars To Varying Levels Of Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus, R. D. Nimmo, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, P. J. Cunningham, T. D. Crenshaw, D. G. Olson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various levels of dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on performance, soundness and blood and bone parameters of different genetic lines of boars fed under variable environmental conditions. The first experiment compared different genetic lines of boars fed two levels of dietary Ca and P. Forty purebred (Large White) and Nebraska Gene Pool boars were allotted by breed and initial weight to two levels of dietary Ca and P (.65 Ca/.50% P and 1.3% Ca/1.0% P).

Effects Of Twinning On Lactation And Days Open In Holsteins, C. A. Chapin, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Effects of twinning on lactation and days open in Holsteins were studied from calving records compiled by member surveys of Eastern Artificial Insemination Cooperative. Records of cows with 305-day mature-equivalent records from the Northeast Dairy Records Processing Laboratory were grouped according to whether the twin calving was associated with dystocia. Records of each cow that had a twin calving were paired with records of a single-calving control herdmate. In the twin group of 175 cows associated with dystocia, twin pregnancy had no effect on production; milk and fat production in the lactation initiated by twinning was depressed (137 kg and …

Relationships Among Type Traits And Milk Yield Of Brown Swiss Cattle, L. Dale Van Vleck, P. J. Karner, G. R. Wiggans

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Variances and covariances for herdyear, sire, and residual effects were estimated for 10 standard type traits and milk yield from type records on 12,838 Brown Swiss cows and milk records on 5,911 of these. A total of 712 sires and 824 herds was involved. The model was a random two-way, cross-classified model (herd-year and sire of cow) with no interaction. Covariances with descriptive type traits scored in categories as present or absent also were estimated as were variance-covariance matrices for descriptive type traits when each category was a separate trait. Genetic correlations of standard type traits with final classification score …

Estimating A Genetic Covariance From Least Squares Solutions, G. R. Wiggans, R. L. Quaas, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An unbiased and invariant procedure is described for estimating the covariance between effects of two traits or of random variables such as sires in two environments when the residual effects for one trait are not correlated with those of the other trait. When the covariance is desired between two classes in the model, such as sire of fetus and sire of cow, the data can be divided randomly into two sets to allow use of this procedure to estimate the covariance since the residuals in the two data sets would be uncorrelated. The method is to obtain solutions by ordinary …

Profitability Index For Sires, J. J. Bakker, R. W. Everett, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A profitability index for evaluation of sires on predicted lifetime production of daughters and their progeny was developed from sire evaluations for milk yield, fat yield, and stayability. Indexes of milk and stayability for first lactations were used to calculate proofs for stayability in later lactations. Predicted milk yields were adjusted to the actual age when the records would be made. Breed averages, which are required for the procedure, were calculated from records of daughters of 1192 Holstein-Friesian sires in the Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison. Proofs for stayability through the first lactation and indexes for stayability in later lactations …

Nebraska Trapping, George Schildman, Frank Andelt, Jim Brunner

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Fur bearers and trapping played an important role in the exploration and development of Nebraska. The harvest of our fur-bearer resource is part of every Nebraskan's heritage. Wise use of the resource and consideration for other people's property and personal rights can insure that trapping will remain a part of the heritage of future generations. The purpose of this publication is to help insure this heritage ... through the educational process. Knowledge of and respect for the resource, as well as consideration for other people, are the keys to perpetuating trapping as an outdoor activity. While primarily designed to assist …

1980 Beef Cattle Report, Leo E. Lucas

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Weighing steers three consecutive days at the beginning and end of the trial reduced variation and increased the probability of detecting a difference in daily gain and gain/protein ratios between treatments when compared to a standard weighing method (once at the beginning and once at the end of the trial). Regressing 1 initial, 1 final and 11 weekly weights also decreased variation and increased the probability of detecting treatment differences compared to the standard method, but was more variable than using three weights at the beginning and end of the trial.

Young, growing steers and lambs supplemented with natural protein …

Arapaho Prairie, Arthur County, Nebraska: Approximate Ap Grid For Gis, Kathleen H. Keeler, A. T. Harrison, L. S. Vescio

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Grid map of field sites at Arapaho Prairie in Arthur County, Nebraska. Scale 1 5/16" = 1/4 mile. Shows permanently marked vegetation quadrats, blowouts and ravine washouts, roads, and 100' contour intervals. Part of the map was destroyed by mice. What remains of the map as of 2013 is shown.

Pheasants In Asia 1979: Proceedings Of The First International Symposium On Pheasants In Asia (November 21-23, 1979 : Kathmandu, Nepal), Keith Howman, Christopher Savage

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Message from His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev

Inaugural Address by the Rt. Hon. Prime Minister

Welcome Address by the Chief Conservator of Forests

Reply by Keith Howman, Chairman of the Conference

Keynote Papers

Forestry, National Parks and Conservation in Nepal, B. N. Upreti

Pheasant Conservation: A Minimum Programme? Christopher D.W. Savage

Reports on the Status of Pheasants

Nepal (1) Introductory Paper, Karna Sarkya

Nepal (2) Status of the Pheasants of Nepal, J. O. M. Roberts

Status of the Pheasants in Pakistan, Z. B. Mirza

Status of the Pheasants, Malaysia and Indonesia, G. W. H. Davison

The Himalayas: …

Proceedings Of Perdix Ii: Gray Partridge Workshop, Forest, Wildlife And Range Experiment Station, University Of Idaho, The Wildlife Society, Idaho Cahpter, Wildlife Management Institute

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Proceedings of Perdix II: Gray Partridge Workshop (March 18-20, 1980, Moscow, Idaho, United States)

The proceedings for this symposium have been divided into three parts: professional papers, a continent-wide management/research plan, and a bibliography. All of the papers were refereed by two or three people working in the field.

Papers Presented

The Distribution and Density of Gray Partridge in Northern New York, David E. Austin

Habitat Utilization by Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix L.) Prenesting Pairs in East-Central Wisconsin, Kevin E. Church, Hallett J. Harris, and Richard B. Stiehl

An Evaluation of Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Aging Criteria, …

Analysis Of Sonagrams Of American Bison (Bison Bison), Harvey L. Gunderson, Brian R. Mahan

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The sound made by adult male American bison (Bison bison) during agonistic behavior has been described as a "roar" because of its similarity to the roar of an African lion (Shult, 1972). Bulls roar any time of the year, but more commonly and most intensively during the rut when there are many agonistic confrontations between competing males. McHugh (1958), Shult (1972), and Petersburg (1973) have described this roaring and under what circumstances it occurs.

While the bull is roaring, its tongue is protruded and the sound is produced by forceful expiration of air over the vocal cords. In …

Apparent Chromosomal Heterosis In A Fossorial Mammal, John C. Patton, Robert J. Baker, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

For the past decade, numerous investigators have attempted to explain the plethora of genetic polymorphism found in nature (see Ayala 1976). However, few researchers have been able to document how polymorphisms have been maintained, whether the polymorphisms were genic or chromosomal. Our investigations into the maintenance of a Robertsonian chromosomal polymorphism in the plains pocket goher, Geomys bursarius major, have revealed evidence that this polymorphism is maintained by differential viabilities of the three chromosomal morphs, with the heterozygote being favored.

Revised Checklist Of North American Mammals North Of Mexico, 1979, J. Knox Jones Jr., Dilford C. Carter, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Faunal checklists provide useful ready references for many kinds of endeavors, both in the laboratory and in the field, and are particularly helpful to students. Since publication more than four years ago of a "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico" (Jones et al., 1975), demand for that list has exceeded the supply set aside for general distribution; additionally, systematic studies of mammals published since 1974 necessitate changes in the list. Primarily for these reasons, a newly revised checklist of mammalian species occurring in the Nearctic to the north of Mexico is here presented. As in this and …

Variation In Pappogeomys Castanops (Geomyidae) On The Llano Estacado Of Texas And New Mexico, Robert C. Dowler, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Nongeographic and geographic variation in the yellow-cheeked pocket gopher, Pappogeomys castanops, were analyzed in specimens collected in northwestern Texas and eastern New Mexico. Univariate and multivariate methods of analysis were utilized to assess variation in morphometric characters among 12 samples of P. castanops. Because of significant variation with age, only adult specimens were used in analyses. Adult males were significantly larger than females in all 13 characters studied. Our analyses of geographic variation reveal that those specimens previously assigned to the subspecies P. c. simulans are not sufficiently distinct to warrant subspecific designation.

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (December 1979) 47(4)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Great Gray Owl Distribution, Winter 1977-78 ....................................... 62

Book Reviews .................................................................. 65

Notes ......................................................................... 66

Index of Volume 47 ............................................................. 70

Reproductive Characteristics Of Boars During And After Exposure To Increased Ambient Temperature , R. P. Wettemann, M. E. Wells, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Reproductive performance of 12 11-month-old Yorkshire boars was determined during and after exposure to control or increased ambient temperatures. After 3 weeks adjustment at 23 C in temperature controlled chambers, six boars were heat stressed by exposure to 34.5 ± 1.0 C for 8 hr and 31.0 ± 1.0 C for 16 hr during each 24-hr period and six control boars were maintained at 23.0 ± 1.0 C for 11 weeks. All boars were subsequently exposed to 23 C for 6 weeks. Semen was collected twice weekly before, during and after heat stress and boars were naturally mated with gilts …

Records Of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) From Suriname, Hugh H. Genoways, Stephen L. Williams

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Ten species are added to the 60 species of bats already known to occur in Suriname. The species added include Micronycteris minuta, M. nicefori, Phylloderma stenops, Tonatia bidens, T. brasiliense, Carollia brevicauda, Chiroderma trinitatum, Vampyressa bidens, Promops centralis, and P. nasutus. Additional information is presented on five species previously recorded from Suriname, including Pteronotus parnellii, Mimon crenulatum, Artibeus concolor, Chiroderma villosum, and Sturnira tildae.

Distribution And Natural History Of Amphibians And Reptiles In Western Nebraska With Ecological Notes On The Herpetiles Of Arapaho Prairie, Royce E. Ballinger, John D. Lynch, Patrick H. Cole

Papers in Herpetology

Introduction: The distribution and natural history of amphibians and reptiles have been little studied in the northern states of the great plains. Relative to other vertebrate groups, the herpetofauna of grasslands is depauperate particularly at higher latitudes where temperature becomes a limiting factor to poikilotherms. Nevertheless, certain species of amphibians and reptiles are common in specific habitats and thus form a conspicuous component of the prairie fauna. The purposes of the present study were to document the distributions of herpetiles in a specified region of western Nebraska and to describe general aspects of their natural history. We hope such information …